Tula, ezikhangayo futhi izindawo izivakashi: isithombe kanye nencazelo emfushane

Lapho ecabanga ngokusebenzisa travel eRussia kufanele ngempela zifakwe uhlelo Tula. Izikhangibavakashi nemizila izivakashi edabula kulo muzi, uyoba ezithakazelisayo abadala kanye nezingane, abafokazi futhi izakhamuzi Russian.

Umlando kafushane

imithombo ezibhalwe phansi kokukhuluma Tula, eyabhalwa ngonyaka 1146. ifa Architectural, zamasiko nezomlando somuzi ocebile ithatha. Nokho, edolobheni wazibonela hhayi kuphela bachuma, kodwa futhi nezikhathi esinzima emlandweni.

Ngo-1382, kwaba ukuqaphela yezindaba zemihla ngemihla wathola, Tula wakhungatheka phakathi nokuhlaselwa Khan Tokhtamysh. Asazi nje ukuza lapha amaTartar zolotaya Orda. Phakathi nokubusa Ivan III omuzi aqala lilinganise njengoba ubukhulu eMoscow. Futhi ekhulwini le-17 benqotshwa Ivan Bolotnikov.

Phakathi nokubusa koMbusi Alexei Mikhailovich futhi Tula elichumayo, ngoba kukhona ezifudumele ukukhiqizwa. Ngemva komunye ekhulwini uPetru nganquma ukuthi kwaba imboni yezikhali zempi ivula Tula. Okunjalo Yakhiwa Nikita Demidov.

izici ezithakazelisayo

Ngo uhambo lwakho kufakwe Tula? Izikhangibavakashi nemizila izivakashi azungeze umuzi ukusiza ukubazi nale ndawo yasendulo, namuhla eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa ezinsukwini ubudala, izinto zaba kancane ezahlukene, njengoba kufakazelwa igama nje kwalesi sigodi. Philologists bathi lelo gama lalivamile lisuselwa elithi "Zatula", okubhekise ezifihliwe, isendaweni ecashile.

Yingakho igama lalowo emfuleni wahamba, eligeleza emahlathini intombi. Futhi kuze kube namuhla ke aye wasigcina igama layo zomlando - Tulitsa. Kodwa on the mfula futhi kamuva wabizela komnikazi ukuthi ayekhula wachichima.

Eqhubekela phambili umzila izivakashi Tula, isihambi ifunda ukuthi umuzi yabakhanga labo amandla 1146 lapho wadinga insindiso ezitheni ka Novgorod-Seversky Prince. Okokuqala waya vyatichi, futhi ukusuka lapho efika Tula, lapho banquma ukuqoqa intela, abazithobayo ezweni eliseduze ngokwayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngisho nokuphathwa kwegama ebhaliwe yokuqala emzaneni wayevele. Futhi manje, ibingakazeki Tula uvele ngamuphi unyaka.

umlando okunye

Enye inguqulo ye indlela umzana weza ukuvelela, uxhuma umlando wasendulo we AmaTatar nomfazi Khan. Uma ubheka izinto Tula ngosuku olulodwa, isihambi uzowezwa legend, unkosikazi Khan wayebizwa ngokuthi Taydula. Kukulo muzi lapho futhi kwakukhona igama zokuhlala.

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile wangena ifa Prince Oleg, futhi kamuva uvele Dmitry Donskoy.

Ukubaluleka amasu

Ezinsukwini ubudala, Tula kwakungekho ihluke kwezinye nemizana eseduze. Sasisincane ngempela, kodwa kusukela isitha bavikela ejele. Ngezinye wabokuqala ixazululwe esiqhingini elincane elamiswa Tulitsa futhi Upoy.

City babesuke izikhulu Ryazan eMoscow, kodwa ungalokothi uzibuse. Tula kwaba iphuzu osendaweni ebalulekile, ngoba inqaba eyakhelwe lapha bavunyelwe ukuvikela izindlela eningizimu. Yingakho-ke ecebe kangaka ngempi nomlando, abadumile Tula indlela. Izikhangibavakashi futhi izivakashi iphuzu - liphinde ensimini lapho kwakukhona impi ye Kulikov, njengoba lesi senzakalo senzeka eduze kwedolobha. impi Okubalulekile kwenzeka e 1380.

Tula ezibiyele

Uma uhambo ifakiwe Tula, ezikhangayo futhi izindawo izivakashi ngeke akwenze ngaphandle uthando ikhambo ne ezibiyele wendawo. Futhi Namuhla kuyinto ukwakhiwa ezibalulekile lasendulo sibukeka sisihle, okubonisa okunethezeka bokwakha sokhuni, ogama ochwepheshe besilokhu siphila lezi izingcweti izindawo-isizukulwane.

Ezibiyele - efana ithoyizi, nobuhle bakhe akabashiyi ngabandayo. It is zangekhulu le-16 leminyaka, lapho Russia kwakudingeka inqaba, okwakuyosiza uvikele YaseCrimea AmaTatar. Namuhla ukwakhiwa uyekile ukudlala ukubaluleka amasu, kodwa sekuwuphawu komuzi, edonsa izivakashi ukwazi ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene.

Okokuqala, ezibiyele Yakhiwa emgwaqeni omkhulu, okuyinto wazala igama Muravskaya Indlela. Lokho-ke waya YaseCrimea isizwe abangophakimpi, sithembele booty ocebile. Kwenzeka isimanga ukuthi izivikelo ayebuthakathaka kakhulu ukuvikela idolobha, futhi isakhiwo kabusha esakhiwe ngebhange ngakwesokunxele, ayikho ngaphansi izikhukhula.

Uma uhambo lwakho kwaba Tula, ezikhangayo kanye nemizila izivakashi ngempela ubambe umuntu ukwazi nge ogwini Upa, nisin Rzhevsk Gati, kanye izinto eziphawuleka kakhulu kusukela iphuzu lempi umbono nomgwaqo we Upoy Murawski Shlyach.

Reconstruction and ukubuyiselwa ezibiyele

Njengoba ukwakhiwa kwe ubudala, it is hhayi nje othola ukwakha kabusha. Ikakhulu, i-ukulungisa iye waqala ekuthatheni isinyathelo uCatherine II ngo-1784. Njengoba iNdlovukazi akazange abeke phambi abasebenzi umsebenzi wokulondoloza ukubukeka isakhiwo, i-Kremlin zanamuhla ngempela ngokungafani eyodwa wayekade eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule.

Enye ukulungiswa iye waqala eminyakeni 1820. Labe ehlotshiswe lokhuni cupola domes. Noma kunjalo, wahlala engaphansi kwekhulu. Kakade ekhulwini XX, sonke isakhiwo nge izindlu nezwe ezengeziwe kwakuthandeka ugoqe. Ngaleso sikhathi, isakhiwo esibalulekile enhle futhi ngokomlando abalulekile nje uvele eyihlane, kodwa yaphenduka indawo yokulahla emzini. Insimu engakaze sihlanza bese it is banquma ukwakha inkundla. Ezibiyele eyakhelene eyinkimbinkimbi abamba ukushisa nesithulu ifektri kocingo.

Izinguquko ezibalulekile emlandweni we Tula ezibiyele kwenzeka ngo-1948, lapho uhulumeni wamaSoviet wenza isinqumo khona lapho sokubuyiselwa. Umsebenzi igcwaliswe ngo-1957, uzowubuyisela imibhoshongo namasango. Ngo-1975 futhi baqala ukubuyisela Cathedral of kweNyuka.

Uma kuhlelwe uhambo esifushane ukuze lo muzi wasendulo, bheka izinto Tula kungaba ngikuvakashele kafushane insimu Kremlin. Kulapha zonke yezinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu futhi okuphawulekayo ngokuya umlando.

Isonto Nambili

Uma ukuhlola izinto kanye Tula esifundeni, uzophawula ukuthi kukhona yini amasonto amaningi. Isimo isimo esibi saba sibi nakakhulu ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, okuyinto akumangalisi ikakhulukazi uma ubheka ibalazwe, kungcono endaweni enkulu ngempela, ngempela ezinabantu abaningi abantu.

Isikhathi esiningi isonto Tula etholakala maphakathi nedolobha. Kodwa amashidi Diocesan of XIX leminyaka wabhala ukuthi amasonto ekhona ngeke ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabantu.

Inkinga uye yabakhanga Preosvyaschennogo Pitirima wabanjwa kulezi zingxenye ngo-1896. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwanqunywa ukuba uhlelo ukuze kwakhiwe amasonto phezu emaphethelweni omuzi. Yilokho kanye sabekwa:

• Isonto Nambili.
• Zion Church.
• ONgcwele Znamenskoye.
• Isonto okuthiwa Feodosiya Chernigovskogo.

Indaba okuthakazelisa kakhulu Nambili yesonto, elakhiwa kwezinkuni. Siza ekwakheni ke kwadingeka umthengisi ugodo eyayinawo izinqolobane ngokucebile elisemaphethelweni aseningizimu emzaneni. Ngaphakathi dalo of ethempelini wasiza futhi Providence, ngakho ekwakhiweni amasonto Kwakuyimina ngedwa umdala ka Nikolskoye Chistikov. imizamo Joint ephethwe ukubeka wasethempelini owenziwa oki, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi esikhundleni ngetshe.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi limelela Tula ezikhangayo (isithombe - khasi), qiniseka ukubheka ingaphakathi zedivayisi zethempeli. Kuhlelwe ukuze awumise altare amathathu igama:

• Nambili.
• Nikolaya Chudotvortsa.
• Catherine.

Nethempeli Serafima Sarovskogo

Qiniseka ukuvakashela leli thempeli uma kukhona emzini Tula ezihehayo travel uhambo lwakho. Vula nsuku zonke. Inkonzo iqala-8 ekuseni isevisi kusihlwa ligcinwe, ekuqaleni - nakanye 5:00. Kukhona emaculweni njalo, aphethwe ngoLwesine, ngoLwezihlanu kanye ngamaSonto.

Umlando waleli ebandla aqala ngo-1905. Wamisa isakhiwo lemali abathengisi Stefanovic futhi Ermolaevo-Zvereva. Sekuyisikhathi eside Kukhona eqhuba indawo yokuhlala izingane emgwaqweni, abadala. IziKronike asho ukuthi ngo-1914, ngaphansi kokunakekela ethempelini lalinabashumayeli abantu 130.

Nasemaphephandabeni Diocesan ka Serafima Sarovskogo Temple wabhala ukuthi ehlanzekile ethokomele, efana indlwana. Kuyaziwa ukuthi Saint uSeraphim ayethanda ukuthandaza esitokisini esincane esaziwa, wayephila ngesizotha beswela evikelwe. ISonto kuyavumelana ngokuphelele nalo indlela aphila ngayo futhi imikhuba.

Ngo-1976 isonto yanikwa uMnyango archive yesifunda abaphakanyiselwe ekungeneni ekomidini eliphezulu. Kwakufanele uyisebenzisela isitoreji dokhumenti. Insimu yaqashiswa kumphakathi abayizithulu lapha kwaba ifakwe club.

Kodwa ngo-2002 kwaba khona ukubuya esontweni kubalulekile izakhiwo emuva amakholwa. Inkonzo okokuqala ngemuva kwekhefu elide owawuse Okthoba 4, 2002.

Uma emathempelini enu uhambo, Tula, izimpawu zendawo, izithombe of Thrones isiqiniseko ukujabulisa abahambi. Manje bobabili, nobabili ungathatha isithombe sezinga eliphezulu, uma ukuvakashela leli thempeli. Ama-altare zibizwa:

• Serafima Sarovskogo.
• Serafima Vyritskogo.

Ngo-2004, lapho ibandla wakwazi ukuvula kuSonto skole yezingane. Othola sokubuyiselwa, ukulungiswa, kabusha, eklanyelwe ukubuyisela isakhiwo ukubukeka mlando.

Kuthiwani-cookie?

Ingabe unentshisekelo Tula, izimpawu zendawo, izithombe nge incazelo? Khona-ke qiniseka ukuthi sinake Tula Gingerbread. Kwenzeka isimanga ukuthi wayesazi iwuphawu edolobheni. Ubani ungaceli - ngisho izakhamuzi Sakhalin, nakuba Kaliningrad, nakuba eCaucasus, wonke umuntu ukwazi Tula Gingerbread. Edolobheni, ungakwazi ukujabulela fresh, okumnandi, elimnandi, ukudla okunoshukela esiyingqayizivele. Akunakwenzeka ukuba simelane!

Gingerbread kanye samovar - ukuthi izinhlamvu ezimbili eziyinhloko yokucabanga yabantu Russian. Tula Gingerbread ezibhalelwe kusukela ekhulwini XVII. Ukuze uthole ukuthi kwathiwa kanjani kwenziwe ngaphambi nendlela ukukhiqizwa Kumiswa manje, ujwayelene izinhlobonhlobo amakhekhe ukunambitha imikhiqizo sha, ungavakashela Museum wendawo "Tula Gingerbread".

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube namuhla

ezinganekwaneni Local bathi Gingerbread Tula waqala ukwenza kudala - eside ngaphambi samovars nezibhamu. Ngemva kokuvakashela Museum, ungakwazi ngumnikazi amehlo ukuze siqiniseke ukuthi isanqante - akusiwona ukudla nje omuhle, kodwa futhi art abantu.

Kwenzeka isimanga ukuthi isanqante eRussia sasifanekisela inhlalakahle, ukuchuma endlini. Ekhaya, ngokuvamile baba into isiko.

Uma umzila wakho Tula, ezikhangayo, yini ukubona emzini, sakara Gingerbread? Ungaphuthelwa emehlweni ukubaza omangalisayo esibonisa le dessert esimnandi!

Hlobo luni zamakhukhi khona? Lesitshalo yasungulwa ngo isixuku esikhulu, futhi kuboniswa Museum thematic:

• zomlando;
• kubhaliswe;
• isikhumbuzo;
• ezinikele ngamaholide;
• wenza imicimbi isiko (yokuvuka, imishado);
• ohloniphekayo;
• abacaphuni.

Ezikhathini zasendulo, Tula Gingerbread njalo bakhonza kuya yasebukhosini, isabelo sokudla kwenkosi. Phela, zabizwa ngisho ku "Tale Wabadobi MENHLANZI."

Futhi lokho Museum?

Ngemva kokuvakashela Museum, ungabona ngazitholela nalokho amakhukhi okukhiqizwayo nemigubho (ezifana esenzeka ngalo Battle of Kulikov), owabekwa behlonipha Ivana Susanina njengoba migilingwane immortalized kwamasosha kule impi Russian-Turkish ka 1870. izinto Special nge motifs we 1812 neMpi Patriotic sebededeliwe, kanye abazinikezele impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Varyag".

Awukwazi kuphela ukubukela kodwa futhi ukuba adle: ukudayiswa kuhlale Gingerbread isikhumbuzo futhi itafula yokunambitha. Ukuze izivakashi ihlelwe itiye break.

Namuhla e Tula usebenze namafemu amabili ukwenziwa Gingerbread:

• "Yasnaya Polyana".
• "Old Tula".

Ingabe unentshisekelo Tula zokungcebeleka nge makheli? Amaphasiwedi kanye Gingerbread Museum khona: Okthoba emgwaqweni, 45a. Ukunikezwa kusukela yelishumi ekuseni kwaze kwaba ihora lesine ntambama.

Tula samovars

Njengoba thina Besakhuluma Gingerbread netiye, ingasaphathwa Tula samovars. Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi lokhu yafika Russian, okuyinto eziningi umthelela emasikweni, imikhuba kanye nemithetho yokuziphatha, reception, umsebenzi emphakathini.

Iningi onobuhle amadala - kuyinto izinkuni. Ngaphandle Tula, ekhiqizwa workshop enjalo, elise eMoscow Petersburg, kanye esifundazweni Vyatka futhi Yaroslavl, ezindaweni eziningana. Tula ithuba makwaziwe ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuthi isondele kakhulu eMoscow, ngokuchichima imali. Babonisa ngokwabo nezingcweti zendawo, ababengazange bathathe phezu ukukhiqizwa nokwenziwa ngcono mikhiqizo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Eziningi zalezi Tula ifektri ngesikhathi esifanayo wenza samovars nezibhamu. Ngaleso isikhathi ezingokomlando emsebenzini wabo kakhulu ngendlela amahlanu! Iningi abephesheya koMlambo uhlangothi emzaneni. Kulapha wasebenza amakhosi edume kwekhulu le-19:

• UNikolai malikov.
• Ivan batashev.
• Vasiliy Lyalin.

Samovars ekhiqizwa kusuka yethusi nickel-esiliva, zegolide kanye ehlotshisiwe silvering. Kodwa isisekelo njalo wathela ovela ngethusi. Kusukela ngekhulu ekhulwini, imfashini uyashintsha, okuyinto abathintekayo imikhiqizo okwenyanga. Kodwa izindlela zokukhiqiza, Isimanga siwukuthi, cishe awekho Ushintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuze yokukhiqiza samovar ezinhle futhi kudingeka ukuba namuhla:

• Kobylin;
• gnedku;
• nokunamathisela ngomthofu;
• Metal sikelo;
• nensimbi;
• isitembu.

Kakade ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX ke lalaziwa engaphezu kwekhulu zokwaluka samovars. Engxenyeni Ngasekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka lesibili kwaba umuzi waba isikhungo samovar. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa kokuzihlanganisa hhayi kuphela edolobhaneni kodwa futhi emizaneni eseduze.

Samovars nokuduma zabo

Kunzima ukucabanga embukisweni we-Russian Folk yezandla ngaphandle samovar. Abakhiqizi eyaletha onobuhle engcono, kwanikezelwa izindondo, kabani ke mikhondo gqizisa ezindongeni imikhiqizo emisha. Ngokufunda ezikhangayo yesimanje ye Tula, isithombe kanye nencazelo emfushane, qiniseka ukuba banake Museum of samovars, okuvumela ukuba uthole ukwazi ngokuthe ngqó ukuthi ukudala izinto engcono.

Namuhla Tula uyaqhubeka ukuba maphakathi ukukhiqizwa samovar. zezinhlobo Ezinhle imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa kulezi zindawo zidayiswa hhayi kuphela e-Russia kodwa futhi emhlabeni wonke. Tiniketwe eSitatimendeni okungcono isikhumbuzo izitolo. izinto Vintage kukhona emaqoqweni yangasese kanye amaqoqo iminyuziyamu ezinkulu.

Tula nezikhali

Esinye isici esizoheha emlandweni Tula izivakashi kanye nabahamba ukwazi - a ukukhiqiza isikhali. It usumisiwe kula mazwe kusukela lasendulo ke, futhi le mboni kuqala angavulwa oda koMbusi Petra Velikogo. Namuhla ungavakashela emnyuziyamu ekhethekile, etshela ngomlando lempi edolobheni futhi mayelana kuphi futhi kanjani ukwenza isikhali. Phela, ezinsukwini esidala esenziwa e Tula isikhali kwakubhekwa omunye the best in the world!