Thyristors - Iyini? Umgomo we operation nezici thyristors

Thyristors - amandla ukushintsha electronic kulawulwa awangaphelela. Ngokuvamile, izincwadi lobuchwepheshe, ungabona omunye igama kule divayisi - onomzali injongo thyristor. Ngamanye amazwi, ngaphansi kwethonya isiginali ukuzibamba, udluliselwa umbuso owodwa - esiqhuba. Uma olucacile, sifaka neketanga. Lokho-ke ivaliwe, kubalulekile ukudala izimo ezikhethekile ukuthi ahlinzeke udedele zamanje ngqo phezu kwengungu zero.

Izici thyristors

Thyristor okhiye ukuqhuba ugesi kuphela isiqondiso phambili, futhi kungaba ukumelana ngqo hhayi kuphela isikhundla avaliwe, kepha voltage reverse. Isakhiwo thyristor ezine-ungqimba, kukhona iziphetho ezintathu:

1. I anode (okhonjiswe incwadi A).
2. I cathode (incwadi C noma K).
3. I electrode esangweni (U noma G).

Ngo thyristors babe wonke umkhaya zamanje yamandla aphindeke kabili izici, angasetshenziswa ukuze nahlulele isimo isici. Thyristors - a okhiye enamandla kakhulu electronic, bayakwazi ukufeza izifunda ukushintsha, zinamandla bengase bazikhandlele volts 5,000 kanye amperage - 5000 amperes (imvamisa asisikhulu kunenkosi 1000 Hz).

thyristors Umsebenzi DC

thyristor Jwayelekile ivuswe ngu kokunikeza ishayela zamanje ukuba ukuphela control. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele sibe sihle (mayelana cathode). Isikhathi umthwalo lezivakashi imvelo engaphansi (exhasa, esebenzayo), amplitude futhi ngesilinganiso ukuvelela ishayela samanje wesifunda control, izinga lokushisa kwe-crystal Semiconductor kanye voltage isicelo kanye wesifunda yamanje thyristors etholakalayo. Izici wesifunda kuyinto encike ngqo kwi uhlobo element Semiconductor.

Kuleso sifunda, lapho thyristor okungukuthi, engamukelekiko nesenzakalo ngesilinganiso voltage kuyanda. Okungukuthi, value enjalo lapho nokuguqulwa usuke isici (ngisho noma akunasiginali yesifunda control). Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo e isitshengiselo control kumele kube emthambekeni eliphezulu kakhulu.

izindlela off

Izinhlobo ezimbili ukushintsha thyristors yilezi:

1. Yemvelo.
2. Ephoqelekile.

Futhi manje kabanzi mayelana ngamunye. Yemvelo kuphakama lapho thyristor usebenza i wesifunda AC. Futhi ingabe lokhu uguquko lapho wamanje uwela zero. Kodwa ukuze bafeze le usuke ophoqelelwe kungaba ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene. Yini ukulawula thyristor ukukhetha umthuthukisi ukuxazulula wesifunda, kodwa kufanele ukhulume uhlobo ngalunye ngokuhlukile.

Indlela ejwayelekile kakhulu ukuxhuma ophoqelelwe uguquko capacitor eye icala kusengaphambili ngokusebenzisa inkinobho (key). LC-wesifunda likhona wesifunda ukulawula thyristor. Lokhu uchungechunge iqukethe capacitor ligcwaliswe ngokuphelele. iyehla iyenyuka zesikhashana zenzeka wamanje umthwalo wesifunda.

uguquko Izindlela ophoqelelwe

Kunezinhlobo eziningana uguquko ophoqelelwe. Ngokuvamile esetshenziswa wesifunda, esebenzisa capacitor usuke kokuba polarity emuva. Ngokwesibonelo, capacitor kungenziwa luvulwe ku circuit esebenzisa thyristor asizayo. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukudedelwa kuya oyinhloko (ukusebenza) thyristor. Lokhu kuyophumela enkulumweni ukuthi umsinga capacitor buqondene oqondile thyristor main zamanje, kuzonciphisa samanje wesifunda phansi zero. Ngenxa yalokho, kuyoba off thyristor. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi idivayisi thyristor has izici zayo siqu ukuthi ahlukile kuye.

Kukhona futhi izikimu lapho LC-exhunywe chain. Akhishwe (futhi Ukwehlukana). Ekuqaleni osenyameni zamanje siza isisebenzi, kanye namagugu abo emva ukulungiswa sivaliwe thyristor. Ngemva uchungechunge zamanje oscillatory odabula thyristor ku diode Semiconductor. Ngakho, uma nje notshwala yamanje thyristor sisetshenziswa zinamandla. It modulo ilingane iconsi voltage yonkana diode.

thyristors Umsebenzi AC izifunda

Uma thyristor kuhlanganiswe wesifunda AC, kungaba kwenziwe imisebenzi enjalo:

1. Vumela noma vimbela wesifunda kagesi nge asebenzayo-resistive noma umthwalo resistive.
2. Guqula isilinganiso kanye RMS zamanje okuyinto sidlula umthwalo, ne ikhono lokulawula isiginali ukunikezela ukulawula.

Ngo thyristor okhiye, kukhona esinye isici - baqhuba samanje isiqondiso eyodwa kuphela. Ngenxa yalokho, uma ezifundeni kudingekile ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokwabelana ngamafayela, kudingekile ukusebenzisa uxhumano esiphikisayo ngokulinganisa. anamuhla yamanje futhi ngokwesilinganiso kungahluka ngenxa yokuthi isikhathi isignali phezu thyristors ezahlukene. Kulokhu, amandla thyristor kumelwe nezidingo ezincane.

Indlela yokulawula isigaba

Lapho isigaba ukulawula indlela uhlobo nge ophoqelelwe usuke umthwalo ukulungiswa kwenzeka ngokushintsha engeli phakathi izigaba. usuke Artificial kungenziwa esebenzisa izifunda ekhethekile, noma ikuphi lapho kumele usebenzise ngokugcwele ephethwe (lockable) thyristors. On isisekelo yabo, ngokuvamile enziwa idivayisi ishaja thyristor, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba ulungise ngamandla wamanje , kuye ngokuthi ezingeni kwebhethri.

isilawuli Pulse ububanzi modulated

Ibizwa nangokuthi PWM kwezwi. Phakathi kuvulwa isignali ukulawula yanikezwa thyristors. Izinguquko zivuliwe, futhi zinamandla umthwalo. Phakathi ukuvala (phakathi lonke ushintsho inqubo) sidla isiginali control, yingakho thyristors musa ukuqhuba zamanje. Ekwetfulweni ukulawula isigaba ijika yamanje sinusoidal, ushintsho ifomu isignali voltage. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona futhi ukuphazamisa abathengi abaqaphela okusezingeni eliphezulu imvamisa thuthuva (ukungavumelani kuvela) kukhona. Design Simple has a Regulator thyristor, okukuvumela akunankinga ukushintsha value oyifunayo. Futhi akudingekile ukusebenzisa Latro okukhulu.

thyristors lockable

Thyristors - lena ukushintsha enamandla kakhulu-elekthronikhi asetshenziswa ekushintsheni voltages okusezingeni eliphezulu nemisinga. Kodwa kukhona benayo icala elikhulu - control akuphelele. Futhi uma ngokuqondile, kubonakala sengathi ukucisha thyristor kuyadingeka ukudala izimo wamanje oqondile kuzoncishiswa zero ngaphansi kwazo.

Kuyinto lesi sici ziwumthwalo abanye imingcele ukusetshenziswa thyristors, futhi inkimbinkimbi circuit okusekelwe kuzo. Ukuqeda nemiphumela ethile engathandeki ezinjalo, umklamo okhethekile thyristors, okuyinto zivaliwe isignali kwenye ukulawula electrode zenzelwe. Zibizwa ngokuthi dvuhoperatsionnymi, noma ikhiyiwe, thyristors.

Umklamo we thyristor Abathandeki

Four-ungqimba isakhiwo p-n-p-n kusukela thyristor has izici zayo siqu. Babanike sihluke thyristors ezivamile. Manje uya kungxenye egcwele control. Lamanje yamandla aphindeke kabili isici (static) isiqondiso phambili kuyafana ukuthi we thyristors abavamile. Nazi nje thyristor zamanje ngqo bangadlulisela kakhulu nge value. Kodwa ekuvimbeni okusezingeni eliphezulu reverse voltage umsebenzi e thyristors ikhiyiwe singanikezwanga. Ngakho-ke, kumelwe ixhumeke anti-parallel le diode Semiconductor.

Sici isici esangweni ujike-off thyristor - iconsi okuphawulekayo voltages phambili. Ukuze unqamula, nokufakwa kufanele kube okukhiphayo kokulawulwa ishayela enamandla wamanje (negative, endaweni isilinganiso 1: 5 ukuba Inani lamanje ngqo). Kodwa kuphela ububanzi ishayela kufanele kube njengoba encane ngangokunokwenzeka - 10 ... ms 100. thyristors Lockable inomkhawulo ukubaluleka engezansi voltage zamanje kunokujwayelekile. Umehluko mayelana 25-30%.

izinhlobo thyristors

Ngenhla babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli lockable, kodwa kukhona namanje izinhlobo eziningi Semiconductor thyristors, okuyizinto futhi kokusho. Esikhathini ezakhiwe ezahlukene kakhulu (amashaja, ukushintshwa, amandla nabalawuli) zisebenzisa uhlobo oluthile thyristors. Endaweni ethile edingekayo ukulawula eyenziwa usinika ecucuza ukukhanya ke, wasebenzisa optotiristors. Sici Its wukuthi crystal Semiconductor isetshenziswa circuit control, okuyinto ebucayi ukuze ukukhanya. Amapharamitha thyristors zihlukile, zonke izici ukuthi ahlukile kubo. Ngakho-ke kuyadingeka okungenani umqondo walokho izinhlobo Semiconductors, kukhona futhi lapho kungasetshenziswa. Ngakho, nakhu lonke uhlu kanye izici eyinhloko kohlobo ngalunye:

1. Diode-thyristor. Ilingana lesi sici - the thyristor ixhunywe ku anti-parallel Semiconductor diode.
2. diode Shockley (diode thyristor). Yena ungaya esimweni conduction egcwele, uma idlule zinamandla ezingeni elithile.
3. Triac (sym thyristor). Ilingana - thyristors ezimbili kufakwe anti-ngokulinganisa.
4. Thyristor inverter okusheshayo isivinini usuke okusezingeni eliphezulu esihluke (5 ... 50 ms).
5. Thyristors ukulawula FET. Ngokuvamile, uyakwazi ukuthola ukwakhiwa ngokusekelwe Mos transistors.
6. thyristors Optical, olawula ukugeleza ukukhanya.

Ukuqaliswa kwalesi sakhi yezokuphepha

Thyristors - amadivayisi okuyizona ezibalulekile ngesilinganiso ukuvelela phambili voltage wamanje kanye phambili. Kubo, njengoba i-diodes Semiconductor, libhekene lo mkhuba ukugeleza reverse yokutakula zamanje, okuyinto fast kakhulu futhi ngokucijile uwela zero, unezela kulokhu amathuba yokwanda. Lokhu overvoltage kungenxa yokuthi ngokushesha okuvimba samanje zonke izakhi ze-wesifunda, kufanele inductance (ngisho ultra inductance ongaphakeme sici Umhlangano - izintambo, ithrekhi ikhadi). Kute kwetfulwe Ukuvikelwa kudingekile ukusebenzisa amaqhinga ahlukahlukene ukuze uvumele izindlela ashukumisayo ukuvikela voltages okusezingeni eliphezulu nemisinga.

Ngokuvamile, impedance exhasa umthombo voltage, okuyinto lafakwe yokusebenza thyristor wesifunda, inenani yokuthi ingaphezu okwanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho okunye zihlanganisa ezinye wesifunda inductance ezengeziwe. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngo umkhuba njalo wasebenzisa chain kumiswa ukushintsha indlela okuyinto kwehlisa izinga kanye nezinga yokwanda circuit lapho thyristor icishiwe. Capacitive-Resistive uchungechunge kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe ngalezi zinhloso. Ihlanganisa thyristor ngokulinganisa. Kukhona impela izinhlobo ezimbalwa wesifunda ukushintshwa izifunda ezifana, kanye namasu ekubaleni zabo, ipharamitha ekusebenzeni thyristors ezimeni ezahlukene kanye nemibandela. Kodwa indlela uchungechunge kumiswa ukushintsha Abathandeki thyristor kuyafana ukuthi we transistors.