Symbol ezifundeni kagesi. Okunemibandela izimpawu sokuqhafaza incwadi

Uma wenza kanjalo umsebenzi kagesi, qiniseka udinga ukwazi izimpawu ezifundeni kagesi. Ikhono lokufunda wiring imidvwebo - i izinga ebalulekile fitters, imishini Locksmiths, abakhi chain. Futhi uma ungenayo ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile, nje ukuqonda yonke imininingwane nobunyonici akunakwenzeka ukuba aphumelele. Kodwa kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi izimpawu kule imidwebo ukuthi isakhiwa ukuze abathengi Russian zihluke amazinga ngokuvamile esamukelekile phesheya - eYurophu, e-USA ne-Japani.

Umlando izimpawu kule imidwebo

Ngisho nasezikhathini Soviet, lapho unjiniyela kagesi isungule ngokushesha, isidingo ngezigaba amadivayisi futhi ukuqokwa kwabo. Yingaleso sikhathi-ke kwaba khona uhlelo iyunifomu ngomklamo imibhalo (ESKD) namazinga kazwelonke (GOST). Zonke izilinganiso ezifanayo ukuze noma imuphi unjiniyela wakwazi ukufunda izimpawu kule imidwebo nozakwabo.

Kodwa ukuze senze zonke ubuqili kudingeka ayilalele eziningi izinkulumo futhi ufunde nezincwadi eziningi. GOST - idokhumende omkhulu futhi ngokugcwele ukuhlola zonke izimpawu graphic Ubukhulu yabo ejwayelekile, amanothi cishe akunakwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, kumelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi abe "ishidi ukukopela" kancane azosiza eMpumalanga ezihlukahlukene izingxenye kagesi.

Wiring e imidwebo

Wiring - yigama elididiyelayo, kwakusho nge umqhubi, babe ukumelana aphansi kakhulu. Ngosizo lwabo, voltage budluliselwe kusuka umthombo ugesi kumakhasimende. Kuyinto Umbono ovamile, njengoba kukhona izinhlobo eziningi wiring.

Abantu abaqondi amaphethini kanye nezici wiring, bangase banqume ukuthi umqhubi - kuyinto ikhebula ukushisa namakhaza exhunywe kwi-ukushintshwa nezinyawo. Kodwa eqinisweni kukhona izinhlobo eziningi babashayeli, futhi kuboniswe emaphethini ngendlela lehlukile.

Imihlahlandlela on izikimu

Ngisho iminonjana ithusi kwi amabhodi kagesi textolite - lo mhlahlandlela, ungasho ngisho ukuthi le nguqulo izintambo zikagesi. It ezikhonjiswe ezifundeni kagesi ngesimo umugqa oqondile yokuxhuma esukela ngesinye sezinqumo kwenye. Ngendlela efanayo kukhonjiswe kulo mdwebo kanye ephezulu voltage wire kagesi umugqa ungenisa emasimini phakathi kwezinsika. Futhi in the amafulethi yokuxhuma izintambo phakathi izibani, ukushintshwa nezinyawo kuthiwa yi- iziqu esifanayo ngqo.

Kodwa kungenziwa ihlukaniswe subgroups ezintathu isiqu izakhi conductive:

1. Izintambo.
2. Amakhebuli.
3. uxhumano kagesi.

Wiring uhlelo - Incazelo ayilungile njengoba wiring okuhloswe ukuba ukwakha izintambo futhi izintambo. Kodwa uma kakhulu ukwandisa uhlu lwezinto esidingekile iqhinga enemininingwane, kuvela ukuthi udinga ukufaka Transformers ngaphezulu, wesifunda amadlambi, amadivayisi asalile zamanje, isisekelo, insulators.

Enethiwekhi ku izikimu

Enethiwekhi - a uxhumano-plug-in zenzelwe uxhumano non-ngesandla esiqinile (kukhona inketho ngesandla unqamule uxhumano) izifunda. Izimpawu e imidwebo lokwelekelela kulawulwa GOST. Ngalo imithetho ukuze ubheke imidwebo amadivayisi kanye namadivayisi ukukhanyisa nezinye abathengi ezihlukahlukene kagesi. Izikhoxe uhlobo zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu:

1. Njengoba iklanyelwe i-surface obandayo.
2. Yakhelwe lokukhuphula ezishaywayo.
3. Unit ehlanganisa kundawo kanye inkinobho.

Lezi zigaba ezintathu kungenziwa olunye ihlukaniswe subgroups eziningana, kuye ngokuthi okukhethwa uxhumano nobukhona Ukuvikelwa:

1. Single-pole enethiwekhi.
2. Bipolar.
3. Kabili esigxotsheni, futhi oxhumana zokuzivikela.
4. Laba bobathathu-pole.
5. Three-pole, futhi oxhumana zokuzivikela.

Ngalesi ngokwanele, ikakhulukazi akukho Izitolo, kukhona ezahlukeneyo eziningi. Wonke amayunithi ngezinga elithile Ukuvikelwa, ukukhethwa kumele kwenziwe esekelwe oda lapho izimo kumele zisetshenziswe: ezingeni umswakama, izinga lokushisa, khona umthelela lokukhanda.

I izishintsha phezu imidwebo wesifunda

Ishintsha - idivayisi ngawo circuit kagesi siphukile. Lokhu kungase kwenziwe imodi ngokuzenzekelayo noma mathupha. Ezilawulwayo okunemibandela sokuqhafaza notation izivakashi, kanye nganoma ezijwayelekile. Isikhundla incike izimo lapho isici, umqondo design ke, degree of ukuvikelwa ukusebenza. Kunezinhlobo eziningana imiklamo of ukushintshwa:

1. Single-pole (kuhlanganise double futhi kathathu).
2. Bipolar.
3. Laba bobathathu-pole.

Umdwebo ezidingekayo ukuze ukhombise nemingcele zedivayisi ukuzihlalela. Futhi sokuqhafaza izimpawu Ukubonile yini lokho uhlobo ukusetshenziswa: inkinobho elula, inkinobho latching futhi ngaphandle idivayisi acoustic (ukusabela ukotini) noma optical. Uma kukhona isimo ukuthi ukukhanya esitshalweni uma kuba mnyama yalo wavala ekuseni, ungasebenzisa i inzwa optical kanye nokulawula nesifunda esincane.

Fuses (nokunamathisela fusible)

Kunezinhlobo eziningi amadivayisi zokuzivikela - fuses (alahlwayo kanye self-ukuphulukiswa), wesifunda amadlambi, RCD. A sebuningini izinhlobo samuntu, izicelo, ezahlukene isivinini yokusebenza, ukuthembeka kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemibandela ethile ebonakala lezi amadivaysi. Symbol Fuse - ngokufana okukhona isikwele ukuze ohlangothini olude umqhubi sidlula isikhungo. Lena into kuyindlela elula kakhulu nengabizi ezingaba ukuvikela i wesifunda kagesi kusuka short circuit. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi zingxenye kuyaqabukela asetshenziswe kagesi imidvwebo kwendikimba. Izimpawu uhlobo oluhlukile kungatholakala - ke self-ukuphulukiswa fuse, okuyinto ngemuva kokuvula wesifunda isimo sokuqala.

Isihloko Wide fuses - fuse. It esetshenziswa kumadivayisi amaningi, ekusabalaliseni ugesi. Plugs ezilahlwayo babahlangabeze. Kodwa zikhona namanje amadivayisi asetshenziswa ephezulu voltage Switchboards. Basuke ikhipha ezenziwe metal ezikhumulweni kanye main izingcezu sobumba. Ngaphakathi kukhona ingxenye umqhubi (esigabeni yayo cross kuyakhethwa kuncike ekutheni lesi samanje esiphezulu udabula wesifunda). Umzimba Ceramic ligcwele isihlabathi, ukuqeda kungenzeka ukuthungela.

amadlambi Circuit

Izimpawu Imishini enjalo kuncike version, degree of ukuvikelwa. idivayisi esebenza lingasetshenziswa njengoba inkinobho elula. Eqinisweni, wenza njengoba fuse, kodwa kungenzeka wayengomunye wabo ukuze uthumele esimweni saso sokuqala - ukuze niqede ukujikeleza. Umklamo siqukethe izinto ezilandelayo:

1. izindlu Plastic.
2. Isigwedlo ekushintsheni futhi off.
3. strip Bimetallic - it is zikhubazekile ngesikhathi bafudumale.
4. Iqembu contact - ke likhona i wesifunda kagesi.
5. I umshushuluzo arc - ikuvumela ukuba balahle izinhlansi futhi lwesikhathi ngesikhathi Ukukhipha.

Lawa izakhi ezakha iyiphi full wesifunda. Kodwa kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi emva kokuhlinzwa kwakhe ngeke ukwazi ukubuyela ngokushesha isikhundla kokuqala, kuthatha isikhathi ukuba kuphole strip bimetallic. ukuphila inkonzo umshini ulinganiswa inani imisebenzi futhi luyehluka in the uhla 30000-60000.

Isisekelo ku izikimu

Isisekelo - umqhubi uxhumano umshini kagesi lamanje noma idivayisi yakho nge phansi. Ngakho njengoba nje umhlaba, futhi ingxenye idivayisi wesifunda has a engemihle. Ngenxa ukubhidlika isisekelo umzimba ingalandelwa yinoma yimuphi ekubhujisweni kudivayisi noma umuntu abanjwe ugesi, lonke icala ingena emhlabathini. Isisekelo kuyinto lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo izivakashi:

1. Umbono ovamile zomhlaba.
2. Pure Earth (noiseless).
3. Avikelayo isisekelo hlobo.
4. uxhumano Earth (izindlu) zedivayisi.

Kuye onjani phansi isetshenziswa circuit, uphawu zizohluka. Indima ebalulekile udlalwa izikimu ukulungiselela umdwebo isici, ke kuncike kokubili circuit ingxenye ethize, futhi uhlobo idivayisi.

Uma kuziwa ubunjiniyela yezimoto, kuyoba khona "mass" - umqhubi ezivamile exhunywe kwi emzimbeni. Endabeni ikhaya wiring - ayisa babashayeli phansi uxhumeke kwi-enethiwekhi. Izifunda logic akumelanga siphanjaniswe "digital" futhi phansi ezivamile - yizinto ezimbili ezahlukene, futhi basebenza ngendlela ehlukile.

motors kagesi

I imifanekiso izimoto kagesi, izitolo, amadivaysi ngokuvamile kakhulu ungathola motors kagesi. Futhi kule mboni ngoba kuka 95% wabo bonke izinjini esetshenziswa - kukhona indlela squirrel yezinyoni. Basuke kuboniswa embuthanweni, okuyinto uvumelane babashayeli ezintathu (isigaba). imishini enjalo kagesi zisetshenziswa ngokuhlanganyela actuators kazibuthe kanye nezinkinobho ( "Qala", "Yekani", "Reverse", uma kunesidingo).

DC motors asetshenziswa izicelo yezimoto, i-izinhlelo zokulawula. Sinenkosi Windings ezimbili - ukusebenza nokushayela. Esikhundleni zokugcina odonsa unomphela ezisetshenziswa ezinye izinhlobo izinjini. Ikhoyili excitation kudala kazibuthe. It odlulela Rotor we motor, eye oppositely iqondiswe ensimini - idala isilonda.

wire Imibala

Endabeni amandla owodwa esigabeni ukunikezela nge umqhubi isigaba has omnyama, ompunga, onsomi, pink, obomvu, osawolintshi, ikhayeni, umbala omhlophe. Ngokuvamile ungathola Brown. Lokhu kwaba ukuqala kwamukelwa futhi lisetshenziswe ukufakwa ukulungiselela izikimu. Zero umqhubi ephawulwe:

1. Blue - the kokungathathi hlangothi (N).
2. Yellow nge umugqa oluhlaza - Ukuvikelwa Ground wire (PE).
3. ilebula Yellow nge aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye emaphethelweni - a babashayeli zokuzivikela futhi singathathi hlangothi ehlangana.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ilebula okwesibhakabhaka kufanele usetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Symbol ezifundeni kagesi kufanele futhi ube nenani inkomba yokuthi kukhona khona tags. Umqhubi kumele ikhonjiswe uhlu PEN.

On injongo obusebenzayo zonke babashayeli zihlukaniswe ngale ndlela:

1. Wire omnyama - ukuze ushintshe amandla izifunda.
2. Izintambo ezibomvu - I-compounds zokulawula, izilinganiso, mkhosi.
3. Babashayeli blue - Control, Kukala, kwakha mkhosi wokusebenza DC.
4. Blue umbala Ukumaka ekhiqizwa umqhubi hlangothi.
5. Nephuzi - ucingo for isisekelo nokuvikelwa.

namagama Alphanumeric emaqhingeni

Isiqophi kukhona uphawu kule imidwebo wiring zimi kanje:

• U, V, W - wiring isigaba;
• N - umqhubi kokungathathi hlangothi;
• E - phansi;
• PE - wire wesifunda zokuzivikela;
• TE - a komsele komsindo-free compounds;
• MM - umqhubi exhunywe kwi izindlu (isisindo);
• SS - umqhubi equipotential.

Isikhundla ku imidvwebo wiring:

• L - incwadi isiqu (inani) yisigaba ngasinye;
• L1, L2, L3 - 1st, izigaba 2 kanye 3rd, ngokulandelana;
• N - wire hlangothi.

Ngo DC izikimu:

• L + futhi L- - izigxobo emihle nemibi;
• M - umqhubi ophansi.

Lokhu kusho ukusebenzisa iZwi Balisebenzisa kakhulu imidwebo imidwebo. Bona ingatholakala izincazelo amadivayisi elula. Uma udinga ukufunda kumadivayisi schema eziyinkimbinkimbi adinga ulwazi oluthe xaxa. Phela, kusekhona izingxenye asebenzayo, yokwenziwa, amadivayisi logic, izingxenye Semiconductor, nabanye abaningi. Futhi wonke umuntu isiqu sakhe kulombhalo.

ASB emazombezombe izakhi

Kukhona amacebo amaningi ukuthi ukuguqula kagesi. It inductors, Transformers, sokuqala esiminyanisa. Symbol transformer izifunda - the ohlobo ezimbili (aboniswe njengoba ezintathu semi imibuthano) kanye nengaphakathi (ngesimo umugqa oqondile ngokuvamile). Lisho umugqa oqondile umnyombo transformer steel. Kodwa kungase kube design transformers ukuthi ungenalo core, kulesi simo, isifunda phakathi ohlobo lutho. uphawu isici okunjalo kungatholakala amasekethe umsakazo eyamukelayo apharathasi, isibonelo.

Eminyakeni yamuva, inqubo isetshenziswa kancane njalo transformer steel womshini transformers. Kuyinto enzima kakhulu, kunzima ukungena umnyombo ipuleti, kukhona i-buzz lapho ziba ngcono. Kuyinto kuphumelela kangcono kunokuthi ukusetshenziswa core ferromagnetic. Ziyakwazi okuqinile, ube permeability efanayo kuzo zonke izindawo. Kodwa emithambekeni kwakungase yayinesithiyo esisodwa - yinkimbinkimbi ukulungisa, njengoba disassembly futhi godu kuyinkinga. Symbol transformer core kunjalo akukho sihluke ukuthi lapho steel isetshenziswa.

isiphetho

Akukona konke Amatshwayo izikimu kagesi, ubukhulu yezingxenye futhi kulawulwa GOST. Ngisho imicibisholo elula, okuhlangana amaphuzu nezidingo, abadonsele wenziwa ngokuqinile ngokuvumelana nemithetho. Udinga ukuba banake esinye isici - umehluko ku izikimu eyenziwe amazinga yasekhaya futhi ukungenisa. Empambana babashayeli phezu izifunda ngamazwe esiqokiwe umkhumbi. Kodwa nokho kukhona into ezifana indaba emfushane - isithombe into ngaphandle sokuhambisana nezidingo izivakashi ithanda zona lezi zici. nezimfuneko ezithile zisebenza indaba emfushane kakhulu. izithombe ezinjalo kungenziwa ngeso lengqondo design esizayo, izintambo. Ngenxa yalokho, kwenziwa umdwebo lapho abizwa ngisho okunemibandela izintambo nokuxhumana zivumelana amazinga.