Iyini incwadi yezikhalazo neziphakamiso. Indlela yokwenza incwadi yezikhalazo?

Kusukela ezinsukwini zeSoviet Union babekholelwa ukuthi okhalazayo ongaphakeme, ihlazo futhi okuyihlazo. Nokho, lapho kwephula ngqo amalungelo abathengi, kukhona iyazihlonipha izinga lenkonzo, noma nje ufuna ukuphakamisa into ukuthuthukisa isevisi ngaphandle Ukubuyekeza ongakwazi ukuzenza. Izikhalazo kanye neziphakamiso - ithuluzi ephelele elikuvumela ukuzwa inkonzo umdayisi amakhasimende abo.

On izitshalo kufanele kube bhuku ukuze izikhalazo?

Incwadi imibono neziphakamiso ezidingekayo zokuvikela amalungelo abo. Ngokomthetho ngamalungelo abathengi, incwadi izikhalazo kanye neziphakamiso kufanele zibe khona nakanjani:

• ezitolo okudayisa;
• amathilomu nezindawo zokudlela (ngokudla izindawo);
• emotweni amasevisi (izinkonzo siqu);
• Pharmacy;
• e izibhedlela nemitholampilo;
• e izinwele nobuhle nokucwala;
• iminyuziyamu;
• Amaphoyisa Precinct e amaphuzu;
• at wesitimela iziteshi kanye zezindiza;
• emahhovisi izindlu;
• eposini;
• amabhange;
• e sanatoriums ihlobo amakamu.

Okusho ukuthi, noma kuphi lapho abanye abantu sihlinzeke izinhlelo kwabanye, ukuba incwadi yezikhalazo neziphakamiso. Izibuyekezo ungabhala kuyo yonke comers, kungakhathaliseki ubulili kanye nesimo nomphakathi.

amalungelo umthengi

Umthengi kudingeka aqonde isevisi abampofu, ukuba luhlaza umdayisi, ukuthengisa izinto ichithekile kumelwe akayekwa. Kulokhu, bhala emihle noma ukubuyekeza emibi kungaba noma yimuphi umuntu. Izikhalazo Incwadi ikhishwa isicelo sokuqala umthengi. Kulokhu, umthengisi unelungelo ukubuza umuntu okhalazayo ukunikeza imibhalo. incwadi Imbangela funa futhi libuyekeza umthengi akaphoqelekile ukulibiza.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isisebenzi sikaHulumeni kufanele ahlinzeke hhayi kuphela ncwadi ngokwayo, kodwa futhi:

• aziphathi;
• ithebula;
• esihlalweni.

On isikhalazo ekuphathweni kumelwe angaphenduli ezinsukwini ezingu-14. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uma umdayisi ungibelesela ngokuthi incwadi esinjalo (elahlekile, okwamanje alethwe) - lokhu ukwephulwa okuyiwona inkampani ungathola emihle emikhulu. Zona ncwadi ukuze uthole ukusikisela lungase lufane lutho: notebook, notebook enkulu, notebook jikelele, inqobo nje uma kufanele kuboniswe ukubekwa uphawu olukhethekile wax seal Amakhasi zibaliwe. Uma kungenjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi isimangalo ngeke ubone ubuholi.

Yini okufanele ukwazi ikhanda?

Nokho, lapho abathengi bazi amalungelo abo. Ngisho kangcono uma zazi imisebenzi yabo abaholi. Ukuze nezimo ezingajabulisi namakhasimende Angenelisekile lalilincane, futhi zazingekho izincwadi umthetho isiRashiya, umqondisi ngamunye ngesikhathi inkampani yakhe kudingeka incwadi yezikhalazo neziphakamiso. Imiyalelo obonisa indlela efanele ukwenza notebook ukuze ibuyekezwe lapha ngenzansi:

• Kungcono ukuthenga incwadi ngomumo eyenziwe e spetsmagazine. Lena ngempela idokhumenti sina, ukubukeka esithinta ngqo isithombe yenkampani.
• Ekhasini ngalinye, udinga ukubeka phansi inombolo (kule aphansi noma ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokudla).
• Incwadi uqinisekile ukuthi ziboshelwe ndawonye, futhi zona kanye izintambo zezicathulo uphawu. udinga nibeke uphawu phezu kwalapho kuhlangana khona seal incwadi (uma kungenjalo, ungase ufake isiginesha yakho). Lokhu kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kwakungenakwenzeka buthule breaking uphawu.

Okwamanje qinisa ncwadi ukubuyekezwa kanye iziphakamiso ungapheli. Nokho, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi isidingo bahlelekela idokhumenti ngokuhambisana nemithetho yendawo. Uma esifundeni akuyona ukwamukelwa of imithetho ephathelene incwadi yezikhalazo, kutuswa ukusebenzisa oda Ministry of Commerce, 1973 №346.

Ukuthi amakhasimende ukubhala?

Yiqiniso, akuhlali ukuphathwa ufunde izibuyekezo ezimbi zodwa. Ngezinye izikhathi amakhasimende kucocela ku notebook nakho emnandi. Ngokuvamile, encwadini izikhalazo neziphakamiso elungisa:

• Thuthuva emkhakheni wemisebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuba luhlaza, ukwenqaba ukwamukela impahla engaphephile emuva.
• Ukuhlukunyezwa igunya kungafaka ukudayiswa "ngaphansi counter" noma ophakamisa amanani kuzobazuzisa.
• okubuyayo mayelana abasebenzi futhi izimpahla. Lapho inkonzo ngokugcwele anelisekile.
• Iziphakamiso ngcono izinga lomsebenzi.

Inhloko lokhu kunikeza ithuba ukubheka ibhizinisi lakho kusukela ngaphandle, ukuze yenze ibe ngcono. Ukuze amakhasimende, lokhu ithuba lokuthi alalelwe.

Njengoba kufanele anezinhlaka ncwadi iziphakamiso?

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi "otzovikom" kungaba yisiphi notebook, umthetho Russian kudinga abaphathi ukuhambisana imvume efanele. Izikhalazo kanye neziphakamiso, ngokuvumelana Isinqumo Uhulumeni №55, kufanele:

• ube nenamba ekhasini ngalinye (kwakungenakwenzeka buthule ukuhlwitha ikhasi kusukela emazwini engathandeki);
• kube lizwakalise;
• encwadini kufanele kube isitembu kanye nesiginesha ikhanda;
• Ikhasi lokuqala kufanele libe idatha zomthetho noma ngokomzimba ibhizinisi;
• ngempela phambi irejista imiyalelo kuyaqondakala ngoba iqedwa (ishidi olulodwa kumazwana, kanti eyesibili - ukuze uphendule kukho);
• umthengi kumele uthole amakheli nezinombolo zocingo notebook nabalawuli (isib, Rospotrebnadzor).

Kubalulekile ungalahlekelwa noma isiphi salezi izinto, ikakhulukazi encwadini design bebodwa.

Yini okufanele uxwayiswe?

Amasiko art abakwazi ukudlula into enjalo eliqhakazile ncwadi abese esho ngengila. LaseChekhov ngale ndaba kukhona ezihlekisayo indzaba lemfisha, eseyenza inhlekisa le abathengi ngenalwazi. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, ngokuvamile ezihlekisayo izingxenyana ezicashunwe encwadini eshicilelwe ngo ngokuthi "Ingwenya" magazini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo thina waphakamisa movie adumile: ". Nikeza incwadi yezikhalazo"

Lapha ekucasulayo nje umthengi ngokuvamile akuyona neze indaba ehlekisayo, ikakhulukazi uma enqaba ukukunika incwadi ukubuyekezwa. Lokho kufanele wazise iklayenti:

• nokwenqatshwa kokunikezwa izizathu uyimbudane ( "kakade uvala", "awuboni, sinalo kwasemini," "encwadini ethi isheke evela kumqondisi");
• ukuhlinzeka elingenalutho umsebenzi izincwadi noma amakhophi encwadi izikhalazo kanye neziphakamiso.

Zombili lezi zibonelo - ieala zokuphatha. Esimeni sesibili kuba inkohliso ngamabomu umthengi. Umthwalo, cishe, uzobe iletha yi umdayisi yobuciko. 14,15 kweKhodi Administrative. Umphathi noma umlawuli kumele eduze ukuqapha izikhalazo okwalandela ngemva kokubuyekezwa. Ngokuvamile, izisebenzi ngokwabo ukubhala udumo emva izimangalo ukuba "iwukudambisa okungekuhle." Lokhu akwamukelekile neze.

Kuphi funa incwadi Izibuyekezo?

Ngokuvamile, encwadini izikhalazo kanye neziphakamiso kumele litholakale ngokukhululekile. Ngokwesibonelo, endaweni yokuthengisa. Ukuze iklayenti wakwazi ukuthola wakhe. Uma lena lilindelwe neminyango ambalwa, bese "otzovik" kufanele kube kwelinye nelinye lawo. Nalapha futhi, uma cafe noma yokudlela, okuyinto has amakamelo amabili noma ngaphezulu, ngamunye wabo kufanele ube losegameni ibhuku layo.

Ngokuvamile, umthengi angathola idokhumenti "Corner of umthengi", eduze ophumayo. Uma iklayenti ungayitholi notebook yamarekhodi, isisebenzi sikaHulumeni iphoqelekile ukuba inikeze ke. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, umthengi, ngaphezu izincwadi, udinga ukunikeza ngesitulo, ngokubhala ebusweni nokubhala ngezinto zokudlala umculo ngokwazo.

Kanjani ukuze bakhononde ngamamaki kwesokudla?

Ngakho isimo kuyadida kwenzeka lapho kusabusa sencwadi ka izikhalazo kanye neziphakamiso. sokuqedela nabathengisi Sample abakwazi ukunikeza (kuvele ingekho). kanjani ilungelo kuMlawuli isimangalo wezwa futhi uthathé isinyathelo?

I algorithm:

• ekhasini lokuqala enetheni emva amarekhodi udinga ukubeka usuku wamanje;
• Kufute ubhale egameni layo isimangalo;
• udinga ukushiya imininingwane yakho yokuxhumana kanye uphawu (nezikhalazo engaziwa ekuphathweni akaphoqelekile ukuphendula).

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izimangalo zibhaliwe ifomu mahhala, kubalulekile ukuhlonipha imithetho esingashiwongo sokubhaliswa kwalo. Ochwepheshe batusa:

• Hambisana isitayela olusemthethweni.
• Gwema ukuthukwa nezethuko ngokumelene nabathengisi.
• Akubalulekile ukuba asuke kuncike ku inkulumo ezinde, ukoma umbhalo isikhalazo, kanye, kunalokho, ukubhala izimpendulo emfushane kakhulu ( "yekhwalithi ephansi izimpahla," "umthengisi anolaka").
• Kungcono ukwazi kahle ukuthi umthetho wephule abasebenzi.

Ngezinye ukugcinwa lezi ziqondiso Kungenzeka ukuthi ekuphathweni kuyoyixazulula inkinga, ozokusiza incwadi yezikhalazo neziphakamiso. Ngokwesibonelo izimangalo kungenzeka kanje:

"11.10.2016 ngonyaka.

Lapho uthenga imikhiqizo yobisi, ngathola khona emashalofini kwezimpahla yisikhathi. Kubandakanya ichithekile cottage shizi, impilo eshalofini siphelile, lo 11/05/2016. Sicela uthathe isinyathelo.

Anton Ivanov, isignesha, inombolo yocingo, ikheli (e-mail, eqinisweni). "

Ungase futhi ucacise ku khumbula, ukuthi uma akaphenduli ekuphathweni ke uya emagunyeni aphakeme.

Njengoba mayelana isimangalo?

Ngemva ezilandelwayo izimangalo umsebenzi kufanele sibike leso simo ukuze abaphathi enkampani. Kungcono ukunikeza incazelo ku ingxenye yabo. umqondisi yezikhalazo kubhekwe kuphela ebukhoneni isisebenzi, ubani owayiloba.

Ezinsukwini ezimbili umphathi kumelwe baqonde isimo, ukuthatha isinyathelo futhi zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi ezinhlanu ukuthumela obhekiswe umfakisicelo. Futhi encwadini iziphakamiso kufanele avele impendulo evela kubaphathi. Amakhophi izimpendulo ezibhaliwe kumele agcinwe inkampani ngonyaka ikhalenda. Uma izinsuku ezinhlanu kuyinto elibanzi akwanele ukuxazulula inkinga, sokubuyekezwa singase siwathole kuze kube 14. Nokho, isicelo sale kumele waxwayisa ngokubhala.

Impendulo isimangalo Kuphoqelekile, kodwa manje ukungezwakali kwawo akubhekwa i ukwephulwa zokuphatha. Ziyisijeziso, ngokulandelana, singanikezwanga. Nokho, kungase kube inkinga neziphathimandla ephakeme.

isilawuli abanekhono

Uma umthengi athole amasonto amabili futhi ubona ukuthi uphendule Ukubuyekeza bakhona abazange, akukho iphuzu ngokubhala isimangalo esisha. Cishe, ngaphambi ukuphathwa kungazange kufinyelele incwadi yezikhalazo neziphakamiso. Izithombe isicelo ne lusuku nekusayina zingaba ubufakazi njengoba engaqondile Ukushiywa emizimbeni ephakeme.

Lapho obungenza umthengi kulokhu:

• Rospotrebnadzor;
• uMnyango impahla namasevisi;
• State Trade Ukuhlolwa.

Kungcono ukubhala izenzakalo eziningi. Ukuze uthole impendulo esheshayo Kunconywa ukuthumela incwadi bhalisiwe, noma sikhululwe mathupha. Bhala isikhalazo kudingekile amakhophi amabili (elilodwa ukuhamba ngo).

Yiqiniso, asikwazi ukuphendula luhlata, izimpahla yisikhathi, amanani aphezulu kanye nokunye ukwephulwa, kodwa ke akekho umuntu ukuvikela amalungelo abathengi. Futhi abathengi banelungelo kuphela sisekhanda lakhe.