Sergey Alexeev, "Umlando serf umfana": isifinyezo

Njengoba ayaziwa eMbusweni Russian amakhulu amaningi eminyaka kwakukhona into fanekiso ubugqila. Lalibizwa ngokuthi serfdom. Kulesi inqaba babengabantu abavamile ngubani nje wenze leyo nhlanhla azalelwe emkhayeni ompofu.

Umlobi owaziwa Sergey Alekseev enikelwe ngale ndaba indaba yakhe "Umlando serf umfana." Isifinyezo umsebenzi ake thola futhi ufunde biography of kumdlali.

umbhali Russian Alekseev

Sergey Petrovich Alekseev kakhulu ekuphileni kwakhe enikelwe ngokubhala zezingane kanye nezincwadi zomlando. Futhi akumangalisi, ngoba wazalwa i zobudokotela umndeni bokusungula (1922).

Ngenxa yokuthi uyise umkhuba edolobhaneni sifundazwe Pliska Kiev (namuhla kungenxa insimu ka-Ukraine), umlobi esizayo kusukela ebuntwaneni ukuxhumana abalimi hhayi amahlebezi ukwazi ubunzima babo.

Lapho Alexeyev waphenduka 10, abazali wakhe bathuthela eMoscow, lapho ephothula esikoleni esiphakeme. Wayenesifiso Sokuvelela insizwa Wayefisa ukuba umshayeli, okuyinto engena esikoleni zezindiza komuzi ukubeka (manje ensimini ka Belarus) ngo-1940

Kusukela ekuqaleni Omkhulu Patriotic Sergey Alexeev, kanye nabanye amasosha wayiswa Orenburg Flying School. Ukuhlala Orenburg, Alexeyev balithanda umlando parallel esikoleni phathelana wahlanganyela kusihlwa izifundo uMnyango umlando ekolishi uthisha wendawo.

Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, insizwa waqala ukufundisa kwalo. Nokho, ngenxa yokulimala ngesikhathi indiza ukuqeqeshwa, yena waba ngokushesha waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye yamabhanoyi futhi waqala ukubhalela.

Ekuqaleni, umbhali sesikhathi esizayo ngokuhlela umsebenzi zabanye abantu, futhi ngo-1955 waqala ukusakaza bebodwa. imisebenzi yakhe yaklonyeliswa imiklomelo eminingi (State Prize zase-USSR, Lenin Komsomol Prize, Diploma G. H. Andersena), kanye ehunyushelwe ezilimini ezingu-50 ku-.

Isihloko lokusungula Sergeya Alekseeva kwaba umlando lempi Empire Russian kusukela maphakathi nawo XVI leminyaka.

Lezi zincwadi edume kakhulu lo mbhali - "Eyikhulu Izindaba yomlando Russian", "Amagama Omkhulu", "Umlando serf umfana" (isifinyezo sezinto nezahluko VI - IX amaphuzu), "Tales Suvorov nasemasosheni Russian" nabanye.

Sergey Petrovich washona ngo-May 2008 lapho ngineminyaka engu-engu-86. ithuna lakhe kuze kube emathuneni of Peredelkino, lapho namuhla Ongoti ongabeka izimbali.

Tale "Umlando serf umfana"

Ngo umsebenzi Alekseev izenzakalo ngokuvamile zomlando ziboniswa ngokusebenzisa Umbono yezingane. Ngokwesibonelo, encwadini ethi "The Ngokuphila Nokufa Grishatki Sokolova" usitshela kuvukela Pugachev yonkana indaba bomfana, iqhaza kuwo.

Nokho, indaba yesiteleka kakhulu lolu hlobo iyona "Umlando serf umfana" (isifinyezo - e VI - IX amaphuzu).

Okokuqala eshicilelwe lo msebenzi kusukela ngo-1958 futhi kumakwe ukuvela umlobi ezintsha futhi mlando ezincwadini zezingane.

Isakhiwo indaba

Le ncwadi siqukethe izahluko ezine. Ngamunye wabo uchaza isikhathi sokuhlala protagonist kwenye impi. Ngakho ngamunye izahluko ihlukaniswe izingxenye eziningana: "Goody Moor Ermolaevna" (7) "Dasha" (12) "Niqaphe uLieutenant" (8) "master Elihle" (7).

indaba Ingemuva

Ngaphambi kokuba ucabangele isifinyezo incwadi "Umlando serf umfana" kuwufanele azi mayelana nenkathi engokomlando ngesikhathi lapho zonke izenzakalo zenzeka.

Uhlaka isikhathi kungenziwa nomkhawulo inkathi ngasekupheleni 80 sika - zakuqala 90-yalolucwaningo. Ekhulwini XVIII. Lokhu kufakazelwa iqiniso lokuthi Mitya Myshkin ihlangabezana nowayenguNgqongqoshe ibutho labavukeli ka Emelyana Pugacheva, kanye umholi elikhulu lempi Aleksandrom Suvorovym e ukuthunjwa Ishmayeli. Ngaphambi ukuqedwa serfdom (1861) iminyaka engaba ngu-70, okusho ukuthi isigaba senceku ka-Imperial Russia (ngokulambisa esehlise umoya ngemva Pugachev) hhayi kuphela akuthathi enqabeni njengoba abantu, kodwa aphathe kamatima owengeziwe. Cishe, yingakho le nkathi wakhethwa Alexeyev, ukukhombisa wonke amanyala serfdom.

Protagonist yencwadi

Ngaphambi azijwayeze okufingqiwe indaba "Umlando serf umfana" ayelingana ekutholeni ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana uhlamvu wakhe oyinhloko.

Uzungu igxile isiphetho izinyane iminyaka eyishumi okuthiwa Dmitriy (Mitya) Myshkin emzaneni Zakopanka. Naphezu yobudala bakhe abasha futhi ukuntuleka kwemfundo, yena zihlakaniphile, wasisebenzisa kahle futhi benesibindi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lo mfana nemizwa isithunzi nobulungisa. Ukulungele ukuze asize lo muntu othandekayo, ngisho nalapho kungase kusho ukufa kubo siqu.

Isikhathi ngasinye, uya okuyinhloko omusha, ivela, ukufunda emaphutheni esidlule. Ngenxa yalesi ezahlukweni zokugcina Mitya empeleni kakade ekhetha iqembu ekhaya.

Kuyinto ukuzinikela uzinake, okuyinto uyakwazi lokhu umfana. Ngakho, ephindiselela ukufa intombi yakhe Dasha, uzishisa uyaphila kule icala. A kunenze nisondelane phezu Vyazemsky uLieutenant, umfana ukudansela isiginci sakhe naye emphini. Nokho, lapho umuntu ephula izwi lakhe futhi Man ilahlekelwa umngane wakhe ngendlela enesihluku futhi abaseduze, Myshkin ifike Ufaka aphethe.

Ukuphishekela konke lokhu kwenza, naphezu isibindi sakhe futhi ukuba nezeluleko ezinhle, Mitya uhlala nengane, ngiphuphe ukubuyela wokukhathazeka kubazali bakhe. Kodwa indaba yokugcina Myshkin iphenduka ibe luhlobo luni ezingaba Pugacheva, bayaqaphela ukuthi Sebawoti ezinhle azenzeki.

"Umlando serf umfana": isifinyezo sezinto isahluko "Lona wesifazane Moor Ermolaevna"

Ekuqaleni noveli Mitya - ujabule ingane ngokunganaki, hhayi fully aware of BABE ke kusho ukuthini ukuba serf. izindaba Okungalindelekile kuye ekubeni lokho bakhe noma abazali bakhe enophephela ukuthengisa.

Ngenxa yokuthi endalini okwenzeka ekwindla (lapho le nqaba akuyona ikakhulukazi zenani), omunye Zakopane is awathengiwe. Nokho, ngaphambi kokuthi kuvalwe ukujabulisa Isalukazi has iso lakhe umfana futhi bargained ngoba ruble 3 yena.

senkosikazi okusha, umfelokazi isikhulu sebutho, wayempofu kakhulu. Komthombo engenayo kwaba impesheni yakhe ngomyeni wakhe. Nokho, imali kwaba ngokulambisa ngokwanele ukugcina indlu little amancane ku 3 okulala, engotsheni, umjondolo namabhati.

Ngaphezu Miti, uwayehlalise wayesalokhu 2 serfs: Barbara kanye Arkhip.

Besihlala ifa amaMoor Ermolaevna abampofu futhi kuyisicefe. Ukukhangwa eyinhloko lo wesifazane ubanjwe enza izigqila ngeMigqibelo. Lokhu kwakwenziwa yini okwenza inkonzo, futhi oda. Ingane akakuthandanga lesi simo sengqondo, futhi bezama ukuvikela yena nabanye, wambeka lapho isiswebhu.

Umfana ngasivuma bakuphi, le ntokazi wamfaka Gusyatnikov. Wethuka, Mitya ngephutha wabulala omunye goose. Ngalesi senkosikazi nesihluku ngesiswebhu kuye lapho libanjwa induku.

Kamuva ekuphileni Myshkin bebabi kakhulu, ngakho-ke unqume ukusebenzisa.

Isifinyezo noveli "Umlando serf umfana": Isahluko Sesibili ( "Dasha")

Eceleni ezibonakalayo nesizotha Mitya lady inikeza zikanokusho izindlu Novgorod ka Ukubala Alekseya Guschina (Barabiha). Lokhu wohlanga olukhulu kwabonakala kaningi, ngakho ngaso sonke isikhathi e-estate esakhiwe umphathi wakhe German Franz-Neumann.

Uma ukubala uye yafuna ukuphathwa ukulungiselela iqembu le-orchestra serf kanye yaseshashalazini loNyaka Omusha. Neumann baqala ukubuthana abalimi othambekele ukudlala umculo lonke County. Uma waba nethuba ukuzwa indlela Mitya (ngaleso sikhathi wabelwa ziklaba goose) udlala imitshingo. Ukuhlola ithalente guy Franz walithenga kusukela amaMoor Ermolaevna 2 amasaka oats futhi feather embhedeni ubudala.

Estate Barabihe waba mkhulu. Kukhona wahlala eningi serfs, kanti nesimo sayo sengqondo maqondana nabo kwaba izikhathi eziningana kunelika ngayo umniniso wasekuqaleni. Kancane kancane, lo mfana esetshenziswa futhi wenza nabangani nge umculi osemusha okuthiwa Dasha.

Naphezu kwazo zonke lezo Mitya ezinhle yahamba endleleni ebaleka. Lamfica wathumela ekuphishekeleni abesabekayo Huntsman oyisimungulu Fyodor. Nokho, akazange azinikele amaJalimane mbaleki, futhi isikhathi eside ukufihla kuyo indlu yenja yakhe. Ngokushesha, lo mfana wenze abangane nendoda futhi ngathola ukuthi ngolimi ukuthi wakhipha ngenxa iqhaza Pugachev.

Lapho Myshkin Franz wathola, nsizwa sakuzwa. Kodwa-ke kwaphuma Dasha futhi Fedor.

Kwakuthandeka kufike uNyaka Omusha, weshashalazi kwaba ukubuyekeza ingubo. Dasha odlale indima enkulu futhi ngephutha wawa. Umphathi wafuna ukumshaya, kodwa Mitya wasukuma. Ukubalekela ulaka amaJalimane, izingane wagxuma engena amakhaza. Egqoke izingubo ukukhanya waseshashalazini le ntombazane yayingakaze umkhuhlane futhi ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa asebefile ngenxa yalesi sifo.

Ukufuna ukuziphindiselela wakhe, Mitya wokhelwa endlini lapho kwakuhlala amaJalimane. Yard akuyona ikakhulukazi uzama ukulondoloza umphathi nalabo ababezama kwavinjwa Fedor yisimungulu bani ngephutha kubhekwe umsunguli umlilo.

Myshkin inzuzo efanayo isimo, uyabaleka.

"Onogada uLieutenant"

Njengoba sesifunde isifinyezo "Umlando serf umfana" izahluko ezimbili zokuqala, kubalulekile ukwazi: iyini lwesithathu.

Uma endleleni emva Ukuphunyuka, protagonist cishe eba yiqhwa ekufeni - phela ubusika. Wasindiswa isiphathimandla edlulayo. Wayefuna ukuba lidele lo mbaleki, kodwa Mitya wakwazi ukunqoba phezu kwebutho, washiya umfana ekhaya.

Umnikazi omusha Aleksandr vasilevich Vyazemsky, kwaba uLieutenant we-Imperial Life Guards ibutho. Umfana ubuhlelekile yakhe, futhi kakhulu linamathele kuye.

Duel Ngenxa Vyazemsky wahamba wayokulwa abaseTurkey. Esabela ukuphila inceku esencane, wayefuna ukuhamba naye ku indawo yakhe, kodwa Mitya banquma ukuhlala phambi kwenkosi yakhe.

Bamba iqhaza empini wokubamba kaIshmayeli, isikhulu abasha babonisa isibindi, kodwa walimala futhi ngacishe ngafa. Ngenhlanhla, Myshkin wangena indlela ukuya empini, futhi wakhipha master kwabonayo. Lokhu kwaba waqaphela futhi ukhishwa yena Suvorov abasha iqhawe indondo.

Ukubuyela Petersburg, Vyazemsky e ayasazisa ekulondolozeni usethembise neze ukudayisa umfana. Kodwa ngolunye usuku, ukudlala amakhadi, isikhulu ukubeka Mitya kusengozini. umfana Ukushabisa awazange alinde umphumela party babaleka.

"Nkosi Okuhle,"

Ukufunda "Umlando serf umfana," ukubekwa ngamafuphi kwesibopho ezahlukweni ezintathu, sekuyisikhathi ukuthola ukuthi yaphela le ncwadi.

Ngemva ekuphunyukeni Myshkin wazulazula inhlokodolobha ziyofuna ukudla. Ngesikhathi emakethe wagijima ibe serf ka Zakopanki - Curves Sawa. Wembula ukuthi abanikazi wangaphambili waya yimali futhi ithengiswe off cishe bonke abalimi umhlaba. Abazali balo mfana manje okungewakho Jikelele Yusupov, ngubani ngoba inhliziyo enhle eyaziwa.

Sawa wathatha umfana uyise nonina, owacabanga ufile.

Inkosi entsha okudutshulwa ekhanda, lapho khona ezinye izinkinga psyche. Ngakho umfana njalo ophoqelelwe ukudlala imidlalo yabo yinqaba futhi sengathi isosha ke indlovukazi. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, ukuphila kwaba Meath ezinhle.

Ngemva konyaka, umnumzana wacabanga ukuthi akazange bahlelekela imibhalo ukuthengwa Myshkin futhi ethumela inceku yakhe Count Goushchin. Ukusuka lapho, amasosha ezombopha umfana ngokuqala umlilo. Eqaphela ukuthi ezinhle akuyona phezu, umfana wabalekela iqembu aphethe.

Udaba kwendaba

Ngemva kokufunda okufingqiwe "Umlando serf umfana," Alexeyev, kuhle ukucabangela izinkinga umsebenzi.

Okokuqala, umlobi wazama ukubonisa unya serfdom nangesimo sengqondo bestial ukuba abalimi emakhosini azo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, indaba umehluko kuyabonakala social phakathi kwabanini bomhlaba kwabacebile nabampofu. Umbhali ulandisa indlela kanzima abanikazi bamazwe abampofu ukuze recoup serfs yabo. Ngakho Moor Ermolaevna masonto onke babhaxabulwa nezigqila, abanikazi lokuqala Miti ngaphandle ukuzisola ukuthengisa abalimi, akesabi wokuhlukanisa imikhaya.

Ayikho ngaphansi ngokucace okubonisa unya sokucasuka ukuyekelela. Uma Isalukazi ajeziswe iqhawe ngoba imizamo yakhe ukuze abaleke, umnikazi ekhungathekile lomfana kuhlelwe ukubathobisa futhi idunyazwe nje yokuthi Mitya kwaba nendondo ngenxa isibindi, futhi - akukho.

Enye isiqephu efanekisa namanenekazi unya, kwaba indaba ukwelashwa yenkosi uTheodore ( "Umlando serf umfana": isifinyezo sezinto isahluko sesibili).

Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu okungenhla, Sergey Alexeev encwadini yakhe uthi ithalente nokuphana akuncikile iziqu. Phambili Kunenkolelo Ukufana Suvorov futhi Mitya okuyinto peterburzhskikh abasebenzi abaphathi kubhekwe upstart. Kodwa nokho zombili - abantu nesibindi ezihloniphekayo, naphezu ivelaphi hhayi ngokuphelele esihle.

Sergeya Alekseeva indaba "Umlando serf umfana" (isifinyezo e VI - IX amaphuzu) ingenye izinto Soviet nezincwadi Russian. Umbhali wakwazi hhayi kuphela ukutshela ngokuphila kwansuku zonke serfs, kodwa futhi sisenze sithakazelise ukuze abafundi ngisho lanamuhla ragela lencwadi.