Rabi - indoda owazi ukuchaza komthetho wamaJuda

Igama elithi "Urabi" ka imikhondo amaningi nobunzima. Ubani abakubiza amaJuda - umshumayeli, umpristi, noma nje abe ukwazi Torah indoda? Lo mbuzo uphendulwa ngezindlela ezahlukene futhi kaningi eziphikisa. Ukuze uqonde kahle zonke, masizame ukuqonda ndawonye.

Umsuka wegama elithi "Urabi"

Ukuze uqonde kangcono, phakathi kwamaJuda bani kungenziwa ngokuthi urabi, khumbula ukuthi igama lesiHebheru "Rabi," lisho ukuthi "uJehova," noma "Uthisha wami." Sekuyisikhathi eside esetshenzisiwe kuqhathaniswa la madoda ayizifundiswa futhi abaholi abangokomoya - okungukuthi, kulabo kwahluka ngolwazi lwakhe, ngakho unelungelo babe nesimo sengqondo ikakhulukazi ehloniphekile.

Uma sibheka ukuphila kwethu, umlando, wathi elithi zaqala ukusetshenziswa imayelana 1. n. e. Ngisho kubafundi eTestamenteni Elisha ngenhlonipho zibhekisela kuJesu: Rabi. Futhi ngenkathi ITalmud Rabi - isiqu inikezwa emkhandlwini noma Talmudic Academy ubani owayenayo yokufunda eyanele, ungenza izinqumo ezinolwazi emkhakheni komthetho.

Kanjani ukuze ukhokhele umsebenzi Rabi

Phela, lo Orabi lokuqala ayitholanga imali le sevisi, ngakho baphoqeleka ukuba zihileleke kwezentengiselwano noma yimuphi umsebenzi, ukuze uthole ngamakhaya. Thola noma iyiphi inkokhelo kusukela emphakathini ubengase labo ababa uthisha, noma ngivalelwe izinsuku ezingu lonke ezinkantolo zorabi.

Uma uzama ukuchaza kafushane ukuthi yini umsebenzi oyinhloko ubona sengathi urabi, singakwazi ukusho lokhu: urabi - indoda oye wafunda kahle ngakhoke uyakwazi ukufundisa abuye ahumushe umthetho wamaJuda. Kuye kwakunokwenzeka ukufuna isixazululo iyiphi ezivukayo impikiswano zomthetho.

Orabi bebelokhu lihlonishwa abantu, umnyango emphakathini wamaJuda, futhi wayenamalungelo ezithile ngenxa yalokhu. Ngakho, ekupheleni kwekhulu le-15. imiphakathi yamaJuda baye akhethwe urabi bemholela iholo avamile, futhi eminye eqala, isibonelo, nayo ekwengameleni imfundo kanye nokubhekela imithetho ukusetshenziswa ukudla (kashrut), noma ezinye izinto ezibalulekile ngokulinganayo.

Ingabe urabi washumayela?

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umsebenzi wokushumayela futhi owayeyisithunywa sevangeli hhayi ngaphambili afakwe imisebenzi urabi, njengoba ebuJudeni ayikho into enjalo. Kodwa emphakathini ngaleso sikhathi ubona sengathi urabi - ngokuvamile futhi Cantor, Mohel (umuntu oqhuba yokusokwa izinsana Jewish) noma Shoher (slaughterer owenza ekuhlatshweni isiko). Okungukuthi, hhayi ngqo, kodwa ngo bawuhloniphe nezidingo Torah Orabi eyenziwa ulwazi zenkolo ukuba abantu bakubo.

Ubona sengathi urabi wakhuluma kaningi futhi nommeleli umphakathi ngaphambi kokuba iziphathimandla ezingamaPutukezi ukuthini lokho komsebenzi ezifana lokuqoqa izintela.

Emiphakathini emikhulu enkonzweni babe Orabi eziningana. Futhi Israyeli futhi UK, isibonelo, sekuyisikhathi eside khona ubona sengathi urabi induna izwe, isifunda nedolobha.

Imisebenzi ka-Orabi eRussia

Kuwo wonke amazwe lapho kukhona emphakathini wamaJuda, orabi ngokuvamile nomkhawulo umsebenzi wabo kuze kolo nezikole. Rabbinate ngokuvamile kufakwe kuhanjiswa uhulumeni, futhi umsebenzi wayo kulawulwa imithetho ekhethekile noma iziqondiso.

Ngakho, ngo-Tsarist eRussia yethulwa umthetho 1855 okuyinto edingekayo abantu kuchaziwe Orabi, abaqeqeshiwe esikoleni zorabi noma lokuthola imfundo izikhungo jikelele nemayunivesithi. Uma lezi ukhetho azihambanga, umphakathi wavunyelwa ukuba umeme ososayensi amaJuda abavela kwamanye amazwe (umthetho wokugcina uyekwa ngesikhathi esifanele).

Rabi Russia kwakufanele zazi ukuthi isiJalimane, isi-Polish noma lolimi Russian. isiphawulo Human, uhulumeni wesifundazwe eqokwe ukuba sikhundla lesisemtsetfweni, futhi waba okuthiwa urabi olusemthethweni. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi, njengoba umthetho, laba bantu abazange engenalo ulwazi oludingekayo ukuhlangabezana nokuziphatha emikhosini yenkolo, kuhlanganise nabo emphakathini, kwakube nokusitheka ubona sengathi urabi ezingokomoya, akhethwe umphakathi uqobo.

Wakhe ekhethwa iminyaka emithathu ngaphezu imicikilisho yokukhulekela ziwumthwalo isibopho ukuqhuba ukubeletha, kanye ukunquma isiphetho noma kuqedwa umshado.

Orabi esikhathini sethu

ERussia yesimanje, njengoba ngisho kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni, namuhla Orabi kwemiphakathi ngaphansi oyedwa egqoke isihloko "Ephakeme noma ubona sengathi urabi abakhulu." Lesi sihloko umsebenzi ngumholi we emphakathini wamaJuda wavunyelwa ngokomthetho ngo-1990

Ukugcizelela main emisebenzini urabi wenziwa imisebenzi kwezemfundo nezenhlalo. Iqhaza main imisebenzi yazo ababesonta, izintshumayelo, kanye nengxenye ezindabeni komphakathi wamaJuda.

Esikhathini sethu, Rabi - Ngokuyinhloko mholi wamaTibet abangagcini lifundisa kuphela Torah uyazi ubuqili izimfuneko zenkolo, kodwa futhi ngeke uyithole impendulo kunoma yimuphi umbuzo noma ukuxazulula izimo angalindelekile nzima. Rabi bangaba yimuphi umuntu ehloniphekile oqeqeshiwe. Kodwa lapha ukugcina ilungelo kunzima. Phela, noma yimuphi umuntu ehluleka kuye elinde Rabi Council, hhayi kuphela esisekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwawo siqu, kodwa futhi ukuhlakanipha kwenziwe ngokusebenzisa eminyaka.