PT-76 ethangini ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni: incazelo, izici futhi amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Ngaphambi nje kokuqala kweMpi Yezwe II ngo-eSoviet Union babe nesipiliyoni okukhulu kudalwa elintantayo izimoto zempi. Ngomnyaka wamashumi amane nanye iRed Army Nokho kwaba ngoxhaxha elikhulu inqubo enjalo, ngesikhathi ukulwa imisebenzi iningi izimo amabutho esitha ubhujiswe. Ezinye izindaba zika-mshini ngokucacile awuhambisani nezinjongo uhulumeni futhi ayikwazanga ngokwanele ukuba uqinise ibutho. PT-76 isampula - ithangi elintantayo, okuyinto kwaba ukukhululwa kwe-serial kushintshwe iminyaka post-yimpi. Ngezinye kwesisekelo salo ikhishwe ezimbalwa ezenezelwe. Cabangela izici izici amphibian.

Umlando sokudalwa

tank ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni PT-76 Kwakuhlelwe ukuhlomisa osezingeni inganono 76 mm. Kufanele bakwazi ethutha okuqinile inqolobane kanye nezinhlamvu bakwazi ukudlulisa izikhali ukuze amabili sisemoyeni. Kutfutfukiswa ubuchwepheshe obusha design bureau wathatha phezu isitshalo shipbuilding e Nizhny Novgorod ( "Red Sormovo").

Lowo mbhangqwana wokuqala ka prototypes senziwa ngo-1948. Ngeshwa, imodeli akazange bephumelela kulolo vivinyo, ngemva kwalokho ukuthuthukiswa wathatha Isikhungo Ezokuthutha Engineering Petersburg (Leningrad). Manufactures manje useqokwe kwaseStalingrad ezokuthutha isitshalo. Ukuphatha jikelele yephrojekthi eyenziwa zh. Ya. Kotin. Ngesinye isikhathi, phansi kobuholi bakhe wadala esindayo wezikhali self ezinezinjini. Ekhuluma ewukuhlakanipha okwenziwe phambili umklami wenza Shamshurin NF

Le phrojekthi ezintsha lithole Inkomba 740. Ehlobo lika-1950 olukhishwe i-prototype. Ngo ezinzima test entsha ukulwa imoto ekhanda uvelile esincintisana yayo (K-90 kusuka abakhiqizi eMoscow), ngempumelelo zonke izithiyo. Ngo-August 1951, into yabizwa ngokuthi "ithangi ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni PT-76" futhi wamukelwa.

izici design

Kubhekwe ibutho has a isakhiwo classical, ibhekisela ekilasini lula. Armored Corps has linezingxenye ezintathu:

1. umnyango ukuphathwa, ligcinwe umnsalo.
2. Ukulwa gumbi etholakala maphakathi umzimba, ifakwe umbhoshongo ukucushwa oyindilinga.
3. Amandla iphakethe at the ezingemuva izindlu. Kukhona injini diesel pair of amanzi Jets (asetshenziswa nini ngokokuqala ngqá ngesisekelo yaleli su).

Ukukhiqizwa serial imoto uqalwe kakade 1951. IMisa ukukhiqizwa kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-1967 ne iphayiphi Imininingwane wehla acishe abe yizinkulungwane ezine amakhophi. Ngo-1967, imishini isuswe kusuka inkonzo.

tank PT-76: Izici

Okulandelayo uhlelo Tactical futhi technical:

• isigaba yomkhiqizo - ithangi elintantayo.
• Ukukhiqizwa ngonyaka - 1951.
• Amatilosi - Amadoda amathathu.
• Leli lungiselelo wesifunda - zakudala.
• Ubude / ububanzi / ukuphakama - 6.91 / 3.18 / 2.19 m.
• zempi ukujiya - 5 kuya ku 13 mm, kuncike isikhundla (ekhaleni, izinhlangothi, phansi, umbhoshongo).
• Base - 4.08 metres.
• Track - 2.74 mm.
• Mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi komgwaqo - 37 cm.
• Ukubhukha Uhlobo - iphuma steel homogenous wamandla ephakeme.
• Ukwakhiwa kwezikhali - rifled isibhamu osezingeni 76 mm machine gun SGMT 7,62 mm.
• Shot ububanzi - kufika ku-12 km.
• thayipha emehlweni - sha telescopic TSHK-66.
• Amandla isitshalo - udizili V-6 esikhiqiza 240 amahhashi.
• Inkomba isivinini (esiphezulu) - 44 km / h emhlabathini, 10.2 km / h - ingaziki.
• Isisindo - amathani 14.
• Trench - 2.8 m.
• Cruising ezweni lonke / ntanta - 210/70 km.
• Ukumiswa - ngabanye torsion hlobo.
• amandla Specific - 17.1 amalitha. s / m.

Eziguquliwe observation nokuxhumana

UHlelo elintantayo FET-tank 76 ifakwe amadivaysi ezintathu periscopic okuyinto ahlelwe ujikelezisa turret nomyali. Zalapho zixhunywe uvalwe futhi unikeze umbono omuhle wokuba nomkhakha esincane.

Amadivayisi malande kahlanu ensimini umbono kanye 7.5 lamadigri emkhathizwe. Emaceleni kukhona periscopes TNP nge kokukhulisa olulodwa. Ukushaja izindawo ukubukwa Ungasebenzisa idivayisi olulodwa rotary eyodwa kuphela ukwandisa MK-4. Itholakala phambi dweba ku ophahleni lombhoshongo.

Imibandela non-combat, umshayeli igcina sezwe ngokusebenzisa dweba evulekile. Ezimweni ukulwa ukuze ibuyekezwe kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu kudivayisi ezidayiswayo. Ukuze ulawule umshini ezimweni yenkungu noma ebusuku wanikeza Binocular ebusuku umbono TVN-2B. Kuhlanganisa nesihlungi infrared, ukugxusha ngogesi futhi yokukhanya. Ibanga umbono imayelana 60 amamitha, lapho le engela degrees ngaphansi kuka 30.

PT-76 Tank: incazelo injini kanye chassis

Ngokwengxenye enkulu amandla iyunithi olucutshungulwayo kuyinto yesimanje motor ithangi amphibian T-34. Transmission nayo lathathwa imodeli. isivinini Good maneuverability emanzini ezinhle ukunikeza Jets amanzi. Ngalezi izakhi ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni ithangi PT-76 kungaba ngaphandle kwezinkinga ukuba banqobe amachibi, igcwele sezihlahla.

Kuyaqapheleka ongaphakeme ethize ingcindezi izicathulo phansi, eqinisekisa lula umshini empambana kakhulu namaxhaphozi. ukulwa ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni baba emfishane futhi kulula ukuzigcina futhi wabuye wathola wokubacindezela ukushaqeka wezinciphisi ukuthi basebenzisane ngabanye torsion ibha ukumiswa. Lezi ISIZINDA ahlinzeke ngcono amasu olubushelelezi bese ukhulisa sihamba ngesivinini esiphelele. I elintantayo ithangi PT-76 C 60 ifakwe uhlelo Ukuvikelwa NBC futhi othomathikhi mlilo. Ubuchwepheshe ubé kakhulu endleleni ophoqelelwe amamashi uhla amakhilomitha ofika ku-500.

ukulungiswa

Ngesisekelo Ukucabangela umshini ukhiphe ezimbalwa ezenezelwe. Phakathi kwabo:

1. Imodeli 76 mm isibhamu D-56TM nge chamber double nomlomo ukubopha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, enendawo kicker, umsakazo yangaphakathi, embonweni wasebusuku, ezishisayo idivayisi protivodymovoe. Ukuphakama izindlu luyanda 13 kwangu. Unyaka ngcono - 1957.
2. tank olwesimanje PT-76B ikhishwe ngo-1959. Inama ithuluzi biplanar D-56TS, lo ukuzinza emkhayeni kudivayisi STF-2P, ukupholisa ukufakwa enezihlungi. In the version kamuva efakwe giropolukompas.
3. Ngo-1967, ithangi efakwe ngaphansi ukucatshangelwa exchange rate PKT machine gun, uhlelo intercom P-123. Imoto kwaba enkonzweni e-Intelligence Corps kanye Marine Corps.
4. Ngesisekelo le PT-76 wadala armored izisebenzi yenethiwekhi BTR-50 iziqhumane ngoba missile izinhlelo "Luna", uhlelo kweminyango ukuze Kwamabhomu UR-67.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Eyokuqala sina Ukungqubuzana lempi PT-76 senzeka ngo-March 69 konyaka eVietnam. Iqembu izimoto nambili futhi armored izisebenzi abathwali ehlaselwa base Melika Ben Het ukubhubhisa ibhethri isibhamu. Inhloko PT-76 hit emayini, kodwa iqembu ayiveli oda futhi baqhubeka nomlilo. Izimoto asele langena ngxabano a Leli qembu ka "Patton" kanye pair of anti-aircraft imishini self ezinezinjini. I ukulahlekelwa wahlupheka zombili, kodwa ukuhlaselwa kabahlalanga ngemva kokushona amathangi amabili eyodwa izisebenzi armored yenethiwekhi.

Entwasahlobo ka ngonyaka 65th, India waphendukela eU.SSR usizo ukunikeza isivikelo ehlasela kunokwenzeka of Pakistan. izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni, batch lokuqala India wathola 65 ehlobo th. izwe Ubude kwase kunezinto ezimbili okufanele regiments yale mishini ingqikithi amakhophi angaba ngu-90.

Ngo-September 1965 PT-76 iqembu njengengxenye Seventh Regiment we abadabuka ePakistani umshini Indian ethumba ehlaselwa emzaneni. Ngenxa yalokho, isitha wakwazi wabhula, ukulahlekelwa ithangi omunye isandla sakhe. Phakathi ubutha India elahlekile yenkampani PT-76, ezinye zazo bathunjwa yi- Pakistan Army.

Ukuhlanganyela nezinye izingxabano zempi

Phakathi ukuhilizisana edume kakhulu ezihilela Ukucabangela umshini yilezi ezilandelayo ezimpini:

• Impi phakathi nasePakistan ngo-1971. izinsuku eziyishumi nane lokulwa yabhidlika noma yalimala 13 PT-76 amathangi, futhi abadabuka ePakistani abalahlekelwe yonke imishini esindayo. Kwakungesinye iminikelo enkulu ukuba ukunqoba.
• Impi ka 1967 (eziyisithupha Day) iGibithe no-Israyeli. AbaseGibhithe ku arsenal ukuthi bahlola izimoto 29. Nokho, ziye zasetshenziswa nezinye izinjongo. Ngenxa yalokho, izilinganiso ezingamakhulu amabili wabhubhisa 7 - aphonswe. Trophy onobuhle izrailtsy kabusha futhi efakwe kubo izingalo American.
• I Yom Kippur War ngo-1973 Kwaba khona abangu-the PT-76 ku-ingxenye laseGibhithe, futhi u-Israyeli.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, imoto nengxenye izimpi zaseYugoslavia futhi baya e Chechnya.

Ekupheleni

Manje ukukhanya ithangi ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni PT-76 futhi BTR-50 - olukhulu ezingadingekile "sintanta". Ngo-USSR basuke usasetshenziswa ngo-1967. imishini kunjalo elingasekho empini ziye kwakuqala ukwanda eMpumalanga Ephakathi futhi limatasa esetshenziswa. Okwesikhathi yayo, le ndlela waphumelela kakhulu, kokubili on zwe futhi on amanzi.

amathangi Khanyisa ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni ngenkuthalo zithunyelwe emazweni Warsaw Pact atheleka, kanye kakhulu pro-Soviet amazwe ase-Afrika futhi eningizimu-asempumalanga. izimoto Trophy baseGibhithe olwesimanje onjiniyela Israeli, futhi China ezikhishwe analog ayo ngaphansi kophawu u "yohlobo 63".