Northern abantu namasiko abo

Ngaphambili, izazi zemvelaphi nenhlalo yabantu abalwa izizwe 45 ezahlukene abahlala isimo sezulu esibi North. Bahlala ngamaqembu amancane, yilowo nalowo uba wolimi lwaso, amasiko nezinkolelo zakhe.

Ngobani izizwe osenyakatho?

Umqondo "izizwe North" uya buhlanjululwe igama elithi "ezincane". Ngokusho izibalo ezisemthethweni, lezi labo, inani abameleli ezingenakho idlule umbundu abantu abangu-50 000. Nokho, uma uhlu ngeke bakwazi ukuthola yibo namanje Udlule le nombolo, kodwa uhlala e-North, bedumisa emasikweni okhokho bawo lasendulo, kanye abathi le nkolo. Uma kwenzeka uma sicabanga izizwe eNyakatho Ekude kuphela izinombolo ezincane, ngaphandle kokuthi ulahlwe ngaphandle kusukela uhlu Komi, Karelia futhi Yakuts. Lena iqembu kahle esikhulu.

igunya lomthetho

Ngo-1995, saqala ukuvela uhlu ehlelekile ngaphezulu kwamaqembu ezinhlanga nezizwe zala North, abangagcini nje ukuphila ngaphansi kwalesi yingxenye Russia, kodwa futhi ukugcina amasiko nendlu. Lihlanganisa futhi Komi futhi Yakuts, ngubani ukuzalela reindeer. Bonke bahlala ezindaweni ezincane ezenziwe zendawo, imisebenzi ehlukene futhi ziyingxenye ukuhlukana ngokobuzwe ezinkulu. Abacwaningi njalo nje bexoxa ngendlela abantu eNorth naseSiberia, kusukela emazweni uhlalwe ngamaqembu amancane abantu baseRussia.

Ngo-1999, kuzwelonke akhethekile anikezwa definition ezengeziwe. Northern abantu baqaphela labo abahlala ensimini yayo, lapho kanye ixazululwe oyise, banolimi lwabo, ukugcina isiko lokusebenzisa lafananako ukudla futhi esihlala abantu abangaphansi kuka ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amahlanu. Empeleni, ososayensi baye isusiwe-30% we amaqembu abantu bendabuko.

Ngo-2000, ngokokuqala ngqa zonke izizwe encane North ifakwe ngendlela yomqulu ohlelekile. Uhlu 45 amaqembu odumile futhi namuhla yobuhlanga. Ngamunye wabo eyayihlala ensimini yayo, wahlanganyela zokudoba ezithile, futhi nabo bonke abanye abantu we Russian Federation, njengoba umthetho, ngokusebenzisa ukuhweba. Ngakho izici yemasiko zigcinwa futhi adluliselwa njengoba nengcebo amadlozi.

Cishe ishumi nesikhombisa yazo zonke lezi abantu akukho kuka 1,500 e ngezithako zawo.

Northern izizwe ngokucophelela ezihlobene imvelo. Bazama balukhulume emaphandleni ezizungezile, kubabulali umonakalo omncane.

Abaningi babo kwadingeka ngishintshe olwenzeka endaweni, kodwa ngokuvamile ngesikhathi esifanayo washintsha indawo abahlala eKosovo ngokuhamba umlando.

Amaholo

Kwaphela isikhathi eside abantu eNorth abangu kuphela ukwabelana omunye nomunye. Banika umkhiqizo ngokweqile futhi ukuthatha omunye ababewadinga. Me njengoba izimpahla ukusetshenziswa nsuku zonke, kanye umquba ahlukahlukene, amaminerali kanye nokunye.

Ezikhathini zasendulo, badlula nomunye, ngisho insengetsha, kusukela lapho ukudala amathuluzi okuzingela.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu ukudoba iningi laba bantu yilesi:

• reindeer;
• ukudoba;
• ukuhlangana;
• enza isikhewu soqalobhalo;.

Abaningi isimiso kufuduka yezinkathi ezithile, ngesikhathi lapho ukuzingela forays uzibophezele noma izindlela zokuhwebelana namanye abakhileyo la mazwe.

I Migration enkulu

Northern izizwe kakhulu okushintshiwe emva kweminyaka 10,000 edlule, izinguzunga zeqhwa zaqala ukugcwala amanzi. Phakathi nale ngxenye lo mkhuba amaqembu endawo yobuhlanga ababehlala engxenyeni ephakathi noma eseningizimu yaleli zwe, ke adluliselwe ezindaweni enyakatho.

Bangakwazi elibonakala amaqembu ngokolimi :

• Evens, Dolgan, Evenki, kanye nezinye izizwe eziningi eNyakatho Ekude kukhona iqembu Turkic futhi Tungus-Manchurian;
• Nenets, Nganasan, Selkup futhi Enets basonta izilimi umphakathi Samoyed;
• Yukagirs ukuze Paleosiberian, esihlanganisa konke alethwe elingakholelwa kuyo emiphakathini yakubo kwabantu bazo North naseMpumalanga Ekude;
• Khanty, Mansi futhi Sami eqenjini ehlukile izilimi Finno-Ugric.

Yukagir migede imidwebo kutholakele ezintabeni Angara. Manje benza esinye zonke bahlala engxenyeni esenyakatho Russia. Abaningi bagcina e-Arctic.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, nami ushintshe ulimi, futhi ngisho nokubonakala kokungqubuzana abayimizulane. umzimba wabo isetshenziswa ukuze uthumele frost ukumelana.

Isiko Abantu North

Injwayelo yokufuna ukuba uhlanga ngamunye uhlukile futhi inimitable. Naphezu izinombolo ezincane, inani labantu yobuhlanga Wafunda izilimi okhokho, ukugcina amasiko.

lwesigodi ngamunye, oyikhulumayo eyodwa noma bolunye uhlanga sehlukaniswe zenyathi eziningana ezahlukene.

Ngokwesibonelo, lapho babe zezigodi ezahlukene Chukchee engaba mihlanu. Ngamunye okuyinto sici endaweni ethize lapho behlala khona.

temdzabu

Abantu Bomdabu ukulondoloza ngokucophelela ezinganekwaneni zasendulo eyadluliselwa isuka ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. ezinganekwaneni zabo kungabhekwa njengesinyathelo into kwamasiko esiyingqayizivele. Abacwaningi basazama eqoshiwe zonke izikhonzi kwabantu basenyakatho ukuphinda uyixoxe izindaba. Ngosizo kubo uqonde ukuthi iziphi izinqubo zenzeka nalaba bantu ngoba emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka.

amaholide Traditional waphawula unyaka ngamunye kuwo wonke umlando wesizwe, abanye wazivelela. amasiko Singing, umculo, umdanso - bonke namanje walondoloza yimiphakathi yakuleyo ndawo.

isiko impahla

imiklamo Specific on izingubo ziwuphawu ngokwahlukana ngayinye abantu. Futhi, ngokuvamile ngo izingubo ezivamile northerners avele izigcawu kusukela ukuphila lomfanekiso wabo amadlozi. Ungabona Motifs amanzi phezu igqoka Amalungu alawo maqembu ezinhlanga bekwi ukudoba njengoba yokudoba ezinkulu. Izithombe avele inyamazane reindeer abelusi.

Ngamunye amaqembu abantu bendabuko libhekene izindlu okwakhelwe ngaphansi nendawo yokuhlala, izimo lomsebenzi. izizwe Nomadic ngokuvamile yimani niqonde izakhiwo zesikhashana ezingaqinile, ukuthi kungenziwa kalula zezikhali lokho kwakudingeka siye kwenye indawo.

Kepha ukudla, ngakho-ke abantu North is namanje walondoloza ngendlela yendabuko ukulondoloza ukudla - ome nabo. Lokhu kusenza esikhundleni imbala evamile. Ngokwesibonelo, inyama omiswe izinyamazane, inhlanzi, ezihlukahlukene amajikijolo, amakhowe, amakhambi ezivamile ezindaweni iningi North Russia.

Empeleni, laba bameleli ala maqembu ezinhlanga bekwi ukudla. Abanaso ukupheka inyama noma izithelo, amakhambi noma inhlanzi, zikhetha ukudla kubo okuluhlaza. Njengoba ungacabanga, lokhu kungenzeka ngoba lokushisa kuyaqabukela kunqoba zero.

inkolo

Elisenyakatho yeRussia wayengabambi Christian noma Muslim, futhi ubani omunye. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi kusele izinkolelo lasekuqaleni. Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ososayensi nezazi zemfundiso yenkolo. Ukumelwa bendawo ukuba ngokuphelele kuhluke kulokho ezinye izizwe.

Isaba khona okusezingeni eliphezulu lahlonishwa Labelaphi. Laba bantu abathandekayo Amapayipi amakhulu phakathi ezweni lemimoya nokuthi imvelo womuntu. Ikhonza njengabameleli odokotela bengqondo, odokotela kanye bafundisi benkolo.

Ngokusho abantu bomdabu, nemvelo - a eziphilayo. Konke ine umphefumulo futhi uyakwazi kokubili usizo kanye nokulimala. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi zonke izizwe North ngihloniphe nomoya wezilwane, amahlathi, izintaba izitshalo. Kubafanele nenhlonipho esikhethekile amadlozi. Ngenhlonipho efanele, zingabantu uqiniseke ukufuna ukusiza izihlobo zabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcina zonke isipiliyoni atholwe uhlanga phakathi ukhona.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, nemilingo laseNyakatho akuhlangene ne isiko Indian. Uma thina umfuziselo, kuyoba kakhudlwana voodoo okwesabisayo. Kodwa, ngokungafani mBhalo, Labelaphi zisebenzisa ulwazi lwabo ezinhle kakhulu.

Imininingwane zomlando

Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi iwumthombo labantu emhlabeni kuyinto EMesophothamiya isimo Sumerians. Kukholakala ukuthi abantu zazivela Egypt. Mhlawumbe abantu wokuqala waqala ukuhlola eChina noma eNdiya. Nokho, ngokunembile lokhu abathi akekho okwaziyo.

Kodwa kukhona zonke izizathu zokukholelwa ukuthi iRussia futhi uthi isimo omunye uthi endala. Northern abantu babehlala lapha iminyaka 9000 edlule. izikhali Kunalokho kutholakala futhi izinto zangamalanga asivumela ukukhuluma ngayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi ubufakazi amadala kodwa ukuze kutholakale.

Sinesithakazelo ngokukhethekile kule ndaba yilena Yukaghirs. Lesi sizwe ubhekwa endala kakhulu, kanye nezimpande zaso kungenzeka ukuya Hyperboreans wasenganekwaneni. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, kumelwe zibhekwe njengezindawo okungamelwe okhokho amaChukchi, njengendlela yabo yokuphila Lifanele for e-Arctic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bakude ngaphambi ezinye izizwe ezingeni ubuchwepheshe.

Uma sikhuluma ezincane omncane North - kuyinto amabhodwe. Leli qembu yobuhlanga kwamiswa kuphela nekhulu le-19, lapho tsars Russian waqala ngenkuthalo ukuhlola izwe Ussuriysk. Nokwenziwa bezizwe eziningana ezahlukene (Nanai, Udeghes, Chinese), bazithola todvwa kuye kwaholela kwavela iqembu elisha.