Nitrogen umquba - kuyini? Yikuphi nitrogen Umanyolo ocebile nitrogen kakhulu kunezinye?

Umquba - yisona sikhali ebaluleke kakhulu wensimu. It kuthuthukisa umhlabathi izingoma ezahlukene, singaqiniseka ukuthola imbuyiselo yaminyaka obuhle ucezu olufanayo ezweni. Nokho, izitshalo engadini zidinga isethi ephelele amaminerali kanye organic izithasiselo, futhi wensimu uwela kahle ngokwanele ukuze uzulazule kule ukwehluka. Namuhla, sinesithakazelo kwesikwenzayo nitrogen fertilizer. Kuyini iqembu ukuthi bamele, kanye nomthelela ku ukukhula nokuthuthuka izitshalo - konke lokhu sizoxoxa ngokuningiliziwe.

Kuyini nitrogen

Okokuqala okudingeka ukwazi ukuthi lokhu ingenye izakhi luningi kakhulu kule planethi. Ngaphandle kokuthi kube khona umzimba owodwa, futhi lokho kusebenza futhi izitshalo. Nitrogen ebalulekile amaprotheni amino acid, acid nucleic. Yingakho umyalo wensimu wokuqala ubeka ukuthi umKristu kumelwe enze nitrogen Umanyolo njalo. Kuyini lokhu? Lokhu kuzoxoxwa ngakho ngezansi, kodwa okwamanje - theory kancane. Ukutholakala okwanele nitrogen enhlabathini kwandisa isivuno, kodwa ukungabi khona ngqo kunciphisa ke. Yingakho wesakhiwo engadini, okuyinto ayaxhashazwa minyaka yonke edinga isingeniso njalo yalezi izinto. Nokho, futhi kuyadingeka ukukhumbula ukuthi, naphezu Umbuso sobala, udinga ukusisebenzisa kancane kakhulu. Iqiniso lokuthi overabundance yalolu ketshezi enhlabathini kuholela ukukhula kakhudlwana uhlelo vegetative futhi ukumisa pheze ephelele fruiting.

Kungani izitshalo nitrogen

Sesiyazi ukuthi isivuno esihle ngeke kutholakale usebenzisa kuphela imithombo yemvelo kwenhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba njalo ligcwalise isitokwe izakhamzimba. Kungani kubaluleke kangaka ukuba enze nitrogen umquba? Uzothini kunendaba - organic noma wezinto ezingaphili - ukuzixazulula njalo wensimu, kuye ngokuthi yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka kanye feedings langaphambilini, ngezansi sicabanga isheduli kahle isingeniso ukuvundisa. Kodwa inqobo nje uma akusiyo ngalokho. Nitrogen ingxenye chlorophyll ezidingekile ukumuncwa amandla elanga. Futhi ocebile nitrogen lipids, alkaloids, kanye nezinye izinto eziningi ezibalulekile ukuze izitshalo ophilayo.

ocebile Ikakhulukazi nitrogen, abasha sifanamsindvo namaqabunga entwasahlobo, esigabeni sokukhula asebenzayo zalesi sihlahla. Njengoba kunesidingo, kanye ukubukeka efihlekile ezintsha, amaqabunga neziqu izinto nitrogen zithuthelekela kubo. Futhi emva impova wabe Izitho zokuzala, futhi lapho ngesimo amaprotheni buthelela. Okungukuthi, kubalulekile ukwenza ngendlela esifike umquba inhlabathi nitrogen. Kwenzenjani, sizokutshela ngokuningiliziwe, kodwa okwamanje siphawula ukuthi, kuncike mthetho kakhulu kwandisa umthamo kanye nekhwalithi isivuno. Ikakhulu, i-amaprotheni ku izithelo uba usizo kakhulu, futhi bona izitshalo yemifino ezikhulayo ngokushesha okungaka.

izinhlobo umquba

Sizokwenza kancane kancane ukuthuthela ngezigaba, futhi ngenxa yalokho, uzokutshela kabanzi mayelana nitrogen fertilizer. "Yilokho?" - ubuza? Ngokuyinhloko wensimu abanolwazi Yiqiniso, ukukhumbula amaminerali, futhi akumangazi. Phela, nabo basuke ngokuvamile sihlangane ezitolo ezikhethekile, ngaphansi uphawu olufanele. Nokho, lolo hlu akugcini lapho. Kukhona futhi organic nitrogen fertilizer. Lena ngokuyinhloko izakhi yezitshalo nezilwane imvelaphi. Mhlawumbe wena kuyoba khona isambulo, kodwa umquba iqukethe mayelana 1% nitrogen. Kunezinye nitrogen fertilizer. Yilokhu, isibonelo? Phela, ngisho umquba lapho ngaleso NGENDIMA imfucuza kanye Peat safinyelela 1.5% lokuhlushwa izidakamizwa phambi kwethu, futhi uma ibekwe emgodini umquba bamahlamvu oluhlaza, izinga eshiwo ngenhla kuzokhulisa ukuba 2.5%. Kuyinto eningi, kodwa kunezinye ukuvundiswa organic, ehlanganisa kalula lezi zibalo. Le nyoni droppings, equkethe okungenani 3% nitrogen. Nokho, akumelwe sikhohlwe ukuthi onjalo ukusuthisa ngempela anobuthi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, akufanele athole wathumba.

amafomu Liquid nitrogen umquba (ammonium iqembu)

Siyaqhubeka cabanga nitrogen fertilizer. igama Chemical - "nitrogen" - elihunyushwa ngokuthi "ukuphila", okuyindawo lingahunyushwa baphetha ukuthi akukho izinto ezinjalo ukukhula nokuthuthuka of emasimini green akunakwenzeka. Yivumele kuqala mayelana ewuketshezi yalesi umquba. ukukhiqizwa wabo ishibhile kuka ukukhululwa lozakwabo okuqinile, okusho ukuthi ngeke ukwazi ukulondoloza kakhulu uma uthenga. Futhi bathathu kuphela izinhlobo ukuthi ayatholakala kunoma Dachnik: ammonia anhydrous, amanzi ammonia kanye ammoniates. Sonke kufanele lokuhlala ehlukene, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi ucacise kusengaphambili lapho nitrogen Umanyolo ocebile nitrogen kakhudlwana kunamanye. Lokhu, akungabazeki, ammonia anhydrous. I okufakiwe kuveza liquefaction ammonia ngaphansi umfutho ophakeme futhi liqukethe okungenani 82% we ketshezi main.

Izici bamphuca kwesizathu liquid nitrogen Umanyolo

Kukhona umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama ukuthi kudingeka kucatshangelwe. Yenza enjalo avundise kalula, kodwa kungase kube ukulahlekelwa nitrogen ngenxa yezizathu eziningana. Endaweni yokuqala - kuyinto ukuhwamuka khulula, ammonia anhydrous. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlabathi colloids kweso ukuncela nitrogen, futhi ingxenye Umanyolo ihlangana emanzini futhi iguqulwe ibe ammonium hydroxide. Kungcono ukwenza Umanyolo enhlabathini ekwindla, pre-usigcwalisa humus, okuyinto kuzonciphisa ukulahlekelwa kaningi.

nitrate iqembu

I ewuketshezi isetshenziswa kaningi emapulazini amancane ingadi. Uma sikhuluma ngezinga ezimbonini, kukhona kudingeka okwengeziwe cabangela lokho okungcono kakhulu esinakho iwukusebenzisa nitrogen fertilizer. Enye yezindlela ethandwa kakhulu kuyinto ammonium nitrate. Kuyinto umkhiqizo enemisebenzi enikeza nomphumela osheshayo. Umanyolo lwenteke njengoba elimbudumbudu elimhlophe-pink. Okuqukethwe nitrogen kwalo 35%, okuyinto kwanele, unikezwa ukuphepha okusezingeni eliphezulu we ketshezi esebenzayo enhlabathini. Abalimi abaningi bami kwelokuthi: kwanele ukuthenga saltpetre, nezwe lakho ngokuthi ngeke besabhekana ukuntuleka kwalesi sakhi. Zifakwe inhlabathi kwentwasahlobo, ngoba kuyadingeka ukuze isiqalo esheshayo futhi ukuthuthukiswa ezinhle isitshalo. Kuvele okuyisibonelo ukugeleza rate - kusuka 25 kuya ku-30 g / 1 m ^2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, omunye esingazilungisa siqu ketshezi isixazululo yabo - lokhu kudinga chaza 20 g ngalinye 10 amalitha amanzi.

Futhi ezinye umquba nitrogen kukhona?

Ammonium nitrate iqembu (ammonium sulfate)

Lena enye indlela ethandwayo, isimo sanoma usawoti esitheni. Okuqukethwe nitrogen kwalo kancane, cishe ngo-21%. Kungasetjenziswa enhlabathini entwasahlobo nokuwa, futhi kuncike ukushuba sokuvuna ziyahlukahluka kanye noma kabili ngonyaka ukuze kwandzisa ezweni. Umanyolo kusuka inhlabathi ongeke uqedwe, futhi ngaleyo ndlela inikeza umphumela nehlala njalo. Abalimi abaningi kukhona acidification kancane komhlabathi uma isetshenziswa njalo. Kuyadingeka ukwethula emhlabathini ku 40-50 g we ketshezi ngalinye 1 m ^2.

umquba amide

Omele bhá - kuyinto urea. Lona omunye eyisisekelo nitrogen-oqukethe Umanyolo (nitrogen okuhlushwa - 46%). Njengomthetho, wasebenzisa entwasahlobo, kodwa sezwe kunzima kakhulu futhi kungenziwa ukhokhelwe ekwindla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha 20 g ngalinye 1 m ^2. Kodwa uma kuyadingeka ukwenza isifutho kungenziwa buhlanjululwe kusuka 30 kuya 40 g ngalinye 10 amalitha amanzi.

Kodwa lokho akuyona yonke nitrogen umquba ekhona okwamanje. Uhlu kuqhubeka urea ne-calcium cyanamide. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi eyigugu kakhulu, ezingabizi futhi kufinyeleleke kusho kuba urea. Kuyinto Umanyolo kanzulu kakhulu ukuthi kungabangela ukusha kuya izitshalo, ngakho kufanele uqaphele kakhulu lapho wenza kube enhlabathini.

isicelo

Manje Orient, lokho umquba kukhona nitrogen, futhi singaxoxa kabanzi uzisebenzise kanjani ku zabo cottage ehlobo. Khumbula ukuthi isikhathi yokudla kanye nenani kuncike hlobo inhlabathi kanye nokuntuleka nitrogen therein. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uma usebenzisa semali nitrogen Umanyolo zezimbali kwenzeka kamuva kakhulu futhi fruiting kungenzeki. Yini izitshalo kufanele fed ne-nitrogen eningi? Konke ngaphandle alfalfa kanye clover. Nokho, izimfuneko isiko ngalinye yokudla yawo, futhi lokhu kufanele kucatshangelwe.

Izitshalo nezimfuneko ephezulu nitrogen umquba

Lokhu isiko, okuyinto zonke ezaziwayo futhi kusakazeke engadini iziza zethu: iklabishi, amazambane, ithanga zucchini, pepper kanye isitshalo seqanda, kanye rhubarb okumnandi. Nge zikhula zabo kudingeka wenze njengoba nitrogen ngaphambi kokutshala futhi phakathi nayo yonke inkathi yokulima. Kunconywa ukuba usebenzise okungenani 25 g we ammonium nitrate ngalinye 1 m ^2. Qiniseka ukuthi uyazi ukuthi nitrogen umquba, uma uya sikhule izithelo kanye amajikijolo, ezifana raspberry futhi amajikijolo, ama-strawberry, ama-cherry kanye plums. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa lezi supplements ngokugcwele uma uya ukutshala dahlia zokuhlobisa futhi phlox, peonies kanye tsiniyu, violet ne-lilac.

Iqembu lesibili: nesidingo ezimaphakathi nitrogen

It utamatisi kanye ukhukhamba, beet kanye izaqathe, garlic, ummbila kanye parsley. Phakathi izithelo izitshalo kungenzeka currant kanye ugqumugqumu kanye apula kuphawulwe. Leli qembu akunakubangelwa izimbali kakhulu lonyaka.

Lapho okhulayo lezi izitshalo kwanele ukwenza nitrogen kanye ngonyaka - ngasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Lokhu kungaba okwanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo uzizwa ukhululekile. Kunconywa ukuba enze akukho engaphezu kwengu-20 g we nitrate ngalinye 1 m ^2.

Iqembu lesithathu

Lesi simila nezimfuneko okusesilinganisweni okuqukethwe nitrogen. Umthamo watusa - 15 g we ammonium nitrate ngalinye 1 m ^2. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imifino yonke eluhlaza, u-anyanisi kanye radishes, amazambane zakuqala. izibonelo eziqondile ala maqembu konke ornamentals eziyizigaxa. Ekugcineni, undemanding kakhulu kukhona okusanhlamvu (ngokwanele Imininingwane 7 g Umanyolo ngalinye 1 m ^2). Akukona nje uphizi nobhontshisi, kodwa futhi izitshalo Ornamental, ezifana azalea heather nabanye abaningi.

Izindlela zikamanyolo isicelo

Ukuze lezi zinto ngesikhathi ukuthatha nomphumela, kumelwe babe abaphile kwesokudla, futhi okubaluleke - isikhathi sokwenza. Ukuze wenze lokhu, basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene. Ngowokuqala ngqa kuhlakazeka. It kungenziwa kokubili ngesandla nokusebenzisa dispensers othomathikhi. Usebenzise le ndlela phambi zokutshala, njengoba Umanyolo liyadingeka isikhathi eside ukuncibilikisa. Ibhande yesibili indlela lapho ammonium nitrate noma ezinye amaminerali nitrogen umquba neqhaza ewumngcingo band eduze isitshalo phezu kwenhlabathi noma ngesikhathi ukujula engajulile. Uma kusilela eqinile njengesinyathelo eziphuthumayo, sebenzisa isifutho. Ekugcineni, umanyolo ikhiqizwa ewuketshezi, okungukuthi, ungasebenzisa drip irrigation eyenzeka.

Indlela ukuxilonga ukuntula nitrogen

Sethemba manje ukuthi ngeke stumped umbuzo "nitrogen umquba - yilokhu." Izithombe ethulwa ekhasini, bonisa okuningi ngokucace ukuhlukahluka feedings ezinjalo. Nokho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba baqonde uma sekuyisikhathi nokuwangenisa umhlabathi, futhi uma imbangela ukukhula abampofu amanga ngokuphelele kwenye. Nge ukuntuleka nitrogen kwasekuqaleni waphawula okusithiyayo sokukhula kanye yellowing of lonke isitshalo, ikakhulukazi amaqabunga. Kufanele uhlupho uma umbala izitshalo iyaphaphatheka ophuzi. Uphawu lokuqala kakhulu ukuthi kufanele ukukuxwayisa, kuyinto yellowing we eziseceleni amahlamvu amadala. Khona-ke, babune bese ewa.

Izimpawu nitrogen ngokweqile

Ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukuhlukanisa omunye nomunye, khona-ke ethile, futhi overabundance izakhamzimba. Ngakho-ke, sizokwakha ngalokho futhi malini nomthelela inhlabathi, kanye imibono yakhe izitshalo. Ngokuyinhloko i overabundance nitrogen kuzibonakalisa yokuthi ingxenye eluhlaza zalesi sihlahla ethambile aluhlaza, ngesivinini ekukhuleni kwayo, kodwa izimbali zawo ziwukudla kanye esibelethweni ngokuvamile iyasilela kakhulu ngokuya. Uma ngokweqile nitrogen ebalulekile, le waphawula leaf ukusha, bese yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele. Ukulandela lesi lidayizi ohlelweni impande.

Kufinyeta

Ngakho, ukuze nokwandisa izitshalo zayo amandla, ungasebenzisa organic (umquba noma inyoni droppings) noma umquba amaminerali, kulula ngokuvamile ngaphezulu. Lokhu kungaba ammonium nitrate (nitrogen okuqukethwe - 34%) kanye ammonium sulphate (21%). Ungase futhi i-calcium ewusizo (15%) kanye sodium nitrate (16%). Uma izitshalo uhlangabezana nitrogen ukuntula eqinile noma uhlela ukutshala labo izitshalo, okuyizinto olindele iningi kuye, kungcono ukuthatha urea (46%). Sebenzisa umquba e isilinganiso esifanelekile, futhi nje lapho zidingeka kakhulu.