Ngubani Umsunguli wendlela gwedla ikhompyutha (igundane). Evolution of Computer Mouse

Namuhla, ngaphandle kule divayisi ngeke bakwazi ukwenza noma iyiphi ekwi-desktop yekhompuyutha yesimanje. Yebo, futhi ama-laptops, ochwepheshe abaningi bakhetha ixhume ngokuphuthumayo ngecala touchpads ngoba hypersensitivity zabo nendawo esingesihle. Kodwa ngokuqondene owasungula igundane khompyutha namanje akwaziwa. Ngakho ake uxoxe ngale nkinga kabanzi.

A amaqiniso ambalwa

Mayelana lowo owasungula le igundane computer, manje yokwazi ngokuqinisekile. Leli qiniso hhayi uphikise, njengoba ezimweni eziningi, kwezinye, amadivayisi engengaphansi kunesidingo kusungulwe abaqambi. Sekube isethulo idivayisi entsha ukuze inkomfa ikhompyutha e-United States (San Francisco). Ngubani Umsunguli wendlela ikhompyutha manipulator (igundane iqamba ngaleyo ndlela)? Sikhanyisiwe futhi kwabonisa umhlaba walo Douglas Engelbart (Douglas Engelbart), futhi yena wazalwa ngisho ngaphambili, ngo-1964 Nakuba edume umsunguli igundane computer wagomela ngokuthi umbono walokho okubizwa ngokuthi idivayisi ezifana lalivela kuye ngo-1951! Ngo-1970 yena wathola igunya lokwenza lokhu leminyaka.

igundane Ikhompyutha: umdali, umlando, kwemvelo

into ngayinye has umlando walo, futhi njengoba uya shí esikhathini esidlule, yena ozuza ezinganekwaneni zayo. Uma impendulo yombuzo ngubani we-gwedla ikhompyutha (igundane), ibonakala ecacile, umbono ngokuphathelene nokuthi ubani idivayisi yadalwa, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, kabani oda ukwenza diverge. Imithombo ethile ithi ukuthi prototype igundane lwakhiwe for inkampani Xerox. Abanye - ukuthi ngaphambilini ukuthuthukiswa kwayo Apple. Umsunguli uthi oda ekhethekile njengezinjalo ku umkhiqizo abikwe. Manipulator uvele ngempela kungalindelekile, njengoba leyavela (njengoba ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngezinto abakhaliphile akekho ngokuqondile akusho baziqambela, futhi nakuba bona babengayiqondi avele). Uma kwenziwa operatsionok Engelbart sadingeka e ikhiphedi umsebenzi amafasitela (umqondo windowing). Futhi ikhophi yokuqala ukusebenza lakhiwa ngo-1964. iqala Ngakho indaba igundane computer, ungumdali okuyinto - umsunguli kanye nososayensi Douglas Engelbart.

Kwakubukeka njengolimi igundane wokuqala

Ezezindlu kwathiwa ezibaziweyo ngesandla ngokhuni futhi kwadingeka ukuma ebhokisini. Ngaphakathi, kukhona izinkinobho namasondo amabili. Bona iphuma etafuleni uma idivayisi ezihambayo, okuvumela ukubala isiqondiso kanye nenani igundane ukunyakaza. A eyatholakala kulokhu idatha is ibe ukunyakaza isikhombisi esikrinini. Ngemva kwalokho, idivayisi kushintshiwe ngcono. Isofthiwe wabhala Jeff Ralifson. manipulator e bangaleso sikhathi babesebenza kuyo amathuba ngokuphelele okukhulu (okuyinto kuyabonakala movie ukuboniswa, sangomhla-1968 futhi sise Museum amagundane at Stanford). Khona-ke, kule divayisi ongakabi atholwe udumo emhlabeni wonke nokuduma.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo

Lokhu kwalandelwa inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye igundane kusukela Xerox (1972). It esingakaphothulwa Bill yayo isiNgisi, owayesebenza lab nge Engelbart, bese sahamba kule nkampani. Ngakho-ke, ngezinye izikhathi umbuzo ngubani we-gwedla ikhompyutha (igundane), kanye kabusha le nkampani ehamba phambili. Ngemva idivayisi kushintshiwe yibo kubaluleke kakhulu: amasondo esikhundleni amabili elikhulu athela nge ezinamasondo ezimbili. Futhi okubaluleke - Umklamo umzimba igundane isibe kakade zifane ukuma yesimanje, ijwayelekile amehlo ethu. Kodwa-patent, it is yayisalokhu e Engelbart. Ngakho umbuzo ngubani we-gwedla ikhompyutha (igundane), kuwukuhlakanipha ukuba baphendule, okubonisa igama inikezwe.

ukuqhubeka

Nokho manipulator amadivayisi computer ahlale esikhundleni into ezingavamile kuze kube 80s yokuqala yekhulu lama-20. Kodwa kakade ngo-1983, isibonelo, kwakukhona cishe eziyishumi izinkampani ukuthi ukukhiqiza futhi adayise onobuhle ezahlukene amagundane. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ezinye zalezi zinkampani kwakuhlelwa amalungu Engelbart noma siqu sakhe. ukuthandwa okuphansi njengoba idivayisi igundane computer ingaphikisana wentengo eliphezulu kakhulu kuleyo minyaka. Kseroksovskie igundane izindleko phakathi $ 400 kanye nemali zona Kumele uxhumeke - ngisho 300. Futhi zedivayisi ngokwayo benamaphutha kwesakhiwo: kwakuminyene eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zintekenteke kakhulu. Ngakho, umsebenzisi isilinganiso igundane ububanzi wahlala ayitholakali. phetho wakhe - abacwaningi kanye nabasunguli ngokunengqondo, ubani owavela ubuchwepheshe bama-computer yakamuva.

indima Apple emlandweni igundane

Ekuthuthukiseni babe PC yayo ethandwa kakhulu kamuva kwanqunywa ukukhiqiza imishini amagundane. Lokho Imisebenzi ngaphambilini ukuthuthukisa idivayisi ethembekile futhi ephansi yesondlo, okuyinto kungadla 20-30 bucks futhi awazange ayiphule njalo ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Futhi lapha, mhlawumbe, kokuxazulula: ibhola iraba ukuthi Rolls azungeze emzimbeni livela esikhundleni esindayo. Sebenzisa elinye isignali uhlelo ukudluliswa, kunjalo waba plastic olubunjiwe njengoba kuqhathaniswa umsebenzi wezandla. Le divayisi ingaqoqa yimuphi umsebenzi kwi yokwakha izimoto eziningi.

impumelelo enkulu

Imiphumela revolution indaba igundane akuyona eside ukufika. amakhompyutha Epplovskie ifakwe amagundane 1984 badayise, efana ophaya, futhi kwaba impumelelo enkulu emhlabeni wonke. Futhi ngo-1995, kwethulwa Windows 95 nayo kakhulu nengxenye ekubeni la ezandleni tailed.

Mouse. Izinhlobo ikhompyutha amagundane

Namuhla lezi amadivaysi emhlabeni, kukhona okuningi kuka amakhompyutha ngokwabo. Kunengqondo lokhu, ngenxa emifushane (okwamanje imodeli esiphelelwe isikhathi, okuyinto esikhathini sethu isivinini kwenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu) yayo yokuphila - 3-5 iminyaka okungenani - i-PC isilinganiso siyashintsha ezingaphezu kweyodwa igundane, nokuningi, kuncike izintandokazi yomnikazi. Okuxubile futhi izinhlobo computer amagundane. Futhi bheka, nokuqukethwe bakhe bangaphakathi. Ngokusho ekhethekile umklamo nekhompyutha idatha ezandleni zayo (igundane) ihlukaniswe Mechanics, yokukhanya, laser, trackball.

Mechanical igundane - bendabuko ibhola-drive imodeli ngentambo, edinga ukuhlanzwa njalo ibhola, futhi okukhulu kakhulu ngokubukeka. Optical asebenzisa isimiso ezahlukene. Abanaso ibhola, kanti kukhona LED kanye inzwa. Laser ezisebenza nge laser. A trackballs abe bead convex, esehlisa motility ezandleni (ngenxa ongasebenza omunye ngomunwe). Idivayisi elihlangana ngokuvumelana nesimiso idatha zihlukaniswe olunezintambo futhi wireless. Wire esetshenziswa njengoba PC uxhumano ngocingo okuyinto ixhunywe nalokho futhi lapho isignali idluliselwa. A engenantambo usebenzise umamukeli ekhethekile, wenze uxhumano nge-PC. Amadivayisi anjalo asiza zokubhalela njengoba mobile ngokwanele. A ethile abalulekile: uthathe esisodwa okokufaka angena computer bese esetshenziswa amabhethri noma amabhethri ukuthi kufanele njalo ukushintsha noma ngegciwane. Cishe zonke amagundane abe izinkinobho ezimbili futhi isondo umqulu (imifanekiso ubudala, akusiyo), kodwa izinhlobo izakhiwo kusuka ezihlukahlukene silwenza kungaba ngokuphongoza nomunye: kusukela Classic kuya zesimanje.