Umsunguli wendlela igundane computer. Umlando ikhompyutha igundane

Uma ufunda lesi sihloko, bese 89 amaphesenti angu-100 ungumnikazi ojabulayo igundane computer (iphesenti esisele - njengoba nje abanikazi elijabulisayo zokuthinta, thinta izikrini, ungase alulaze inani elincane kakhulu nesikhali salabo abasebenzisa i-trackball noma "asebeke bangenza ngathatheka phezu yabambelela," ... ).

Cishe, kule khompyutha enhle isidalwa manje esandleni sakho noma uphumule endaweni ethile eseduze, elilungele ukukusiza ngesikhathi ukhululekile, ajwayelekile, ergonomic enjalo ezime njengesitebhisi igundane yangempela.

prehistory

Bewazi yini ukuthi "igundane" enjalo, le gajethi kwakungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi? Noma ubani owasungula igundane computer, okuthiwa ama indalo yakhe ngokuqinile futhi ngokwesayensi - ". Ukudidiyela inkomba x kanye y ngenxa zohlelo zokubonisa" Futhi sidla amagundane amancane, le nkomba ubengase ukhumbule umuntu lokukwazi noma eziqanjiwe nge ukuhlukanisa okuhle Futuristic. Nokho, ngaphandle ukuthi ukude safana umsila wire, kodwa ke insimbi kungenziwa ngokuthi igundane ... Kafushane, ngubani christened iyunithi nge igundane - imfihlakalo ukuthi asikafezeki uphenyo ... Nokho, sizokutshela konke ukuze.

Umlando ikhompyutha igundane

Nice futhi isikhathi eside kakhulu. Hlangana kuqala kukhompyutha igundane (isithombe phezu kusiqephu sendatshana). Vele khumbula ibinzana ebhukwinitifundvo amathoyizi lokhuni. Ubani owasungula le igundane computer? nososayensi waseMelika Douglas Engelbart. Esakhuluma, umqondo ukudala amathuluzi lula umsebenzi ne yokusebenza izinhlelo elafika kuye ngo-1951. Futhi umbono yayiyingxenye nice kancane ibhokisi izinkuni, lapho umklami igundane computer ayelungisa uhlelo olusha lokusebenza kuyafana lowo ngawo ukubhekana abasebenzisi yesimanje.

I sibonelo wokuqala igundane zamanje Engelbart yasungulwa ngo-1964. Ekwakheni ke ukuwo namanye amadoda amabili: Bill IsiZulu iziqu umfundi, baqoqa ingalo lokuqala, futhi wajoyina iqembu kamuva, Jeff Rulifson, indoda ezahlela abashayeli igundane.

Idivayisi iyona ikhompyutha igundane wokuqala

Bheka isithombe igundane wokuqala (buka kusukela ngezansi) kanye nokuhluma igundane kukhompyutha yakho. Yebo, kukhona umehluko eliyisisekelo: Monograms ebhanoyini ukusebenza ukubhala ngabe akwenzekanga, ngoba amasondo amabili ukhawule maneuverability. Kungaba kuphela ukuhambisa igundane kwesokudla noma kwesokunxele futhi emuva naphambili. Okungukuthi, ingalo kwadingeka drive ngqo. On umzimba has inkinobho eyodwa kuphela. Mouse esithombeni sikhombisa unguye umsunguli igundane computer, - yena , Douglas Engelbart (isithombe usuku). By the way, edume igajethi igundane sengathi kwakungeyona umzamo wokuqala ukwakha ikhompyutha-manipulator. Ngaphambi igundane yasungulwa ngumuntu trackball.

Prototype noma ubhuti?

Umgomo we operation ye-trackball sifana umsebenzi igundane computer, kwenzeka okuphambene nalokho: une ukusonta ibhola ngezandla zakhe. ososayensi Canadian baye basungula Tom Cranston yakhe (akumelwe kudidaniswe umlingisi efanayo) Fred Longstaff futhi Kenonn ngokuba Royal Canadian Navy ngo-1952. Kodwa ke trackballs engunyaza elingekho ngaphezu kuka 10 - ayengabathandi amatilosi ... kungenzeka dimensioned emva ibhola base Bowling amabhola.

Ungathola egomela ukuthi kwaba igundane ugqozi trackball. Kodwa lokhu okushiwo ngenhla ukuthi umsunguli igundane computer futhi icabangela umbono yokudala ingalo yakhe ngaphambili, ngo-1951.

Trackballs (isithombe phezu kwesigaba owufundayo manje) asetshenziswa namuhla. Sinenkosi omunye inzuzo zokukhwabanisa usebenzisa trackball, ngokungafani igundane, akudingeki eziningi Isikhala a surface flat, futhi kuba akanandaba kunyakaza. Ngakho-ke, i-manipulator enjalo ngokuvamile ukuhlomisa zonke smart professional ubuchwepheshe, okusho emkhakheni akuyona imvelo ukhululekile kakhulu lapho kuyodingeka isebenze.

Disemba 9, 1968

Usuku lokuzalwa ezisemthethweni kukhompyutha igundane. Ngalolu suku, usana wethulwa emphakathini ngesikhathi Engqungqutheleni yesayensi e-San Francisco, lapho enza ukusaphazela nge ezintsha zalo ngokokuqala imisebenzi.

Umsunguli wendlela igundane computer kwaba umntanami ibhonasi in inani ayizinkulungwane 10. Dollars. Fingqa kulabo izikhathi ngempela ehloniphekile. A usana ngokushesha waqala ukufunda futhi ngcono ngosizo nenqwaba bahlakaniphile. Futhi ekuqaleni isingeniso sakhe okunqobayo kwezindaba ezibalulekile futhi esibalulekile ikhompyutha amagajethi eziyisikhombisa. Ngakho kudingeka, ukuthi usongo abazali ungasinika igundane ngokuziphatha okubi kanye nokusebenza beqonda ingane abanganaki mayelana efanayo ithuba "sokudonsa wayibhinca phezu ethambile" ku sasebuntwaneni izizukulwane abezwa ngalokhu amagundane kuphela ukuthi kukhona grey, badla konke okungaphandle okungena amazinyo akho, nokwesaba amakati.

Evolution of Computer Mouse

Inkampane yokuqala, ngubani bayokwazisa ukusebenza amathemba ingane igundane, kwaba Xerox. Kwabe sekuthi ngo-70 leminyaka eledlule igundane wafunda ukuhambisa ngendlela ehlukile ngenxa amasondo esikhundleni ibhola futhi bajoyine friendly lokugoqa Alto ikhompyutha siqu. Kodwa ngalesi sikhathi lesi silwanyana ikhompyutha kwakungelona ukukhombisa ngokwayo zonke zalo abasebenzisi enkazimulweni: PC Ayikaze ilubeke ekukhiqizweni.

Kwakungenxa nje ngo-1981 njengengxenye iqembu elikhulu Xerox 8010 StInformation Sistem ikhompyutha igundane ukuze bagqashule kulo mkhuba. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi wayengumuntu ngempela eqolo, njengoba intengo yayo kwaba 400 aseMelika.

Okuningi ezingabizi ke benza onjiniyela lenkampani Apple. Zenzelwe igundane PC Lisa bawela $ 25, Ngakho-ke, kuye kwaba kufinyeleleke kalula.

Kufanele kuqashelwe, futhi, ukuthi igajethi yakho ithuthukiswe e-USSR. Soviet ikhompyutha igundane (isithombe ngenhla esigabeni) kuthi izinto kalula, kodwa igama elisemthethweni kuyinto "manipulator Gingerbread Man." Ingabe ifakwe izinkinobho ezintathu - Yokuqashwa phakathi kwabo namanje bengayeki mpikiswano phakathi abasebenzisi esimpunga lokuqala, kwadingeka inhlanhla ukugcina le kuqabukela manje izandla. Kodwa ukwahlulela ngezibuyekezo zabo phezu izinkundla, naphezu isisindo sayo umxhwele kanye ukushuba umxhwele umsila futhi babesebenza manipulator akuyona sibi kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi enye.

igundane computer Modern

Cishe, umsunguli igundane computer wasikisela ukuthi ingane yakhe uyoba indawo ebalulekile phakathi amagajethi. Kodwa uma ayecabanga ukuthi kukhompyutha iyoba ezandleni ezifana manje? Mhlawumbe ngoba ososayensi.

Kuwo wonke umlando igundane computer usebhekene kufike komkhulu wabo ushintsho izinzwa banesibopho ukunyakaza kusuka manipulator ne drive ngqo opto-mechanical futhi ekugcineni-optical.

Lokhu kwaba yisikhathi okwakhiwa ngaso igundane ilahlekelwe umsila wakhe wokuziphilisa futhi waqala ukuba engenantambo.

Ukubheka isithombe se-ezandleni computer yokuqala, kunzima ukuba ukumamatheka - abayikho untula ngakho ziqhathaniswa zamanje. Kodwa ziyingxenye ebalulekile yomlando igundane computer.

Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, uyomgubhela kwamashumi amahlanu, njengoba igundane manipulator wazalwa. Lena iminyaka engu-sina. Kazi Kuyoze kube njengoba ebalulekile ekuphileni computer yethu uyoba nathi?