Munich Population: labantu, Ukwakheka yobuhlanga

Omunye izikhungo ngobukhulu zezimboni eYurophu edolobheni German Munich. Population kulo isikhathi eside lidlule kakade esigidini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto ehluke ngokuphelele edolobheni elidala, okuyinto isikhungo yamasiko esifundeni eBavaria. Ake sithole ukuthi kwakungani uyini labantu Munich, yini usayizi, izici ukubalwa kwabantu, izimo zalo ophilayo nokuningi.

Indawo Geographical Munich

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukufunda labantu Munich, ake sibone lapho lo muzi European itholakala.

Munich itholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga yeJalimane endaweni isifunda esiphethe Upper Bavaria esimweni yase eBavaria. Nakuba Munich yilona dolobha isimo yombuso kanye sokuqondisa besifunda, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo libhekisela semizi 107 eJalimane, kokuba isimo vnerayonny.

Umlando Omfushane Munich

Ukuze uzwisise ukuthi ungalungiselela labantu Munich, kubalulekile ukubheka ngokusebenzisa iphrizimu umlando.

Indaba settlement yokuqala kule izinsuku endaweni kusukela ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi, okuwukuthi, ukuphinde ekhulwini VIII, lapho egqumeni Petersberg izindela waqala ukuphila. Yibona labantu sokuqala ngqá Munich. IziKronike isitifiketi Munich uvele kuphela 1158, kodwa ngemva kweminyaka engu-nesikhombisa waba edolobheni nazo zonke amalungelo isikhonzi. Leli dolobha ngokuyinhloko uhlalwe Bavarians - subethnos abantu German.

Ngo 1240, Munich laba impahla yabantwana Duke Otto ka Serene Indlu Wittelsbach, owayeneminyaka umbusi eBavaria kanye Palatinate, okuyinto beniyingxenye njengombusi woMbuso Ongcwele WamaRoma. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube Indlu Wittelsbach ngo-1918 akazange alahlekelwe ilungelo ifa idolobha ecacisiwe. Ngo 1255, yilelo nalelo libe nesigaba of eBavaria zibe izingxenye ezimbili phakathi kwabazalwane, Munich yaba inhloko-dolobha ye-Duchy of Upper Bavaria. Ngo 1507, eBavaria waphinda benziwe dukedom olulodwa, kodwa nokho Munich akalilahlile isimo salo dolobha, asele maphakathi united states. Ngo 1806 Bavaria iwine isimo umbuso. Lokhu Munich bachuma safinyelela ngaphansi kweNkosi Ludwig mina, okuyinto ikhiqizwa ukwakhiwa, elalihlotshiswe ke, simenywe eziningi izibalo ezidumile kwamasiko. Idolobhana isibe dolobha kweqiniso yamasiko eningizimu yeJalimane.

Edolobheni mina iqhunyiswe amabutho phakathi neMpi Yezwe I. Ngemva kwempi, iNkosi Bavaria Wabaleka ezweni lakubo, futhi ngo-1919 e Munich, amabutho kaMarx wamemezela ukusungulwa lwaseBavaria Soviet Republic. Nokho, esingaphansi kwenyanga ibuyisiwe ku Bayern ku-German (Weimar Republic).

Kuyinto e Munich zivela umsuka German nobuNazi. Kwabe sekuthi ngo-1920 wasungula iQembu LamaNazi. Ngo-1923 e Munich, amaNazi umkhankaso i Icebo lika komzamo ongaphumelelanga, okuyinto aluthola igama Beer Hall Putsch. Ngo-1933, amaNazi ngokusebenzisa ukukhethwa ngokwentando yeningi namanje ephethwe ukuza amandla okubusa eJalimane. Kodwa kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi Munich ngesikhathi esifanayo waba iziko eyinhloko ukunyakaza anti-amaNazi phakathi kwemizi German. Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili, lonke idolobha lase ngokuphindaphindiwe ngaphansi emoyeni iziteleka, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho labantu Munich lancipha okungenani u-25%.

Ngemva kwempi Munich ubekade ephethwe amaMelika bomsebenzi. Idolobhana zase zimile. Ngo-1949 yena wajoyina UMbuso owawusanda kumiswa we iFederal Republic of Germany. Munich yaba umuzi omkhulu kunayo zezimboni kuleli zwe, kanye omunye izikhungo zayo wezombangazwe nasekuphileni okuvamile. Ngobukhulu futhi labantu eJalimane le ndawo yesibili kuphela inhloko-dolobha isizwe sika - emzini Berlin futhi Hamburg.

labantu

Manje sekuyisikhathi ukunquma ukuthi yini labantu Munich. Lesi sibalo base zonke ezinye izibalo Ukucwaninga. Ngakho, labantu Munich sika okwamanje ayizinkulungwane 1526,1. Man.

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kuwumphumela wesithathu inani abakhileyo e-Germany. Ukuze uqhathanise, Berlin izinkulungwane zabantu 3490,1 bahlala Hamburg -.... izinkulungwane zabantu 1803,8, nomuzi lesine ngobukhulu e-Germany Cologne - izinkulungwane zabantu 1017,2 ..

Dynamics labantu ushintsho

Manje ake ufunde indlela ukushintsha the Dynamics labantu kulo muzi. Munich kakhulu kukhuphuke ngo-Ngale ndinganiso, nakuba zikhona izikhathi lapho izakhamuzi eziningi kwehle okwesikhashana.

Siqala uhambo yakho kusukela 1840, lapho Munich yilona dolobha yombuso. Khona-ke wahlala ayizinkulungwane 126,9. Abantu. Nenani labantu lalanda kuze 1939. Ngakho, ngo-1871 sasifana nokuthi abantu abayizinkulungwane 193,0, ngo-1900 - .. Abantu abayizinkulungwane 526,1 ngo-1925 - .. Abantu abayizinkulungwane 720,5 ngo-1939 - .. Abantu abayizinkulungwane 840,2. . Kodwa seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, umphumela okwakufanele viva la madoda impi, kanye nokubhonywa edolobheni amabutho amaZwe Asizanayo, sehle kakhulu kwanciphisa inani. Munich linabantu Census 1950 ayizinkulungwane 830,8. Abantu., Kodwa kuphephile ukusho ukuthi izakhamuzi eziningi ingasaphathwa ngasekuqaleni Iminyaka yangemva kwempi. Kodwa ke kwaqala ukuvela. Ngakho, ngo-1960 inani lidlule kakade abakhileyo yisigidi, ngaleyo ndlela bebekela irekhodi edolobheni, futhi zaba 1101,4 thous. Inh. Ngo-1970, idolobha yayisivele owakhiwe ayizinkulungwane 1.312. Inh.

Kodwa ke e Munich, Nokho, njengoba sihlanganisa lonke izwe eJalimane, wakuqonda okwakushiwo crisis yezibalo. Izinga lokuzalwa kwehle kakhulu nokwanda nokuqaphela umphakathi umthwalo wengane. Ngo-1980, inani labantu yayehlele ezingeni ayizinkulungwane 1298,9. Pers., Ngo-1990 sehla ayizinkulungwane 1229,0. Pers., Futhi ngo-2000 izinkulungwane 1210,2. Abantu.

Nokho, esikhathini esilandelayo uma izakhamuzi eziningi zaqala ukuhluma futhi. Kakade 2009 yafinyelela ezingeni irekhodi ukuze wonke umlando owedlule - ayizinkulungwane 1330,4 INH .. Kodwa lokhu kwanda bekungabonakali kumisiwe. Ngo 2013 sabantu ifinyelele sibalo 1407,8 ayizinkulungwane INH, ngo-2015 -. Izinkulungwane zabantu 1405,4, futhi manje usengummemezeli 1526,1 ayizinkulungwane INH ... inani mkhuba kwenani labantu emzini usaqhubeka.

inhlanganiso sabantu

Le ndawo zensimu elalihlala Munich, kuyinto 310,4 square metres. km. Ukwazi endaweni kanye labantu, kulula ukubala kwabantu bayo kanye eMunich. Okwamanje kuba 4890 abantu / sq. M. km.

Ukuze uqhathanise, ukubheka kwabantu ezinye emadolobheni amakhulu ase-Jalimane. Ngo Berlin kuba 3834 abantu / sq. M. km, Hamburg -. 2388,6 abantu / sq km. km,. futhi e Cologne -. 2393 abantu / sq km. km. Ngakho, singase yokuthi Munich kuba kunalokho okusezingeni eliphezulu ukwanda kwabantu.

ukwakheka yobuhlanga

Manje sithola ukuthi abantu bezizwe bahlala inhloko-dolobha Bavaria - Munich. Iningi labantu abangu-Jalimane, eziningi zazo iphathelene subethnos Bavarians. Ezinye ethnographers uzamile ngisho ukwehlukanisa nabo isizwe ahlukene, njengoba isiko kanye lwesigodi ngokuyinhloko sihluke lonke labantu eJalimane.

Kodwa eziningi ekhaya kwabokufika elivela kwamanye amazwe, kanye nabantu yisakhamuzi angaphandle, kuhlanganise nalabo obaleke ezweni lakubo. Amaphesenti izakhamizi enjalo engaphezu kuka-25% inani eliphelele izakhamizi. Kodwa zokuvikeleka komphakathi labantu Munich osebenza ku ningi of them.

Munich, kakhulu phakathi kwabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe ezivela eTurkey. Isibalo sabo ayizinkulungwane 39,4. Abantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abaningi abavela kwamanye kusukela Croatia (ayizinkulungwane 29,3. Pers.), Greece (26.4 thous. Inh.), Italy (26.0 thous. Inh.), E-Austria (21.8 thous. Inh.) Poland (21.1 thous. INH.), Bosnia and Herzegovina (16.5 thous. INH.), Romania (16.2 thous. INH.), Serbia (13.5 thous. INH.). Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezikhathini zamuva ikakhulukazi kwatheleka eqinile zababaleki ababevela kuwo amazwe Arab, ikakhulukazi e-Aramu. Nokho, kuba inkinga hhayi kuphela e Munich noma eJalimane, kodwa futhi kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Munich iyikhaya iphesenti elikhulu izakhamuzi nge isizinda abayizifiki maqondana sebebonke ezisemadolobheni (uma siqhathanisa nabanye nemizana ezinkulu German).

inkolo

Cishe isigamu sabantu Munich sika ingeyona yimuphi umphakathi ongokwenkolo. Lezi abantu bakha mayelana 45% abantu sebebonke. Ngesikhathi esifanayo 33.1% labantu besonto ESonto LamaRoma Katolika, 11,9% - amaProthestani, 7.2% - amaSulumane, 0.3% - amaJuda, futhi enye 0.7% basonta bezinye izinkolo.

Munich kwabaphathi bedolobha uzama ukuqinisekisa amalungelo zonke izono kwezinkolo ezazikulo muzi.

umsebenzi

Manje ake sibone kulokho izindawo elalihlala labantu Munich. Incazelo ezindaweni ukukhiqizwa main emzini, sethula ngezansi.

Igatsha oyinhloko umnotho Munich sika ubunjiniyela, ikakhulukazi yezimoto kanye izindiza umkhakha. Ngakho, edolobheni wasingatha ngobukhulu German imoto yenkampani, is a brand nge idumela emhlabeni wonke - BMW (Bavarian Motor Works). Le nkampani inikeza labantu kwemisebenzi engaphezulu kuka-100 eziyinkulungwane.

Edolobheni electronics umkhakha (Siemens iqembu). Ngaphezu kwalokho, Munich ingenye izikhungo ngobukhulu ukukhiqizwa ubhiya emhlabeni.

Kodwa umkhakha - hhayi kuphela isiqondiso umnotho kuleli dolobha. Sikhanyisiwe lapha kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwemisebenzi ehlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi kwesimo sezimali, njengoba Munich kuyinto yasebhange isikhungo esiyinhloko.

Ukuvikelwa komphakathi

Njengakwamanye amadolobha iningi European Union, e Munich, kusekelwa izindinganiso eziphakeme emphakathini. Ikakhulu, i-umsebenzi labantu abangasebenziko kanye ukukhokhwa kwemihlomulo kwabo bekulokhu maphakathi umsebenzi. Inani labantu base-Munich Ngakho okuzivikela izinkinga ezenzeka ngemva ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngaphandle ukuvikelwa okwanele hhayi ukuhlala njengoba ababaleki kanye nezinye ababaleki. Babuye kubhekwa abantu ezakha labantu Munich. Migration Izikhungo nezinye izikhungo zenhlalakahle, ingaphansi kwemithetho lezifiki German godu isiqiniseko kubo zokuvikeleka komphakathi.

izici Jikelele labantu Munich

Munich lesithathu idolobha elinabantu abaningi eJalimane, isikhungo ngobukhulu ezimbonini kanye kwamasiko yezwe. Okwamanje, in a okuqhubekayo kwenani lezakhamuzi waphawula, esinikela kuhlanganise abasebenzi, lawo abheka cishe 25% inani eliphelele abakhileyo Munich. Cishe ingxenye labantu kulo muzi akusho abathi iyiphi inkolo. Among kholwa iningi bengewona amaKatolika.

Ngokuvamile, singasho, e Munich amathemba enkulu yabantu kanye nezomnotho.