Kuyini isici yokuziphendukela kwemvelo?

Omunye izinqubo impikiswano kakhulu futhi kancane-ifundelwe kwezinto eziphilayo anthropogenesis - indlela ukuziphendukela kwemvelo lokuthuthukiswa kwabantu njengoba oluthile lwento ephilayo. Lokho kusukela umbono wesayensi yemvelo, ngoba kwemvelo ekuso? Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi ezihlaba ekhona kwezazi zamathambo ukuthi ahlelwe Abokhokho anthropoid, isayensi zahumusha. A abayizibonelo ezimbi ekuhloleni ukuthuthukiswa komlando Homo sapiens wadlala futhi amacala falsification amaqiniso. lo kubonakala kanjani ukuthuthukiswa ocwaninga ngenhlalo yabantu?

isiZulu umkhonyovu

Khumbula indaba ezitholakala 1912 i ishiywe inkwali zokulahla empumalanga skull England piltdaunskogo womuntu, okuyinto iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso ifomu zesikhashana phakathi kwenkawu nomuntu. ngo-1963 kuphela kwatholakala ukuthi ingxenye ugebhezi zanamuhla Homo sapiens eziklanywe enamathiselwe emhlathini orangutan, wasethula ngayo yonke njengenhlangano bhokisi kanye isixhumanisi elingekho anthropology. Kulesi sihloko sizothola ukuthi okufanayo kusebenza ukuvela nezimfanelo zomuntu. Biology, ngokungafani inkolo nefilosofi, has kulokhu amaqiniso okwethulwa nemivubukulo ne-paleontology. Ake sixoxe ngazo phambili.

izigaba anthropogenesis

Ngo ukuthuthukiswa zomzimba womuntu njengoba zinhlobo begazi secrete izigaba ezifana: abantu yesimanje lasendulo, lasendulo futhi ekuqaleni. amathambo Izinsalela we ndoda Heidelberg, Sinanthropus, isi-Javanese Pithecanthropus izazi zezinto eziphilayo bakholwe inzalo ka Australopithecus, owaphila eminyakeni engaba ngu-1.7 million abantu edlule. Ososayensi abaningi ubone uhlobo imiphakathi yezinto - indoda pryamohodyachego owayehlala eMpumalanga Afrika.

Okulandelayo, izazi zezinto eziphilayo ihlukaniswe umbono. Abanye basikisela ukuthi emhlabeni izinkulungwane 300 edlule akha zinhlobo ehlukile kwabantu lasendulo -. AmaNeanderthal ngabantu zanamuhla yokuqala yadla - the Cro-Magnons. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lesi sikhathi mlando kwemvelo libhekene predominance elilodwa zinhlobo - Sapiens Homo, esakhiwa zenyathi ezimbili ngesikhathi esifanayo: i Neanderthal futhi Cro-magnon. imiphakathi abo ayengamakhulu ensimini ka zanamuhla eCaucasus, Southwest Asia naseYurophu.

amaphethini eziphilayo ekutfutfukiseni bantfu

Imiphumela kokuma ngokuqhathanisa yokwakheka ukunikeza ubufakazi obuqinile bokuthi Homo sapiens kungokwalabo oda wabaBishobhi. Inkulumo efanayo kubantu nasezilwaneni kuleli qembu iphathelene zonke izingxenye skeleton, plan jikelele isakhiwo kwemizwa, kwegazi, zokuphefumula nezinye izinhlelo bokuphila. Ufuzo waqinisekisa uhlelo olulodwa inhlangano abantu ufuzo futhi wezinkawu ephakeme. Zonke amaqiniso angenhla abonisa ukuthi kwemvelo libhekene nabaningi izici zokwakheka komuntu munye, ne ezincelisayo. Kodwa akuzona uthishanhloko. Iqhaza ehola kungokwalabo anthropology izici zenhlalo: lomtshikatshika imisebenzi ngokuhlanganyela kunikela zokuxhumana ngomlomo, ukwakheka kohlelo nomphakathi, ukuthuthukisa inkolo namasiko. Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe.

Phylogeny ka inani labantu

Ukuthuthukisa parallel nezilwane eMhlabeni, uhlobo Homo sapiens uthathé ukuma alawula nemvelo. Isizathu salokhu simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: i ukuvela umphakathi wesintu libhekene predominance yethonya izici zokwakheka komuntu. Ukuthuthukiswa imisebenzi kohlaziyo and zokwenziwa we- cortex cerebral nenkulumo - umehluko oyinhloko awabantu nawezilwane.

Lezi izindawo kungukuthi ilungiswe ufuzo futhi hhayi sebedlulisela enzalweni. Abakwazi zimiswe kuphela zisencane ukuthonya umphakathi: ukuqeqeshwa nokufundiswa. Siyabonga ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi waba mkhuba ezifana sokukhathalela. Kanye ithonya nokuphazamisa ukusimama komnotho, nokuhlonipha asebekhulile, nokunakekela izingane nabesifazane - manje isikhathi sokuba ukuvela indoda libhekene ngezinga elikhulu.