Kungani amakhompyutha? Izindawo ukusetshenziswa kwe-computer. I-computer yokuqala

Ubani phakathi kwethu ongakaze wacabanga mayelana nekhompyutha lapho uya khona? Kanjani le "irobhothi" asenzela kona, ngokusisiza emsebenzini, futhi ngosuku! Singakanani isikhathi esisinikela, kodwa kungakanani bese ugcine! Ikhompyutha - idivaysi lusekelwe ngokuqinile ezimpilweni zethu, ekusizeni ukugcwalisa izinselele elula futhi kunzima kakhulu, usixoxela futhi eba.

Kuyini lokhu?

Ingabe ngizibuze mayelana nokuthi kungani kudingeka amakhompyutha? Bambalwa abantu ngokugcwele wonke amalungu afanayo imisebenzi, lapho ukusebenza la "imishini". Kodwa ukuthi zazivelaphi nendlela ngakho ngokushesha ekuphileni kwethu? Ikhompyutha nge English elihunyushwe ngokuthi "ikhompyutha". Lesi sici kwaba kwaba umsebenzi wokuqala ngqá zedivayisi. ukukhuluma Cishe, umshini wokuqala wakhonza njengephayona wokubala.

Manje, lokhu indlela uyakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ethile. Kukholakala ukuthi iningi kule misebenzi yilawo yezamakhompyutha noma sixhaphaze abanye. Kodwa muva nje, ukuthuthukiswa ukuxhumana nomphakathi, okubalulekile umsebenzi okokufaka-okukhiphayo. Ukuthi konke ukuthenga enziwa nge kulandzelana lokufanele, usebenzisa uhlelo okungukuthi ngqo lokhu futhi wadala.

indaba

Ngokuvamile, ukukhumbula computer yokuqala kakhulu, izazi-mlando lokumba ukuhlaziya nezenzakalo eBabiloni lasendulo. Labe yasungulwa ngowokuqala ukushintshashintsha ukubala - abhakhasi abhakhasi. Kodwa uma ungeke uhambe kuze kufike ungabuyela ngesikhathi ingaphansi kweminyaka engu-100. Kwakungenxa 1941 izwe wabona idivayisi yokuqala enjalo. It iye yasungula uhlelo sezibalo American eHarvard Govard Eykson.

Yena ambalwa onjiniyela IBM BakaJehova baye wadala computer yokuqala ngesisekelo yokusebenza isikhathi Charles Babbage. Ngokusemthethweni, imoto waqala kuphela ngo-1944. Kwathiwa akenze igama elithi "UMarku 1". Siye ibekwe imishini e-Harvard University.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa PC yasetshenziswa dollar ayinkulungwane 500. Kulokhu, inhlangano ikhompyutha owenziwe izinto ezibizayo futhi eliphezulu. Mshini afakwe insimbi engagqwali namabhodlela. Idivayisi wathatha ubude 17 metres, lokuphakama kwakuzingalo cishe 2.5 amamitha. Ngakho, lokhu isisindo search inqubo kwaba amathani angaphezu kwangu-4. Ukuletha computer emsebenzini, kwakudingekile ukusebenzisa ezihlukahlukene iziyisikhombisa, udlulisela, ukushintshwa, eyayiminingi ezingaphezu kuka-750 izicucu.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, imoto eseke izintambo, ubude okuyinto amakhilomitha 800. Nokho, i-computer enamandla kuba imisebenzi sasivumela lasekuqaleni. Yena abhekana ngayo okulinganiselwe izinombolo - 72 nje kuphela, lalinabashumayeli zedesimali 23. Uhlelo kungaba ukhupha uqambe futhi bachitha zonke lezi izinqubo akukho kuka imizuzwana 3. Zokuphindaphinda, kwakudinga ezingaphezu kuka-6 imizuzwana, yilelo nalelo libe nesigaba kwenziwa ngemizuzwana engu-15.

Ngenxa yalokho, ososayensi baye bakwazi ukuthola i nemishini ethuthukile kubalwa, eyayisetshenziselwa perforated iphepha tape ufaka idatha. Naphezu yakhe asobala wamanje izilo lobuchwepheshe, wayesalokhu benza zonke izibalo ngaphandle kosizo indoda, futhi ngaleyo ndlela, kube yigxathu elikhulu maqondana ezishintshayo.

neminye

Empeleni, ukuthi "Marku 1" ikhompyutha ngowokuqala deal impikiswano. Kuleli isikolo kunezinkolelo-mbono eziningi. Kube yikona okuvame ukukhumbuleka isikhathi Konrad Zuse nge umshini wakhe Z1, eyamiswa ngo-1938. Yaziwa lokuqala electronic computer digital e-US, okuyinto waqala ukukhuluma ngo-1942. Nakuba engazange sekuqediwe, kodwa kungaba sibonelo futhi ugqozi elandelayo imishini.

ukwehluka

Lapho umuntu buyingozi umbuzo: "Kungani sidinga amakhompyutha na?" + Ifanekisela kwenguqulo evamile ye-PC noma laptop uma eziphuthumayo. Kodwa lena kuphela ingxenye encane kudivayisi ngaphansi igama elifanayo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, amadeski zingahlukaniswa zibe yasekhaya futhi iseva, kukhona workstations, ongakhetha siqu, omunye-ucezu, amageyimu, izikhungo media, njll

Kumakhompyutha zihlanganisa ama-apharathasi elilula kuhlanganise netbooks, amaphilisi, nettopy. Kube anamandla, ezibandakanya mini, supermini, siqu futhi mainframe. Inketho zokugcina - it is a computer enamandla kakhulu, yakhelwe ukusebenza okuphezulu futhi imisebenzi isisetshenziswa khudlwana. Kuvamise kunenqwaba RAM inkumbulo kudivayisi yangaphandle isetshenziselwa batch processing kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Ukuze amakhompyutha amancane mobile sonke ayizintandokazi amafoni smart, ama-laptops, abasizi-personal digital, amaphilisi, e-izincwadi zakho njalo njalo. Abantu abaningi ukhohlwe ukuthi ukuphela e zokudlela nezitolo - futhi ikhompyutha ezohumusha electronic, wokubala, njll

Zalelo nani elikhulu lamadivayisi kuba sobala ukuthi injongo yabo zingase zishintshe kakhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi kakhulu impela ezingalindelekile.

design

Kuyoze kube phakade ekuthuthukiseni izimoto zanamuhla ziye got ezihlukahlukene fashion design. inhlangano computer, okuyinto kubasebenzisi abaningi - cishe lutho uma kuqhathaniswa iseva design iziteshi futhi onobuhle enamandla efanayo. Nokho kukhona nezindinganiso ezithile futhi algorithm, okuletha ndawonye zonke izinhlobo amakhompyutha.

Lapho abantu siqale ukucabanga mayelana nomklamo zedivayisi, ngizibuze kungaba umshini uhlobo digital noma uhlelo analog. Ukuze okufana lokuqala kusebenza leyehlukene eziguquguqukayo zezinombolo noma ezingokomfanekiso. uhlobo Analog yakhelwe ukusingatha ukugeleza enkulu yolwazi. Yiqiniso, ukhetho lokuqala ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisi.

Ngu-analog manje idingekile ukuze nomograms, imithetho slide, ibanga eliphakathi kwezinto ezisemkhathini, oscilloscopes, amathelevishini ngisho ingqondo.

isicelo

Ukubuyela isihloko esithi "Yini engingayenza ukusebenzisa ikhompuyutha," kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi sisekhona uhla olugcwele lwemisebenzi eyenziwa kunzima ukuphenya. Futhi akunakwenzeka zonke izinqubo zamanje ukuthi ikhompyutha engikhiphela kukhona kumkhawulo amakhono ayo.

Nokho, uma sikhuluma izindlela owaziwa ukusetshenziswa, into yokuqala efika emqondweni: PC izimfuno umsebenzi nokuzijabulisa. Lesi sakamuva ezidumile ikakhulukazi manje, futhi ahlanganisa zemfundo kusiza abafundi abaningi ukuba ukushintsha ukuqeqeshwa kwabo futhi uthole ulwazi oluthe xaxa.

ukuzijabulisa

Wonke umuntu uyakhumbula mayelana game of chess ne-computer. Lapho kwakukhona okufana ithuba, abantu nje ngimangaliswe amathuba umshini. Okulandelayo kwangena ezihlukahlukene imidlalo ikhadi nezinye puzzle. Manje zimboza ingxenye eyodwa wayo yonke imidlalo kuyinto ngiyaphupha. tournaments ngobukhulu emhlabeni labetibambile imidlalo ye-computer, okuyinto ziqoqwa izinkundla abalandeli futhi umklomelo ngaphezu $ 20 million.

Mayelana ukuzijabulisa sikhunjuzwa hhayi kuphela ungumdlali PC kanye laptops, kodwa futhi amageyimu, PDA kanye Smartphones. Lesi sakamuva, yebo, yiba izici ukusebenza, kodwa namanje ukucindezelwa kwakuvame ukusetshenziswa njengezaba ukujabulisa kudivayisi esisiza kudlule isikhathi endleleni.

Ngaphezu umdlalo we-chess ngekhompyutha wenze ezihlukahlukene amageyimu amaphrojekthi ukuzijabulisa zibandakanya ukubukela amabhayisikobho, izimakethe nezinhlelo ze-TV, ulalele alalelwayo, umsakazo noma izincwadi. izinkambo virtual iminyuziyamu yeshashalazi, nemibukiso, lokwentiwako, njll

kumiswa

Abantu abaningi abasha ukhohlwe ukuthi kukhompyutha, ngaphezu ukuzijabulisa, senzelwe ukuqeqeshwa. Lena enye yazo imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu, okwenza kube okungagcini nje ukwelekelela ulwazi ekhona, kodwa futhi ukuthola amasha. Ngakho, ehlezi endaweni yokuthela, ikhompyutha, singayeka kalula zidlule yokufunda ibanga, self-imfundo, ukufunda izincwadi, ulalele futhi ubuke ividiyo izifundo, ukufunda ezihlukahlukene izinqubo ekwandiseni khathizwe.

Izindawo computer izicelo ahlukahlukene ukuze zivame munye. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, ukuxhumana kanye nemfundo kusisiza kalula ukufunda izilimi ezintsha noma thola abangani ukusuka emhlabeni wonke.

ukuxhumana

Iqiniso lokuthi PC isetshenziswa njengoba wokuxhumana, hhayi Kuhle kokusho. Wonke umuntu uyazi ngakho. Manje usebenzisa ikhompyutha yakho noma indawo yesikhulumi ukuhlangabezana futhi ukuxhumana, kunalokho, kudala izinkinga ezithile emphakathini. Abantu uthembele ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi, izinkundla namabhulogi. Nakuba, uma ukhethe lokhu ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-computer lula ngempela kithi ukwazi abantu abavela emagumbini ezahlukene wonke.

Wenza zokuxhumana okusheshayo, lula yokufuna idatha for umsebenzi, ngakho imfundo kanye nezinye imisebenzi.

umsebenzi

Ikhompyutha umsebenzi, yebo, futhi yithuluzi elibalulekile. Kunzima ukucabanga umuntu kusukela abasebenzi, ababengeke ukusebenzisa le divayisi. Ezitolo nabathengisi ukwenza inombolo nto PC, afeze yokukhokha non-cash ngokusebenzisa imishini, njll

Izinkampani ezinkulu sibonga amakhompyutha usethe inethiwekhi ukusebenzela ukuthumela idatha, zingabantu ukulungisa okusheshayo nokwenza ushintsho. Abanye amabhizinisi ezinkulu ukusungula PC zabo omkhulu izinhlelo uhlelo ukuphathwa inkampani. Futhi, akumangalisi ukuhlangabezana umbhali PC desktop, intatheli noma copywriter, ngoba sekuyisikhathi eside imishini yokubhala okuphume imfashini babe izesekeli ezithakazelisayo kuphela noma umhlobiso ingaphakathi.

Ngenxa yalokho, uma namanje awazi ukuthi kungani sidinga amakhompyutha, kucabange ukusebenzisa lokho abantu ukudala izithombe, izithombe, uwahlele, base amasayithi, typeset incwadi, umagazini, iphephandaba, futhi ezihlukahlukene okubhaliwe nezakhiwo electronic. Njengoba manje wadala womculo namabhayisikobho, nendlela lezi zinto ezisebenza ngayo izibalo. Ekugcineni, ngubani eba, imiklamo, izici noma izinhlelo.

ubuchwepheshe

Uma sixoxa ngezinkinga ethize, kodwa manje cishe zonke futhi wonke umuntu angakwazi nginitshele ukuthi kungani sidinga kumakhompyutha futhi asetshenziswa lapho. Ngokwesibonelo, ohlelweni lempi missile ukuzivikela noma isikhala esiphethwe yi-PC. Zonke izenzakalo ngokomzimba noma ucwaningo esakhiwe onobuhle athuthukile usebenzisa umshini okuzenzakalelayo.

Kuphethe zezibalo, amakhemikhali, cwaningo ngokomzimba kanye nezinye izibalo eyenziwa imishini. Imisebenzi abangu ezenzakalelayo isikhathi eside, hhayi nje kuphela lezo elihlobene ne-izibalo, kodwa ngisho phakathi odokotela.

Ukwakhiwa esigabeni design futhi okuzenzakalelayo futhi kulawulwa PC izinhlelo. Zonke izenzakalo ezinkulu, kuhlanganise imincintiswano, ukuzijabulisa imibukiso, njll asekelwe ngekhompyutha, kanye nabantu ukugijima nabo.

Ngokuvamile, chaza degree of ukubaluleka PC e ukuphila komuntu ngamunye njengokuyigugu, umphakathi kanye nesimo sisonke kunzima kakhulu. Manje, yonk 'indawo, singakwazi ukubona ikhompuyutha izinguqulo ezihlukahlukene ezazenziwa. Njengoba sekunama-Inthanethi, le indlela ziqine langena ezimpilweni zethu, abanye esikhundleni TV kanye nabezindaba bendabuko, ukuxhumana nabangani kanye nomndeni. Abanye babe ithuluzi esisemqoka kulo msebenzi futhi isifundo, futhi othile - umqashi.