Kufanekisa - kuyini? Incazelo incazelo

Phakathi kufanekisa kwaba omunye Amathrendi ezigqame esiphawulekayo iningi yesimanjemanje, okuyinto yaba nethonya elinamandla ukuthuthukiswa yobuciko, izinkondlo, umculo nezincwadi. Isici esikhethekile kwaba ukuthi esikhundleni isithombe kwezobuciko , baqala ukusebenzisa uhlamvu othize, lapho bakhomba kokuhlukana wokuphila kanye search for iqiniso elimsulwa.

Izici

Kufanekisa. Asho ukuthini leli gama? Isici yalesi Yiqiniso kwaba ukuthi ushintsho akuyona kukodwa nje ubuciko, izincwadi noma umculo, futhi sebeguqule indlela kulezi zigaba. I Symbolists babe experimenters, babefuna okuthile okusha, jikelele futhi uyisithelo esiyisimanga. Ngenxa yale njongo, ezithile izimpawu, izimpawu, nezimfumbe, izimfihlo, Amacebo ne-innuendo.

Iqhaza main udlalwa isiqondiso umcabango womuntu. Lokho kwakha umfanekiso othile noma ukuhlobana into noma mkhuba futhi isendleleni. Kufanekisa, Acmeism, Futurism nezinye izindawo le nkathi kwadingeka ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu okwalandela isiko, izincwadi, umculo nezobuciko.

Ukuvela kwegama elithi

Direction kufanekisa uvele eminyakeni 60-70 kwekhulu le-19 eFrance. Kusukela lapho-ke zasakazekela nakwamanye amazwe. nezimiso zaKhe eyayibekelwe estetichekie imbongi Jean Moreanosom esihlokweni sakhe "kufanekisa."

Yini kwasikiselwa ngumlobi? Moreans umangalele ukuthi uphawu - kuphambene yokufundisa, mpendulo nezincazelo eside. Umqondo kufanele amelwe ngesimo esithile sezinzwa, esingalapheki kungenzeka ibangelwa imaging. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umlobi wasebenzisa ukuba silandele isitayela esithile, kuhlanganise imfihlakalo, eziyinkimbinkimbi kwemagama, kohliso amahloni.

ubufakazi

Imfihlakalo futhi inkolo eyayinaso - akusiwona konke has kufanekisa. Kuyini lokhu isiqondiso ngempela? Lokhu kungabonakala ngosizo izici zayo:

• Isifiso sokuzenzela isithombe esiphelele emhlabeni.
• Ukudluliswa amaza ezicashile kakhulu futhi imperceptible komphefumulo.
• asinazo izithombe High, kalula futhi musicality.
• Amacebo Isicelo futhi final evulekile.
• Izinga eliphezulu ukusetshenziswa umsindo nezisetshenziswa Rhythmic kwezincwadi kanye izinkondlo.
• Ukugcwala kwemagama kuyehluka kantsi kunebugagu izinhlamvu.
• Aestheticization sokufa.
• Umumo ukuba elite umfundi.

Kuvele isici esibalulekile wayebuye yokuthi amanye amagama abe cipher, imfihlo ezingase ukwembula indoda ngosizo emcabangweni wakhe nomphefumulo.

Izenzo Yiqiniso ezincwadini, izinkondlo kanye art

Kufanekisa, Acmeism nezinye izindawo ziye zazithonya elinamandla izincwadi, ubuciko kanye izinkondlo. Bagcwalisa kubo ngencazelo entsha kanye avunyelwe ukuba sicabangele endoda ngokwayo.

Njengoba for ubuciko, kule nkathi, libhekene ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zesifazane ethulwa ngesimo kwezilwane, izihlahla noma nenqubo engokwemvelo. It ikuvumela ukudala izinhlangano eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi allegories. Iqiniso kufihlwe kuphuma ehlweni lomuntu, kodwa kuyabonakala esebenzisa ukwaziswa okulethwa yizinzwa bese uxhuma indima enganakile.

kufanekisa Literary inomlando sijule kakhulu ocebile. Labalobi kwalesi sikhathi wadala izinto eziwutalagu, izimpawu imfihlo kanye nezimpawu, okuyinto Ngokuhlakanipha nokwelukiweyo phakathi temibhalo yephrozi. Izibonelo zalokhu angumsebenzi Dzhona Steynbeka, uWilliam Golding nabanye.

Izinkondlo isibe kwesigubhu ngobukhulu futhi olunzulu kufanekisa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinkondlo babe izincazelo ezimbalwa, banjalo ekahle yokuzalela umhlabathi uxhumano imihlola kanye nezimpawu zabo, kanye nokusetshenziswa ukukhohlisa, izingathekiso imfihlakalo.

Umahluko phakathi kwalokhu kufanekisa nezinye imisinga

Esikhathini 19 ngasekupheleni - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, kukhona izinkomba eziningi empilweni yesimanjemanje, ezithinta izici ezifanayo, kodwa kukhona izitayela eyingqayizivele kanye original. Kubalulekile uqaphele okulandelayo:

• Acmeism. It iphuma kufanekisa Nokho, wazibonakalisa kuye. Direction Kulindeleke okubalulekile, ubulula izithombe futhi amagama afanelekayo.
• Futurism. Ngesisekelo kwaba ukwenqaba ezihlukahlukene eyeqisayo kwamasiko nokubhujiswa kwabo. Indawo ebalulekile kuhlala imishini nezinqubo yokuphila yasedolobheni, lapho imbongi wabona ikusasa emhlabeni.
• Cubo. Libhekene ukwenqaba izimiso esidlule futhi gxila esizayo. Ezinkondlweni, ezingomeni esetshenziswa occasionalisms ethusayo.
• Egofuturizm. Ngenxa yalesi endaweni libhekene nekusetjentiswa kwemagama lamasha angaphandle, ukutshala imizwa okumsulwa futhi emizweni, ithuba lokubonisa ukuthi isifiso azithande.
• Imagism. Ngenxa yalesi sifundo ukudala isisekelo isithombe esithile. Izindlela eziyinhloko yokukhuluma, elalisetshenziswa ukwenza lokhu - kungcono isingathekiso, kanye lonke iqembu ehilela futhi flails. Ngenxa yalesi endaweni libhekene ukusetshenziswa imibono anarchist futhi etapazha.

Kufanekisa, Acmeism, Futurism nezinye izindawo ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, waba nethonya elinamandla endleleni umculo, ubuciko, izinkondlo, izincwadi kanye nempucuko jikelele.

Izici kufanekisa Russian

okufushane Russian inkambo ababenayo ekuqaleni izici ezifanayo kanye Ukucaciswa kube sentshonalanga, kodwa ekugcineni yabonisa izici zayo siqu. Aestheticization zokuphila futhi panestetizm - sekhaya, eyayintula kufanekisa Russian. Kuyini lokhu? Lokhu libhekisela esifisweni ukufaka esikhundleni logic ekhona futhi kuhlanzekile ngokokuziphatha ezihlukahlukene ezimangalisayo.

Symbolists Russian ugqozi nkathi komlando romanticism, zasendulo Yempucuko. Art ibonwa ibe umnakekeli konke amahle futhi zihlanzekile. kubalulekile ikakhulukazi uxhumano ne isiko labantu, isimo, futhi inhlabathi. Loku kuhlukile ukugeleza kufanekisa Russian kwamanye amazwe.

yobudala Isiliva

Leli gama ubizwa isikhathi okwenyanga zezinkondlo isiRashiya, eyabonakala ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Le nkathi ezihambisana namagama ezifana Nikolay Gumilev Aleksandr Blok, uVladimir Mayakovsky futhi abanye abantu ngendlela ephawulekayo.

Umfanekiso Silver Ubudala bekulokhu engalingani zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili:

• Senior. Izimbongi wesikhathi beqonda kufanekisa kudalwa imizwa kanye namagugu kwezobuciko. Kufeza indima ebalulekile lapha sobuhle bayo. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa Bryusov, Balmont, Merezhkovsky, Sologub, nabanye.
• Junior. Kufanekisa ibonwa njengoba enzeka zefilosofi nezenkolo. Lokhu imelelwa amagama block, Mhlophe, Ivanov et al.

Kufanekisa - umugqa eliqhakazile yesimanjemanje, eyayintula nethonya elinamandla endleleni umculo, izinkondlo, izincwadi nezobuciko. Isici nobuntu inkambo kwaba sokuba bangasebenzisi imifanekiso yanoma imfihlakalo, vagueness, okuyinto angavulwa esebenzisa umcabango izinzwa. Kufanekisa kwadingeka kuningi abafana nabanye izindawo ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, Nokho, engafani okwakhe kanye ehlukile.

ngokukhethekile kufanele anikwe sona eRussia, lapho kwakuvame ukuba imibono Western, kodwa wanikela izici ayo ehlukile futhi izici. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuxhumana nabantu isimo futhi yezikhalazo kwezinkathi zomlando ezahlukene.