Kanjani ukuze uthole umdlavuza futhi yini okufanele uyenze ukuze kuvinjelwe lesi sifo?

Ukuze umuntu ngamunye yizwa izwi emlonyeni udokotela abomkhaya wakho kufana nokuthi isigwebo sentambo. Yingakho abantu abaningi bagweme luhlolo ngesikhathi esifanele ngochwepheshe ngenxa yokwesaba ukuze ufunde mayelana uphethwe esabekayo.

Ososayensi bathi isikhathi ukuxilonga somdlavuza zisaqala ingelapheka ngempumelelo. I ngiqaphele abantu elaseYurophu nempilo lingaphezulu kakhulu kunalelo abaseRussia.

Kodwa okumqoka ekhathaza ezingqondweni zabantu: "Indlela nomdlavuza?" Naphezu ucwaningo engapheli kodokotela, umsuka osithekile isifo emzimbeni womuntu namanje uhlala engadalulwanga. Universal ikhambi umdlavuza ingakamiswa yasungulwa.

Umlando Cancer Research

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu ukhathalela isifo engaziwa ukuthi ebhubhisa ezisencane nasebekhulile. Ngesifo efaniswe izimpawu umdlavuza okukhulunywa zemihla baseGibhithe lasendulo, ogama yobudala engu-3000. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi isifo kuba njengoba endala njengoba isintu. Igama elithi "umdlavuza" wethula Gippokrat owayegade inqubo sokugembula umdlavuza webele iziguli. Wabiza isifo "onkos", okusho ukuthi "ukuvuvukala".

Kuze phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi kwakukhona kuvinjelwe asike izidumbu zabantu lwemizimba ngemva kokufa, futhi ucwaningo umdlavuza kumisiwe. Emakhulwini eminyaka th 17-18 kwafika Ukukhanyiselwa. Odokotela baye bathola imvume yokufuya ukufunda izimbangela nasekufeni kwebantfu, esebenzisa ukuvulwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, le yesayensi yomdlavuza uye wagxumela phambili. zonke izinhlobo futhi izigaba zesifo eziye zatholakala, futhi isintu ukuza ukufa. Into embi kakhulu kwaba ukuthi akukacaci ngokuphelele indlela nomdlavuza?

Kamuva, odokotela baye bafunda ukwehlukanisa phakathi isimila ngesisekelo amathuba okusinda yesiguli womuntu. Baqala ihlukaniswe ingozi nesibulalayo. I wokuqala wayehlukile ukukhula kancane, futhi Ukudlulela uvinjelwe ngokuphepha isuswe ngu ukuhlinzwa. izimila ebulalayo ayehlukile ngesimo sawo ukuthi savela ngokushesha okukhulu, kepha anoyiphonsa Ukudlulela womuntu. Lawa amaseli okuyinto abahlukene isimila umzali kanye yegazi noma lymph uhlelo kwasakazeka umzimba womuntu, noma ukuhambisa ngaphakathi izimbotshana umzimba. Bakha ubuthi futhi kucindezela amaseli enempilo. Zidle oluningi kakhulu glucose egazini, bona beswela ukudla kwamanye amangqamuzana eziyishumi nemitshingo. Ubuthi umdlavuza ubuthi umzimba mpilo futhi lufe.

Kanjani ukuqala isifo umdlavuza?

Kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu noma ukufinyelela isimila, ke evela kuseli eyodwa. Njengoba uma iyunithi ezivame kakhulu i umzimba, ke kwenziwa umsebenzi evamile. Kodwa-ke kwenzeka into, futhi lena cell umzimba ukuba babe umfokazi futhi ayisekho bayayilalela imithetho izitho zomzimba. Kuze kube manje, hhayi kushintshile ngokubukeka, amasosha omzimba nama-ejenti akazange umthinte. Kodwa ngokushesha, amangqamuzana aqala ukuzihlukanisa wande ningaphezi. Ngoba izinto ayesanda kumiswa kudingeka owawudinga amandla. Bagwala ke kusukela emfudlaneni igazi. Ngakho-ke, le umdlavuza kuyinto izinhlelo semithambo athuthukile. Sucking egazini labo bonke ushukela, isimila uyayeka likhula futhi buthaka umzimba aphethe. Lena indlela isampula kanjani nomdlavuza. Kodwa kungani lokhu kwenzeka namanje akwaziwa ukuthi waphelelaphi.

Ososayensi wasivalela amathemba amakhulu phezu sokuqonda zofuzo lomuntu. Bacabanga ukuthi le khodi bazokwazi ukuthola indlela yokuxazulula impikiswano yokuthi izimbangela umdlavuza. Kodwa amathemba eziningi yayiyize. Ngisho ukudalula yokuthi kuyi-DNA yomuntu has nezici ezithile ukuze umdlavuza, ukwelapha isifo esibi ezakhini zofuzo, ngeke baze bakwazi ukuwenza.

engcupheni

Ocwaningweni umbuzo kanjani nomdlavuza, ososayensi baye bashiya eziningi izimfihlakalo. Kodwa kusobala ukuthi bakwazi ukunquma ukuthi yiziphi izici zingase zibangele ukwakheka izimila. Lezi zizathu zihlonzwe engcupheni. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• Carcinogens. Emuva e usosayensi ukutholakala sika-Pott kwekhulu le-18 British senziwa: libhubhisa kushimula yikhensa scrotum lungaphezu kaningi kunamanye amadoda. Isizathu salokhu - the contact njalo umule. Lezi izinto futhi zihlanganisa asbestos, intuthu kagwayi, 3,4-benzopyrene nabanye.
• Kushisa bhé kule ndawo. izibonelo Sad Hiroshima futhi Nagasaki, futhi eChernobyl, baye babonisa ososayensi ukuthi ionizing emisebeni eyingozi kuba sezingeni yisisusa esinamandla ekuthuthukiseni izimila anomdlavuza. Izigameko zokushona kwabantu ngemva ngemisebe anda izikhathi ezingamashumi amane.
• igciwane lohlobo. Bokuthola umdlavuza ngoba amagciwane - akusiwona inganekwane. It is wafakazela ukuthi abantu papilloma virus kungase kubangele owesifazane enezinwele umdlavuza wesibeletho. Lesifo angadluliselwa ucansi, futhi abesifazane ngokuvamile ukushintsha ophathina, basengozini nesifo somdlavuza.
• nezici ezithile Ukubambezeleka. Kwezokwelapha, kukhona into okuthiwa "umndeni umdlavuza". Kodwa wazi kanjani ukuthi yini amathuba ingane nomdlavuza? Ngempela, uma umndeni kukhona ezinye iziguli ezinomdlavuza ematfuba yokugula lokhu kwanda isifo. Kodwa ukuba azalelwe emndenini okunjalo akusho ukuba umuntu ukuthi ogulayo njalo futhi afe ngenxa yomdlavuza. Sikhuluma mayelana nezici ezithile ngaleyo ndlela kungenzeka zingabonisi.
• Ukubona ukuphila komuntu. Yini umuntu odla, iziphuzo, futhi kanjani ohlobene umzimba wakho oluthinta ngqo impilo yakhe. Ithonya imikhuba emibi, ikakhulukazi ukubhema, phezu okuvela kuyo umdlavuza lufakazelwa kweminyaka yocwaningo kule ndawo.

Izici yokwelapha abantu abanomdlavuza

Bonke abantu bayazi ukuthi lesi sifo kulula ukuze kuvinjelwe kuka ukuze ikhambi. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi umdlavuza. Udokotela elaphe kolwelwesi ukugijima, kodwa kwaba njalo endabeni ka esigabeni yokugcina umdlavuza akayena Cishe ukunikeza Izibikezelo ezinhle.

Ochwepheshe avame ukuba ngempela okuhle umdlavuza ikhambi e zisaqala. Le nqubo akhethiwe luyingxenye ngabanye. Ukuhlinzwa, ngemisebe noma imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali - zonke lezi zindlela ezingezansi ngempumelelo, kodwa esifike ngesikhathi ukufuna usizo iziguli. Emva impatho odokotela bahlulelwe ukuphumelela izinyathelo ngokoMthetho oneminyaka emihlanu isilinganiso lokusinda. Uma ngalesi sikhathi nokuvuselelwa is umdlavuza neze lazenza wazizwa, odokotela baphetha ngokuthi umuntu enempilo.

Ake sibheke indlela ungathola umdlavuza.

Ngingathola umdlavuza?

Ngemva kokuzwa ukuthi umuntu onomdlavuza, nabasizi bakhe ngezinye izikhathi ungahlosile uzama angasondeli kuye. Odokotela bavame ukuzwa iziguli zabo lo mbuzo: "Ingabe uthola umdlavuza" ososayensi ucwaningo lwakamuva kulo mkhakha luye lwabonisa ukuthi kukhona amagciwane anomthelela umdlavuza. Lezi Amagciwane zihlanganisa:

• Igciwane of ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B no-C bese Ezimweni eziningi basuke ngobulili ngokobulili noma ngegazi. Uma emzimbeni, kuthinte isibindi. Kuyaqala eyeseli division esebenzayo, kukhona ukuvuvukala ingozi ukuguqulwa inyama ephilile endaweni umdlavuza.
• Human Papilloma Virus. It is ezithathelwana ngobulili nasezinhlotsheni kungaholela kumdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Ngokwandisa imvamisa ushintsho abalingani kwandisa ingozi sowesifazane nomdlavuza. Ukugonywa ngokumelene Papillomavirus ayikwazi ukwenza 100% ukuvimbela okuvela kuyo umdlavuza, Ubuye isisindo Izimo.
• I-Herpes amagciwane, kuhlanganise Epstein-Barr igciwane. Ubonisa izimpawu of angina futhi kwandisa ingozi wegazi.

Ungakwazi yini ukuthola umdlavuza isisu?

Kukholakala ukuthi igciwane Helicobacter pylori kungabangela lokhu izinhlungu zokugula okungathí sina. Ngingabakha kanjani ubuhlobo umdlavuza isisu? Ukuqabula isiguli, noma ophuza ingilazi yakhe? Ungethuki. Igciwane ayikanye imbangela yokuba nomdlavuza. Uma ulwelwesi lwamafinyila we isisu lilimele ke umzimba kungaholela ulceration. Lokhu zokugula, yena, uyakwazi kushiya emdlavuzeni. Kodwa isilonda kubangelwa Helicobacter pylori, ingelapheka ngempumelelo ngemithi elwa namagciwane. Ingozi yomdlavuza kuphakamisa ukhuluphele, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile inyama ebomvu kanye nezinye izici eziyingozi esesichaziwe.

Indlela umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho?

Abesifazane abaningi banesithakazelo umbuzo indlela yokugwema umdlavuza wesibeletho? Ochwepheshe ukunikeza eziningi izincomo:

• ukuvakashelwa esifike ngesikhathi futhi njalo udokotela wezifo zabesifazane. abesifazane survey imvamisa kule Uchwepheshe kufanele okungenani kabili ngonyaka ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa uphuthu. Kule modi kungenzeka ukuthola ngesikhathi ukubonakala izimila noma ezinye izinguquko sokugembula emizimbeni wesistimu ngokobulili yowesifazane. Lokhu kusiza impendulo esifike inkinga - sifeze ukwelashwa kudingekile - bese ugcine ungangeni khona izinkinga ezinkulu nakakhulu esikhathini esizayo.
• A zokuvimbela inzalo ofanele futhi eqotho. Ukuhlela ngokufanele kuyosiza izingane abesifazane ukugwema isisu. Njengoba kuboniswe umkhuba izifo zabesifazane, ababili kwabathathu besifazane umdlavuza wesibeletho aye ayisebenzisa kaningi isisu. Ngamunye isisu kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza by 8%.
• Gwema ukwenza ubulili nomuntu ongathandani futhi njalo umlingani ushintsho. Phakathi ocansini olungavikelekile kwenzeka yokudlulisela igciwane, okubangela umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.
• Umgomo ngokumelene HPV. Lesi isilinganiso siyasebenza ngokumelene 80% zezintaka silwanyana.

Kanjani umdlavuza ubuchopho?

Odokotela Awukwazi ukuphendula ngokucacile umbuzo kanjani nomdlavuza ebuchosheni. Ukuze sithole izimbangela zalesi umzimba Oncology isayensi ayikakwazi. Nokho, odokotela bakwazi ukujwayelana iqembu zezici ezingenza kumiswa izimila ebuchosheni. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• I ufuzo. Ingxenye umdlavuza ubuchopho uyakwazi ukwenzeka kubantu abanesikhathi umndeni ezinjengesifo. Futhi, eziningi syndromes angase avuse umdlavuza. Lezi zihlanganisa neurofibromatosis lokuqala kanye nohlobo yesibili, Gorlin syndrome ne Turco.
• Kushisa bhé kule ndawo, noma ngemisebe ionizing. Lokhu isici esihambelana umkhakha abasebenzi zenuzi. Engozini sihlanganisa iziguli ziphathwe ukwelashwa ngemisebe ekhanda njengendlela yokwelapha.
• amakhemikhali umdlavuza. Abantu abasebenza epulasitikini futhi izindwangu, nabo basengozini ngenxa ukuvala amakhemikhali ayingozi.

Impikiswano umthelela ebuchosheni kumadivayisi eselula kanye ukulimala siqu. Akunqunywa ukuhlanganisa okuqondile phakathi kwabo futhi okuvela umdlavuza ubuchopho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abantu abane Oncology kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini lokhu umzimba ngeke wadalula lezi zici ethile.

Yikuphi kungaholela kumdlavuza igazi?

Kubantu abaningi, akukho okubi nakakhulu njengoba egula umdlavuza wegazi. Namuhla lesi sifo abathi ukuphila kwamakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu, futhi isizathu ivela khona namanje imfihlakalo odokotela. Noma kunjalo, ucwaningo kule ndawo zinikezwe ulwazi esicacile oluxhumekeke engabangela wegazi. Phakathi kwabo, nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:

• Kushisa bhé kule ndawo. Abantu obala izingozi enengcuphe enkulu ngokwanele ezihlukahlukene wegazi: myeloid acute, myelocytic esingamahlalakhona noma lymphoblastic oyingozi.
• Ukubhema ugwayi nakho kwandisa ingozi wegazi myeloblastic efomini oyingozi.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nokushiswa njengendlela yokwelapha yamafomu ezihlukahlukene zomdlavuza kungenzeka provocateur wegazi.
• izifo Chromosomal imvelo esingokwemvelo, ezifana-Down syndrome, wandise nengozi yokuba nomdlavuza wegazi.
• Ufuzo kuyaqabukela ephelezelwa emdlavuzeni igazi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kuba wegazi lymphocytic.

Kodwa ngisho noma umuntu uvezwe eyodwa noma ngaphezulu izici, lokhu akusho ukuthi ngempela ke bazogula, ene-leukemia. Lesi sifo zingase zingaveli.

Njengoba kukhona umdlavuza wamaphaphu?

On ngezingozi zokubhema ngamuzwa wonke umuntu osemhlabeni. Nokho, abantu ababhemayo lokhu akubi kancane. Ngokwezibalo, 90% izimo lokhu kuyimbangela eyinhloko isici ayeke ukunisa ekuthuthukiseni zomdlavuza umgudu wokuphefumula lomuntu. Heavy ababhemayo awuboni wayegula kanjani nge umdlavuza wamaphaphu. intuthu kagwayi kuqukethe carcinogens, okuyinto ngesikhathi ukuvezwa kwesikhathi eside epithelium bronchial eziphula isakhiwo, epithelium columnar liphenduka multilayered flat, futhi kukhona umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Engozini futhi yekwentiwa ababhemayo.

Ngu zezici ayingozi angabangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu, futhi zihlanganisa:

• Negesi ezingcoliswe uzibona emadolobheni amakhulu.
• Amakhemikhali-carcinogens: chromium, i-arsenic, nickel, asbestos.
• ukuvuvukala Okungalapheki umgudu wokuphefumula.
• sofuba adlulisiwe.
• cystic yamaphaphu.

Noma yiziphi izinguquko sokugembula kuyabonakala ku x-ray kwamaphaphu. Ngakho-ke, kufanele uthathe esifubeni X-ray ngonyaka.

Ukuze ukwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwakhe umdlavuza

Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, akekho usephephile okuvela umdlavuza. Nokho, lokhu okulandelayo ezinye iziqondiso ungakwazi kakhulu ingozi yalesi sifo esibi. Odokotela aseluleke indlela yokuphila, hhayi ukuze uthole umdlavuza. Nazi lezi ziqondiso ezilula:

• Thola ukuhlukana takbakokureniya futhi ukunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza by izikhathi 10.
• Thatha ukuhlolwa igazi for izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Uma umuntu unaleli gciwane lwegciwane eziyingozi, kubalulekile ukuqapha njalo isimo sempilo yabo.
• Ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba. enempilo, ukuphumula ngokwanele, nokuvivinya umzimba amakilasi nokwenzeka, okugeza ukwelashwa, tempering - konke lokhu kuqinisa amasosha omzimba futhi eshiya isakwazi umdlavuza.
• Nakisisa esanele izivivinyo zokuvimbela. Kuyadingeka ukuba uvakashele njalo bonke abantu ilungelo futhi ukuhlolwa ezifanele. Isikhathi ukuxilonga umdlavuza cishe njalo siyelapheka.
• Gwema ukucindezeleka nemicabango engakhi. Lokuhle baphila isikhathi eside futhi kangcono.

Ukudla yokulwa nomdlavuza

Ochwepheshe ukusinika eziningi izincomo, kanjani ukudla ukuze bagweme umdlavuza. Kukhona iphethini okuqondile phakathi Ukudla ukwakheka kanye ingozi nesifo somdlavuza. Ngokwe-WHO, 40% zomdlavuza kwaphetha ngokuthi amadoda kanye 60% kubantu besifazane zihlobene amaphutha ekudleni.

Ukudla anti-umdlavuza has izindawo ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukudla kukhinyabeza ukugeleza carcinogens emzimbeni futhi ukusetshenziswa onkoprotektor zemvelo. Odokotela ukunikeza iziqondiso umsoco ezilandelayo:

• Beka umkhawulo ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ngibhema njengoba hydrocarbon polycyclic - kuyinto umdlavuza eqinile.
• isitoreji Ofanele imikhiqizo ashisa ngokwanele ongaphakeme kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa carcinogens kuzo.
• Iqiniso nendlela ekhethiwe ukupheka - ukuthi abilayo, stewing futhi kushunqe.
• ukudla lokushisa isilawuli: akufanele kube kushisa futhi buyabanda.
• Ungahlukumezi usawoti. Izinga Daily - 5 g, futhi ngokuvamile itholakala ukudla.
• Gwema ukudla ngokweqile, okuholela ukukhuluphala kanye nomdlavuza.
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa ezilwane esivuna ezitshalo.
• eyanele amavithamini namaminerali, efana E, A, C, D, B9, B2, B6, B5, i-potassium, selenium, iodine futhi kunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza.
• Ukudla fibre kunciphisa ingozi simila. Esikhathini ekudleni nsuku kufanele khona 5 servings of imifino, izithelo, okusanhlamvu bran imidumba.

isiphetho

Ubunjalo umdlavuza ingakamiswa ixazululwe by isayensi yezokwelapha zesimanje. Lesi sifo kungavuka abantu abavela umndeni ngokuphelele enempilo, futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, umuntu engozini ezicini zonke, ungase ngokujabula ukuphila ukuze Esegugile, engazi mayelana izifo oncological. Uma nje isintu ayitholakalanga impendulo yombuzo ukuthi abantu uthole umdlavuza, hhayi kusungulwe kuye imithi, singakwazi ukunciphisa izingozi futhi siphile ngokuvumelana nalokho zona imizimba yazo. Yiba enempilo futhi agule!