Izifo sendawo: ekutholeni izibonelo. Izifo eziningi ezimbi

Njengoba wazi, kunezigidi izifo emhlabeni. Iningi pathologies luvame zonke izifunda. Noma kunjalo, kukhona elinye iqembu - kuyinto izifo sekuphenduke umkhuba. Izifo ezihlala akwenzeki yonke indawo, kodwa kuphela ingxenye ethile womhlaba. Kuye yokudlanga zihlukaniswa: sendawo, Lobhubhane kanye bhubhane.

Ukuze izifo ezifana baphathe futhi isifo esibi ukuthi kwabulala izigidi zabantu. Phakathi kwabo: isifo, ikholera, umalaleveva. Njengazo zonke izifo sendawo, ukutheleleka waqala endaweni ethize, bese zasakazekela kulo lonke izwe kanye abizwa ngokuthi ubhadane lwezifo. Ngokuvamile, zokugula lesifunda abeqeli ngalé imingcele nasesifundazweni salo biogeographic.

izifo sendawo: umqondo

Izifo, esehlanganise esifundeni esithile abizwa ngokuthi umkhuba. Ngaphansi kwalezi pathologies kuyaqondakala ukuthi umthombo Inkinga iba imvelo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokuvamile, izifo ezifana izinkinga ngamanzi, inhlabathi noma emoyeni esifundeni. Ngokuvamile izifo sendawo elihlobene ne izimuncagazi ezihlala ezimweni ezithile zezulu (eNdiya, emazweni ase-Afrika). Izifo ezimbi kakhulu okwakugcwele Ephakathi futhi ngaphambili, futhi, okokuqala ingeyamakhosi izinkinga lesifunda. Ngenhlanhla, sibonga ukuthuthukiswa lwezifo nemithi, abazi zenzeka ezweni lanamuhla.

Izimbangela zezifo sendawo

Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zici etiological izifo sendawo zihlanganisa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye yisinanakazana. Abathwali lezi pathologies - namagundane noma izinambuzane. Kwezinye izimo, imbangela isifo - ukuntuleka izakhi mkhondo noma amavithamini. Ukuntuleka kokukhulumisana yingxube njenge-iodine, i-calcium, amavithamini C no-D, nsé abahluphayo umzimba sabantu abahlala endaweni ethize. Futhi kungaholela isifo futhi ngokweqile trace izakhi (isib fluoro).

Mshini yentuthuko endemies

Ngasinye sendawo has pathogenesis yayo eqondile isithombe emtholampilo. Okokuqala incike imbangela egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo. izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye ezibangelwa amagciwane we lwegciwane emgudwini wegazi kwabantu futhi liphindaphindeke kwezicubu zomzimba. Ngemva kwalokho, izimpawu isiguli ziqala ukuvela. izifo ezimweni eziningi zithwala yizinambuzane (omiyane, izimbungulu) namagundane. Kwezinye izifunda izifo sendawo elihlobene ne izimuncagazi ezihlala emanzini. Bona ukungena emzimbeni womuntu futhi wande khona. Ezimweni eziningi, isithombe emtholampilo eba nabo indle ezidala emgudwini wegazi.

Uma imbangela isifo Ukuntula sendawo amavithamini namaminerali, le pathogenesis lezi ezinye izifo. Ngenxa yokuthi umzimba ongawamukeli izinto ezithile uqale ukusebenza izindlela compensatory. Ngenxa yalokho, zazaziwa izitho hypertrophy, futhi umsebenzi wabo iphazamisekile. Isithombe basemtholampilo zokugula ngalinye incike onjani uhlelo ethintekile ngenxa yokuntula vitamin noma ulandelele isici.

isifo sendawo Ukuxhumana Epidemiology

izifo sendawo sibe nobuhlobo ngqo sezwe ababebeka anikezwa. Ukungabi noma ngokweqile izakhi mkhondo esifundeni kwandisa pathologies kule ndawo. Lezi zibonelo zihlanganisa ukwephulwa ezilandelayo: .. goiter sendawo, fluorosis, isifo urovskaya, ukhwekhwe, njll ukutheleleka Yande kuholela ukuthuthukiswa isifo esiwubhadane futhi kubhubhane. Ngokuvamile lokhu viral ndaba, yisinanakazana futhi izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.

Ngakho, njengoba sekube nesicelo ukusabalala isifo, ikholera, umalaleveva. Njengoba ala magciwane namagundane idluliselwe nezinambuzane, bayishaya yonke zwekazi. Izifo ukuthi zibhekene ngqo esifundeni Afrika - kuyinto imfiva Congo-YaseCrimea, Ebola, i-HIV. Abanye abalobi ubheke pathologies sendawo utshwala kanye sezidakamizwa.

Izifo eziningi ezimbi: ubhubhane, ikholera

I sendawo ezivamile kuzomele sifake ukutheleleka kuyingozi ngokukhethekile, okuyinto kwabulala izigidi zabantu. Indawo ekhethekile kuhlala bhubhane isifo. Lesi sifo iye ehlanganiswa amazwekazi eziningana. wezingulube Yande elihlobene ne yokufuduka namagundane ukuthi kukhona ichibi ukutheleleka. Kodwa leli gciwane lingase zenzeka ngezindlela eziningana. Ngokuvamile kuba indlela transmissive (ngokusebenzisa zigcwele Ukulunywa). Futhi lwegciwane ukungena emzimbeni ngokudla nangokwenama imuncwe ngokusebenzisa emoyeni (i-inyumoniya zesifo). Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukutheleleka ivelakancane okwamanje, kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi abathwali isifo, njengasekuqaleni - kungcono rat. Ngokungefani nabantu, namagundane kungenzeka sigule sibangwe isikhathi eside. Uma une sifo singalapheki, bona abanaso.

Enye yokubika sendawo nalolubhubhane, ikholera isibe. Thanda isifo, yena kwabulala izigidi zabantu futhi basakaza cishe emhlabeni wonke. I lwegciwane kuyinto Vibrio cholerae. Umzila yokudlulisela lesi sifo ngokuvamile kakhulu amanzi noma yokudla okunempilo. Lesifo namanje kwenzeka ezindaweni kwezimo ezingezinhle sanitary.

Lwasemtholampilo isithombe izifo sendawo

Izimpawu izifo sendawo ihluke nomunye. Nokushoda izakhi ezithile trace ngokuvamile ehlupheka uhlelo. Izibonelo goiter sendawo, isifo urovskaya. Esimweni sokuqala kukhona ukuntuleka kwe-iodine emzimbeni. Lokhu kuholela ukwehla hormone yegilo umsebenzi. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka ukubambezeleka ukuthuthukiswa engqondweni nasemzimbeni. Urovskaya sifo sici for izindawo nge-calcium okuqukethwe ongaphakeme emanzini okuphuza. Sitholakala neTrans-iBaikal esifundeni, China ne Korea. Isithombe basemtholampilo isifo iyona ukusonteka of amathambo namalunga.

namaminerali okweqile ingabagulisa izifo sekuphenduke umkhuba. Isibonelo salokhu fluorosis. Lapho lesi sifo kwenzeka sasekhaya sokuzuza koqweqwe lwawo yamazinyo, esizibonakalisa ngu amnyama futhi caries.

izifo sendawo ayingozi ikakhulukazi. Basuke izimpawu adakwe kokunqotshwa wonke umzimba. Inhlupheko kuhambisana izilonda ukonakala esikhumbeni noma ukubhujiswa wamaphaphu izicubu. Ikholera kuholela amanzi emzimbeni ezithuthukayo.

Ukuxilongwa izifo sendawo

Sifo isifo sendawo ngokuvamile inikeza akukho nobunzima. Njengoba ngokwezinga zokugula izimpawu ezinkulu ezihlobene ngokushesha nge ukuntula noma ngokweqile ethile chemical isici. Kuyadingeka ukuba afeze ukuhlaziywa inhlabathi, amanzi nomoya endaweni. Uma zokugula ezithathelwanayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola umthombo waso. kungcono ezahlukene isifo ngasinye. Ngokwesibonelo, abathwali isifo - a zigcwele, Congo-YaseCrimea imfiva - izibungu. Njengoba izifo eziningi kuzo zingamaphayona zooantroponoznymi udinga ukuthola ichibi ukutheleleka. Ngokuvamile kuba rat, igundane, izinkomo.

Ngo izinqubo ezithathelwanayo ukuthatha odokotela ukufunda izinto eziphilayo azithathe (indle, umchamo, ngamathe), kanye ukudla ukuthi isiguli yokuqothulwa. Okwenziwe ukuhlaziywa bacteriological legazi indle.

Izindlela zokubhekana nezifo sendawo

Ukuze silwe nezifo ezithathelwanayo operation sendawo liyadingeka hhayi kuphela wezokwelapha, kodwa futhi epidemiologists. Ngezinye esizeni inoculation ngokushesha kwakhiwa endaweni ngokuhlukaniswa. Zonke iziguli kufanele esibhedlela esibhedlela ezithathelwanayo.

Abantu abaye athintana iziguli kumele bahlolwe bese angashiyi zone ngokuhlukaniswa. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ugweme ukusabalala kwaleso ukutheleleka. At the site ukutheleleka senziwa kocingo impahla izifundo epidemiological. Kwenziwe sanitization, okuhlanganisa egeza izindawo nge izibulali-magciwane, umoya omncane, abilayo izingubo. Le ndawo ngokuhlukaniswa kufanele kutholakale for labantu enempilo. Lapho izifo eziyingozi ikakhulukazi, nezisebenzi zokwelapha abasebenza ifomu ekhethekile (isudi Anti).

Ukuvimbela isifo sendawo

izifo sendawo zidinga zokuvimbela ngesikhathi esifanele. Ezindaweni beswele izakhi trace kanye amavithamini izinto edingekayo kunezelwa ukudla (usawoti iodized) amanzi. Izinsana uxilongwe (i phenylketonuria, i-hypothyroidism). Ukuze esolwa sendawo ezibekiwe amaphilisi amavithamini izakhi mkhondo ulahlekile. Futhi, kwabanye pathologies zidinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile (abahamba ilanga), izinguquko ngezikhathi isimo sezulu.