Iyini isakhiwo sekhompyutha?

Ukwakhiwa kwe-PC yesimanje kuyinhlangano enengqondo, isakhiwo nezinsiza, okungukuthi, izindlela zekhompyutha. Lezi zinsuku zingabelwa isikhathi esithile sesikhathi sokucubungula ulwazi.

Imithetho yokwakha ikhompyutha yomuntu siqu

Isisekelo sekhompuyutha yesimanje yizimiso ze-PC yokwakha, eyakhiwe nguJohn Neumann:

1. Ukuphathwa kohlelo. Iqukethe iqembu lemilayezo ukuthi iprosesa yenza ngokuzenzakalelayo (ngokulandelana ngokulandelana okuthile).

2. I-homogeneity yememori. Izinhlelo kanye neminye imininingwane igcinwa kwisigaba esisodwa senkumbulo. Izenzo ezifanayo zenziwa kokubili idatha nemilayezo.

3. Ukubhekwa. Inkumbulo esemqoka inezinkampani ezibalwa (amaseli).

Ukwakha ikhompyutha yomuntu siqu

Izakhiwo zobuciko ze-PC zakhiwe kulezi zimiso ezingenhla. Inquma izimo zokusebenza, ukuxhumana kolwazi, ukuxhumeka kwezingqinamba eziyinhloko zekhompyutha yomuntu siqu. Lezi zihlanganisa inkumbulo yangaphandle neyinhloko, i- unit central processing kanye namadivaysi okusebenza.

Ikhompiyutha yomuntu siqu isakhiwe ngendlela ehlelekile ngesimo se-unit unit enkulu. Amathrekhi afakwe kuwo ngokusebenzisa izixhumi ezizinikezele . Ukwakhiwa kwe-PC kuqukethe izingxenye ezilandelayo eziyinhloko: i-motherboard, ukunikezwa kwamandla, ukushayela okunamandla nokukhanya kwe-optical, ukungena kwamanye amadivayisi angeziwe nangaphandle. Ngokufanayo, ibhodi le-motherboard (uhlelo) liqukethe i-microprocessor, i- generator ye-clock , i- coprocessor ye-mathematical kanye ne-memory chips. Futhi futhi i-timer, abalawuli bamadivaysi omsakazo, ividiyo nekhadi lezwi.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-PC kusekelwe isimiso se-modular-trunk. Lo mthetho uvumela umsebenzisi ukuba aqede ngokuzimele ukucushwa okudingekayo kwekhompyutha yomuntu siqu, kanye (uma kunesidingo) ukuyivuselela. Ukuhleleka kwe-modular inhlangano ye-system kusemthethweni we-backbone wokushintshaniswa kwedatha. Abalawuli bazo zonke amadivaysi baxhumana ne-RAM ne-microprocessor ngokusebenzisa umugqa owedlulisa ulwazi oluthile, obizwa ngokuthi "uhlelo lwebhasi". Yenziwa ngendlela yebhuloho ephrintiwe ebhodini le-motherboard. Ibhasi lesistimu yilona isikhombimsebenzisi esikhulu sekhompiyutha, futhi yonke indawo yokwakhiwa kwe-PC yakhiwe nxazonke. Yilesi sici esivumela wonke amadivaysi ukuthi axhumane futhi abhangane. Ibhasi lesistimu lenza izinkomba ezintathu zokudlulisela idatha:

- phakathi kwememori enkulu kanye ne-microprocessor;

- phakathi kwamaports okufakwayo kanye okukhipha amadivayisi angaphandle kanye neprosesa;

- phakathi kwamaports nememori eyinhloko.

Amadivaysi angaphandle wekhompyutha yomuntu siqu ahlinzeka ukuxhumana kokugcina ngezemvelo: izinto zokuphatha, abasebenzisi namanye amakhompyutha.

Izici eziyinhloko zomsebenzi we-PC:

1. Isivinini, ukusebenza, isivinini sewashi.

2. Ububanzi be-interfaces yebhasi yamakhodi kanye nama-microprocessors.

3. Izinhlobo zezilawuli zendawo nezesistimu.

4. Usayizi we-RAM.

5. Isikhwama sediski esinzima.

6. Ubukhona, ubukhulu kanye nezinhlobo zememori ye-cache.

7. Uhlobo lwe-adapter yevidiyo.

8. Uhlobo lwe-audio multimedia.

9. Isofthiwe.

10. Ukuhambisana nekhwalithi namanye ama-computer.

11. Amandla okusebenza umshini kwinethiwekhi yekhompiyutha, kanye nokuxubile kwamanye amazwe.