Isikwele Magic: umlingo, tanstvenny uzibophezele

Lapho kwazalelwa magic izikwele kuyinto China, ngoba kulelizwe kukhona imfundiso Feng Shui, ngokuhambisana okuyinto ukuthonya ukugeleza Qi isethelwe zonke: umbala, ukuma nendawo ngayinye isici umuntu emkhathini.

Umlando izinombolo magic

Magic square - itafula ukubaluleka n n, okuyinto ugcwele izinombolo yemvelo kusuka 1 kuya n2. Kulokhu, isamba sonke ngamakhalamu, imigqa kanye diagonals kumele kube okufanayo. izikwele Magic kukhona oda ngisho futhi okungekuhle. Izinombolo zibhaliwe emkhakheni ethebuleni, ngokuthi amaseli isikwele magic, futhi inani izinombolo ukuthi basesimweni iyiphi ikholomu, kumugqa noma diagonal - kungcono njalo. Ngcwele imilingo, engaqondakali, ephelele isikwele magic. Isihluthulelo alula sobala kuyakhanga.

ufudu Waphezulu

Magic square Lo Shu Yu wathunyelwa onkulunkulu umbusi ukwazi imfihlo zomhlaba. Ngokwe-legend, acishe abe yizinkulungwane ezine edlule kusukela ezivunguvungwini emfuleni Lo Shu out ufudu ezinkulu, okwakubekelwa ngokushesha obonwa abantu kankulunkulu. Futhi lokhu ufudu empeleni engavamile, kusukela igobolondo layo kwakwenziwa engavamile dot iphethini. Amaphuzu abangu abekwa ngendlela yokuthi zefilosofi zasendulo wafinyelela esiphethweni ukuthi skwele amaphuzu amaningana phezu igobolondo - ibalazwe emhlabeni, owawungumnyaka umsunguli wasenganekwaneni impucuko Huang Di e China. Uma ufaka i isamba izinombolo ikholomu ngayinye, emgqeni futhi kuzo zombili diagonals kwesikwele, uthola inombolo 15, okuyinani elilingana nenani lezinsuku 24 emjikelezweni amaShayina bonyaka.

UMbusi Yu isinqumo sokuthi ngokucabangisisa zo lasendulo Awukude iqiniso, nezinduna zayala ukuba ukuzoqhubekisela isithombe sofudu iphepha phakathi, yamqinisa ngophawu ngophawu lwakhe yasebukhosini.

isikwele Dürer sika magic

Albrecht Dürer, umculi odumile isiJalimane, immortalized le omele ezimangalisayo emhlabeni ngamehlo engqondo izinombolo ubuciko umbhalo "Melancholia." Dürer square siqukethe 16 izinombolo wangempela ngowokuqala futhi ubukhulu 4 by 4 ohleni ngalunye, nomugqa izinombolo isamba idayagonali kulingana 34. amanani nezinye quadruples izinombolo azibekwa emincane phakathi nendawo futhi ezinhlangothini nje endaweni yomphakathi ephakathi, futhi ilingana 34. kodwa inani 15 no 14 emgqeni ongezansi square kusho usuku dalo of oqoshiwe - 1514.

isikwele Magic of Khajuraho

Ngo-1838, isikhulu abasha yaseBrithani yathola phakathi izithombe zonkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi emathempelini Visvanatha lesine-oda square, okuyinto emangalisayo. Isamba imigqa, amakholomu kanye diagonals kule sikwele kukhona diagonals efanayo futhi ilingana 34 luqondane nodabukile ukuthi akhiwa lapho ukuze ujike isikwele ibe Torus, futhi ngamunye izinkomba ezimbili. Ukuze uthole isamba okunjalo imilingo izigcawu izinombolo libizwa diabolical.

Ukusuka kunoma iliphi isikwele magic kungenziwa ngokushintsha permutation izinombolo zayo ingxenye ukuthola isamba esikhulu izikwele eliwumlingo elisha, okuzodingeka ezifanayo kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo. Njengoba wazi, azikho izikwele 2 2 3 3 - kunendlela eyodwa kuphela. Izikwele 4 by 4, njengasezulwini lokuqopha Dürer sika, ibeke mayelana 800 no-5 ku-5 cishe izinkulungwane 250. Kukholakala ukuthi isikwele magic, kuqoshiwe esiliva, zivikela nhlupho. Futhi namhlanje thina ongazibona phakathi imihlola izimfanelo e-Europe, lapho kukhonjwe ezihlukahlukene izakhiwo ezingaqondakali.