Isikhathi umjikelezo yokusebenza. Uyini umjikelezo yokusebenza?

izinkampani Ayemaningi e nezimo ezingajabulisi ezihilela yokutakula okungazelelwe kwezimali ezivela emakethe. Okukhiphayo okuyinto ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi kungenziwa ephelezelwa ukulahlekelwa elikhulu.

Ukuhlobana umbuzo

Ngokuvamile, ngeke kunqunywe lemali ikhishwe akhawunti ukuxhasa iphrojekthi, sicabangela ukubuya kwakhe kanye nokwenzeka buyiselo ngezithukuthuku abahlinzeki. Okwamanje, njengoba umkhuba imibukiso, iskripthi ezimweni ezinjalo standard. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile kuvela ukuthi imali yayo ukukhokhela impahla ilethwa kanye impahla eluhlaza sishoda. Ngakho, kubalulekile ukuba ngokushesha ukufuna imithombo eyengeziwe, sicela abakweletayo ukuze ngikhokhe izikweleti zabo ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukuxoxa amabhange, nokunye. Ezimweni okufanayo okwenzeka ngo-izinkampane ezinkulu, ngokuxhamazela ukushintsha imigomo zasemizaneni abahlinzeki kanye ukunikeza amakhasimende alibale izinkokhelo. Ukuze wenze kanjalo, counterparties izinkontileka ezintsha ziphela. Ingqikithi yabo kwakumelwe agweme ukusetshenziswa ukubambezeleka esenana nokuncipha yentengo izimpahla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo abathengi ukuthenga imikhiqizo at izindleko anda yokuthengisa. Nokho, banikezwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kabili okuningi njengakuqala, ukuhlehliswa. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, inkampani waqala ukubhekana Ukushoda okukhulu kwabantu kokusebenza. Ngakho, babefanele ngokushesha zafundiswa amabhange. Le nkampani ngeke babe iyiphi inkinga yokuntuleka izimpahla zamanje uma ukuphathwa iqala ukuba ngokuqinile ukulawula isilinganiso esiyiso phakathi nokulingana kanye capital waboleka, lapho izimali imisebenzi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kumelwe uthuthukise imodeli ngempumelelo. Luhilela uhlela isikhathi ukusebenza kanye nowe zezimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo ukunquma zezimali yamanje.

umjikelezo Operating

Ifaka hlangana iinkambiso eziningana. Ngoba Kwenziwa, ngokukhethekile, kwempahla izinto futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa, ukudalwa umkhiqizo, nokuqaliswa kwalo kanye ukubuyiswa kwemali (uma ikhona). Uma sikubeka kalula, ngokuhamba umjikelezo yokusebenza ucedzela kwempahla inzuzo.

Kwahlangana izakhi eziyinhloko

Izingxenye ezilandelayo ukuma ngaphakathi umjikelezo yokusebenza:

1. inzuzo Okugcwele inventories. Ibizwa nangokuthi umjikelezo ukukhiqiza. Ibonisa isibalo sezinsuku okudingekayo ukuguqula izinto zokusetshenziswa ku imikhiqizo isiqedile. Ngakho, kuthathela irisidi esitokisini ishede kanye uphela izihloko siphelile ngesikhathi ukuthunyelwa umthengi.
2. Inzuzo ye Receivables. Limelela Inani elimaphakathi isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze asule kwezibopho umthengi, abathenge impahla ngesikweletu.
3. Inzuzo yama-akhawunti ekhokhwayo. Kuyinto phakathi nenkathi ethile yesikhathi, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho inkampani ibale izikweletu zayo kwezinye izinhlangano.

umjikelezo Operational and zezimali

Uma Dynamics waphawula we ukuncishiswa, kubhekwa umkhuba omuhle. umjikelezo lwezezimali simele igebe phakathi nosuku izibopho ekukhokhweni counterparty kanye nezimali enikwa abanamacala (abathengi). Phakathi nale nkathi, izimali siqu ukwenza ukujika egcwele. Ukunciphisa umjikelezo yokusebenza kungaba ngenxa ukusheshisa neminye imisebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukunciphisa isikhathi wesitoreji ezikhona, umkhiqizo yokukhiqiza, ukugcinwa isitokwe yayo. Isikhathi umjikelezo olusebenzayo singaba nhlobonhlobo futhi ngaphansi kwethonya kuyashesha le inzuzo Receivables.

inzuzo ezikhona

ukulawula kahle incike ratio isikhathi lomjikelezo zezimali kanye ukukhiqizwa. Kugcine kuhlanganisa nezikhathi inzuzo:

1. Feedstock.
2. Sebenza kuyaqhubeka.
3. Izitoke imikhiqizo siphelile.

I yokukhiqiza kanye namasistimu okusebenza umjikelezo

Ukuze ubone ukuthi kubo, ezothando efanele. Ukubala ubude lomjikelezo ukukhiqizwa usebenzisa kwesibalo ezilandelayo:

- HRC = POgp POnzp + POpz lapho:

• POpz - inani lezinsuku wachitha ekufakweni inzuzo SEMIS, izinto, izinto zokusetshenziswa;
• POnzp - inani lezinsuku umsebenzi oqhubekayo inzuzo;
• POgp - isikhathi inzuzo esitokisini imikhiqizo eseqedile (imikhiqizo) ezinsukwini.

Ukubalwa umjikelezo yokusebenza kusetshenziswa ipharamitha ezitholakala ngenhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubala we eliningi osebenzayo ngazo elithi isilinganiso izikweletu inzuzo Iyatholakala. Isamba sizobonisa indlela baqhubeka umjikelezo wokusebenza. Ifomula libukeka kanje:

- OC = ka HRC komhlaba. +

interconnection amazinga

Ekuhlaziyeni isakhiwo kokusebenza ekhona yokuba ukubaluleka ezisobala isikhathi ukuqinisekisa ukuphathwa dolobha ngempumelelo. Okubaluleke kakhulu yiyona ukusatshalaliswa izimpahla zamanje inkampani idinga ezikhathini ezithile. Ukuze izibalo wasebenzisa indlela esekelwe isikhathi lomjikelezo yezimali nokusebenza kanye izindleko ezilinganiselwa imisebenzi zamanje. Inkomba yokuqala kuhlanganisa isikhathi supply, tekwentiwa futhi inhlangano yabantwana bakwa-imikhiqizo, ukuqaliswa yabo, okubhekwe ukuhweba Receivables. umjikelezo lwezezimali - isikhathi sokwelashwa yemali - kuyinto yinkathi izimali kungukuthi ahileleke ekushushumbiseni. ubude bayo kungachazwa kanje. Index ngazo tekusebenta umjikelezo Isikhathi sisuswe ekwelapheni imali eyayiyikweleta ukuba abakweletwayo ngalesi simo. Ukuphathwa kokusebenza wenziwa ukunciphisa isikhathi lapho amathuluzi azisetshenziswa. Nge ukwehla isikhathi wesiyingi zezimali, ngokulandelana, ngenkathi usebenzisa nenhloko-dolobha yalo ukusebenza uba mncane.

Izici Receivables

Wokubhekelela counterparties isinyathelo njengengxenye eyinhloko yomsebenzi kwanoma iyiphi inkampani. Ingxenye enkulu ama-akhawunti atholakalayo emafeni Imininingwane kohlelo iyehlisa zezimali kanye solvency lenkampani, kuyilapho okwandisa ingozi ukulahleka. umjikelezo Operating inkampani yesimanje kudinga ashukumisayo zokukhokhelwa. Ngo izimo ezikhona namuhla, ukunakekela kakhulu kumele zikhokhelwe izikweletu abakweletayo. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kubizwa ngokusentshenziswa ingxenye kokusebenza. Lo msuka limelela nezimfuneko ezithile yezinhlangano kanye nabantu mayelana nokukhokhwa nezinsiza, imikhiqizo noma imisebenzi. Kukhona mkhuba lapho Receivables bachazwa nge loan kwezohwebo. Njengomthetho, umnotho ukuzibophezela okunjalo obonakaliswe yokuthi inkampani, okwenza umjikelezo yokusebenza kuhilela ukuthola imali noma okulingana. Ama-akhawunti atholakalayo ngesikhathi esifanayo kungenziwa waqaphela njengempahla uma kukhona okungenzeka buyiselo. Uma ishoda, inani nezikweletu letawubhalwa off.

ukuphathwa ukumelana

Ukwakha i-imodeli kahle kolwazi edingekayo kusukela isabelomali kwezindleko futhi ingenisa malini, abanye forma balance sheet izinto. Ngenxa imfuneko saziso wenza ukuwohloka nyangazonke. Yini cishe ziyothambekela kakhudlwana ukulawula inqubo isabelomali futhi, ngakho-ke, solvency lenkampani, ngcono. Ekuthuthukiseni imodeli uyophinde zidinga ukubaluleka inzuzo, isilinganiso sobude wokusebenza kanye nowe zezimali. Okubaluleke kakhulu kuyoba amagugu ezifana:

1. Isidingo sokubolekwayo yesikhathi esifushane bakhangwa ngoba kokusebenza.
2. Esihleliwe test isilinganiso value for isikhathi samanje.

Inkomba yokuqala kunqunywa njengoba umehluko phakathi Imininingwane zokusebenza dolobha izidingo kanye izindlela zalo siqu. Ukubalwa Ktl ukubaluleka kuhlelwe kungaba kwenziwe ngale ndlela:

- ukusetshenziswa Kr = shmuck okumaphakathi kwezinsiza ngayinye nezikweletu usuku / short-term.

Le modeli kusenza siqonde indlela AC futhi FC kuthinte izinga Coefficient.

isiphetho

Njalo umphathi kumelwe akuqonde ngokucacile lokho kuhlanganisa umjikelezo yokusebenza isikhathi inzuzo. Ngenxa yalokhu angabenza lonke ulwazi oludingekayo ukunquma isidingo amafa lalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo ukuqonda uqobo ibhizinisi, ukuze uqonde ukuthi ukwakha izinqubo ngaphakathi enkampanini, njengoba nje kuvamile namanje elilungile uma zigcine ngokuba nokwenza khona. Ngokuhamba izibalo futhi kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ubukhulu izimpahla zabo zamanje kushintsha njalo unyaka wonke. Kule ndaba, njalo ngenyanga ngokuqhathanisa izinkomba zangempela futhi kuhlelwe kufanele kube njalo ukuqapha lesifanele imodeli nemingcele. Ukuze nokuqonda ukubaluleka kanye nokubaluleka isikhathi imijikelezo nje kuphela i-CFO, kungcono ukunquma for element wemfanelo amakhanda emnyangweni ngamunye. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuxhumanisa isimiso esasikhona enhlanganweni imiklomelo kanye amabhonasi ukusebenza okudingekayo.