Iqiniso serum: Umlando kanye nokusetshenziswa

Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 forensics, baqala ukusebenzisa igama elithi "iqiniso serum." abaphenyi Italian usola Monteggiya wokuqala wenza opium umjovo kuye "ukuhlehliswa" ulimi wabeka lonke ulwazi ukuthi unentshisekelo komthetho. ethathwe womuntu ubufakazi truthful emibuthanweni yesayensi bedle ezihlukahlukene amakhemikhali ngokuthi narkoanalizom. Le ndlela, kanye kokulutheka ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa ezimweni lapho umhlolwa ngesizathu esisodwa noma kwenye abakwazi sikhumbule iyiphi izenzakalo ezithakazelisayo ukuze uphenyo.

Emuva ku 20s kwekhulu elidlule, Dr. E. Texas House olwenziwa ucwaningo mayelana nokusetshenziswa scopolamine ( "iqiniso serum") e yobugebengu. Udokotela umangalele ukuthi indlela yakhe ukuba win-win, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Indlu wangitshela ukuthi lungase luthathe kusukela isihloko lonke ulwazi ezithakazelisayo. Udokotela yayiqiniseka ukuthi scopolamine "yilo" ulimi kwanoma, futhi indlela wahlakulela njengoba eyizingqabavu njengoba fingerprinting iminwe.

Kamuva kwatholakala ukuthi ezinye izigebengu angase alale ngisho ngaphansi izinzwa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi abantu abanikeza ubufakazi eziyiqiniso, udidekile lapho kulesi sifundazwe. Nokho, Kuze kube manje narkoanaliz kwezesayensi forensic isetshenziswa kakhulu kuyaqabukela, kukhona olunye ulwazi olungadingwa "iqiniso serum" sisetshenziswa kabanzi maqondana abenzi nenkani.

Wahlonywa imibuzo kungaba ezibalulekile umthombo wokwaziswa lapho umphenyi izogxila imizamo yayo in a isiqondiso eqondile uphenyo. Ngokomthetho lamazwe Western, narkoanaliz labetibambile esibhedlela yezokwelapha. Ngaphambi kokwenza lokhu inqubo, kwamiswa iqembu ukusebenza, ehlanganisa obulala izinzwa, bengqondo, abameleli Ukuvikelwa kanye nokushushiswa, amajaji, odokotela bengqondo, ososayensi zokuhlola, ochwepheshe olunye ulimi, abaphenyi.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imfuneko psychoanalysis wuhlelo zesayensi kanye umnqopho, ulwazi yokuxhumana kunjalo, kanye izici umsolwa. Professionals zithi inqubo iphephile kwezempilo, kodwa iqiniso iyohlale axhunyiwe. Yonke imithi ukuthi zisetshenziselwa narkoanaliza ubheke iqembu barbiturate. Laba basizi iphathwa ngemithambo yegazi. Singasho ukuthi sodium amobarbital, skopalamin kanye sodium pentothal - "iqiniso serum", okuyinto esetshenziswa ukuthola ubufakazi eyiqiniso.

Lapho zaphathwa mithi kuphakama isimo twilight, ngezinye izikhathi obizwa ngokuthi "semi ukwazi". Kulokhu, isiguli sivaliwe "ukucwaninga ukwazi", wakhulula kweqiniso, nemizwa ejulile.

Ngemva kokuphathwa zezidakamizwa zesenzo Inkulumo yokuqala ngezihloko kokungathathi hlangothi ezingenziwanga ezihlobene ubugebengu. Zonke ukufundwa elotshiwe. Ngemva izinzwa kunikezwa umsolwa ifilimu, okuyinto has konke ubufakazi bakhe. kokuphenywa Professional kusiza abaphenyi ukuba bathole amaqiniso phezu ubumsulwa noma umuzwa wecala komsolwa.

"Iqiniso serum" njengoba lakhiwa lwezokuphepha eSoviet imfihlo. Mangithi ukuthi abantu bakithi ababhekana ngempela ngempumelelo umsebenzi. Ngisho ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili ku arsenal of the NKVD babe izindlela eyingqayizivele, eyabonisa isidambisa-zinhlungu, tonic, umphumela soporific futhi tranquilizing.

Ososayensi uqhubeke ukucinga "pravdogonnye" izidakamizwa. Esikhathini forties, ochwepheshe elihlanyiswa ekutadisheni mescaline. Egcekeni isihloko libhekisela eqenjini izidakamizwa ukuthi zihlobene cactus Mexican. Ucwaningo wafakazela ukuthi ngaphansi kwethonya mescaline "likwazi ukuboshwa nokuqaqwa" futhi ulimi uzonyamalala ngokuphelele. Nokho, uthatha umphumela wangaleso sikhathi.

criminologists American le njongo ihlolwe insangu. I ucwaningo abaphumelelanga. Ngemva kwesikhashana, amaMelika kusho ukuthi i-LSD izidakamizwa - ". Iqiniso serum" Said kusho ukwakha cishe akunakwenzeka ekhaya, ngoba ngisho namuhla ncamashi akekho ongasho ukuthi yini le izidakamizwa. I utshwala bungabenza ejenti ezinjalo.