Iningi ifomethi evamile isithombe bese izinhlobo ifomethi

Ngamunye wethu, ngandlela-thile, sibhekene izithombe. Ake sibheke umbuzo we kuvisisa leli gama Kuthi ebanzi. Phela amafomethi image zihlanganisa hhayi kuphela ihluzo (imifanekiso, izithombe, izithombe, amakhathuni, njll), kodwa futhi vidiyo. Eceleni abahlala nezindaba ifayela ukuguqulwa, kanye isitoreji uhlobo lolwazi.

Yiziphi ifomethi sithombe?

Lolu lwazi lilondolozwe ifayela, okuyinto yakhelwe idatha ngeso (ukusibonakalisa kudivayisi ukudlala ezifana qapha, i-TV, iphrinta, kumadivayisi eselula, njll).

Njengoba ulwazi kakhulu ifayela, esikhathini esiningi ichaza indlela imaging, indlela yokudala ucezu esimile noma ashukumisayo, usayizi waso (akumelwe kudidaniswe usayizi wefayela), inombolo bese imibala kanye shades ukujula, nokunye.

Umqondo we-vector kanye raster ihluzo

Okokuqala, cabanga ngalokho asetshenziswa amafomethi image kuphela ekuqondeni esezingeni ihluzo. Kufanele kube kube nomehluko ocacile phakathi Vector kanye bitmap ihluzo. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili kukhona isisekelo.

Vector ihluzo ivumela ngeso into esekelwe incazelo zezibalo we iqoqo izakhi aggregate ezakha isithombe, ababiziweyo primitives. Lezi imiqondo lamalula letayelekile bonke namanje esikoleni. Lokhu amaphuzu, olayini, Curves, imibuthano, ngemapholigoni, njll

Buhle le ndlela ikghono lokuhlathulula e umfuziselo nezibalo inombolo ezinqumela elikhulu izakhi ngabanye ngaphandle kakhulu okwandisa usayizi wefayela sokugcina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona scalability evelele kakhulu elikuvumela ukuba ushintshe usayizi ngamunye isici ngabanye noma isethi ephelele ngaphandle ukulahlekelwa izinga yesithombe. algorithm okunjalo achazayo efanelekayo ngokuyinhloko for ihluzo wadala ngesandla, isibonelo, izithombe umhleli abanye. Ukuze izithombe zale ndlela akusebenzi.

Raster ihluzo kuhilela ukusetshenziswa grid ekhethekile ehlanganisa izinto elingunxande (Amaphikseli) anemibala ehlukene, ngokuthi pixels. Lapha, ikhwalithi yesithombe kunqunywa usayizi anezikhala (Amaphikseli ngaphezulu ubude nobubanzi, noma ukusebenza kwabo okuphelele, ngcono isithombe), inani imibala kanye nokujula yabo, osetshenziswayo yombala (isikhala semibala) kanye nesinqumo (inombolo yama-pixels per unit endaweni). Ngakho, le ndlela Ungasingatha izinto yanoma yimuphi yinkimbinkimbi futhi ucele ukuhwebelana efanayo bushelelezi komunye umbala kwesinye, ukuthi alikho kugrafu vector. Nokho isithombe ezilula ngokuvamile babe usayizi esikhulu kakhulu ifayela futhi kungenzeka uyakekela eqondile kuyehla kube cishe zero.

Izinhlobo ezivamile izithombe ingcaca

Manje sibheke wena wefayela izithombe asetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bama-computer kaningi.

BMP - elula okufana, esekelwe RGB umbala scheme (obomvu, oluhlaza, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) nokuba kahle ababuthakathaka kokucindezelwa algorithm ngaphandle kokulahleka ngekhwalithi. Izinzuzo akabe, ngisho amafayela zinkulu kakhulu.

-JPG (JPEG) - ifomethi ezivamile elisetshenziswe kaningi esitolo izithombe. Kokucindezela kubalulekile, kodwa izinga ukulahlekelwa likhulu kakhulu. Ngemva ukusikwa namandla ukubuyisela idatha yoqobo akukwazi, kodwa uma ukuyinciphisa, Ukwehluka lubonakale neze, kodwa usayizi wefayela kuyoba ezincane kakhulu.

-PNG - ngeyodwa yamafomethi ezithakazelisayo kakhulu, okungase onomfutho ngaphandle ukulahlekelwa izinga. Animation ayisekeli le format (kuyafana odlule amabili), kodwa uma usebenzisa okuthiwa i-alpha isiteshi ukuze kwe-pixel ngayinye, ungacacisa ezingeni obala, okwenza kube efanayo kancane ukuze imihlobo elandelako ihluzo.

I-GIF - format esekela animation kanye namandla kokucindezelwa algorithm ngaphandle kokulahleka izinga. Inzuzo yayo eyinhloko ukuthi ungakha uchungechunge izithombe ukuphindaphinda cyclical noma ushintsho kwesinye. Naphezu ababuthakathaka umbala ukujula, ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa "bukhoma" iphepha lokunamathisela odongeni, Smileys animated abalingiswa.

TIFF - ifomethi ukuthi uvame esetshenziswa nabaqambi bamawebhu professional ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi unesikhathi okusezingeni eliphezulu umbala ukujula (192 izingcezu). Kokucindezela wenziwa ngaphandle ukulahlekelwa, kodwa ukusebenza lesi sakhiwo ngaphandle ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kunzima kakhulu. Iziphequluli izithombe zalolu hlobo cishe Asisekeli.

ICO - format ukudalwa isithonjana ngoba ivumela ukusetshenziswa Ubukhulu encane kakhulu imidwebo. Nokho, mayelana netakhiwo, ke Kuthi okusikhumbuza BMP, kusekelwa GIF ne-PNG uhlobo ongakhetha obala.

EPS - format izinhlobo ezimbili: Vector kanye raster ihluzo. Ikakhulu elisetshenziswa eshicilela noma ukudalwa amafonti uma eminye kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kumadivayisi isithombe okukhipha Postscript.

PICT - Macintosh format ezivame kakhulu. yokusebenza kwalo ngezindlela eziningi itholakala lokuthi ukuthi ifayela lesithombe elilodwa ingaqukatha Vector kanye bitmap ihluzo, umsindo, uneminye ukujula umbala, futhi sisebenzisa indlela okuqhubekayo RLE-kokucindezelwa.

PCX - format ukugcina izithombe raster nge ka 24 izingcezu ukujula umbala. Kokucindezela kuyinto, okusheshayo kakhulu kodwa asihambisani ekuguquleni ihluzo enemininingwane, ezifana izithombe.

RAW - format jikelele esetshenziselwa izithombe eza ngqo kusuka khamera. Mayelana naye singasho ukuthi lokhu iyona engcono kunazo isithombe format. It zingakhiqiza impahla eluhlaza e ukucutshungulwa izithombe nje kuphela kodwa futhi umsindo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusekela imethadatha inikeza ikhono elikhulu ukuze isicelo kusebenziswe futhi kokucindezelwa algorithm lossless noma skrini esingaqinile yiliphi izinga. Ifomethi likubeka ngokucacile futhi kudinga ulwazi oluthile uma usebenza naye.

Izakhiwo ezikhethekile kumhleli wefayela ihluzo

Ngaphandle izinhlobo ejwayelekile ungabahlukanisa eceleni ihluzo nezakhiwo asetshenziswa abahleli ezikhethekile.

PDF - ngefomethi leyo ingaqukatha umbhalo nesithombe idatha. corporation Yakhelwe-Adobe. Le fomethi kuhilela ukusetshenziswa amasu ahlukahlukene yokucinana element ngayinye eziqukethwe ifayela target. Namuhla, it is a jikelele ikakhulukazi ngemibhalo yomsebenzi elektroniki.

CDR - vector format umhleli wezithombe Corel Draw. Ukucubungula kungenzeka kuphela le iphakethe software. Okunye abahleli awasekelwe, kodwa kalula zithunyelwa kwamanye amafomethi.

AI - ifomethi zohlelo-Adobe Illustrator, kusekelwa abanye abahleli kakhulu. The main isici - aphakeme isithombe ukuzinza kanye ukuhambisana ngokugcwele Postscript ubuchwepheshe. Ingasetshenziselwa njengenhlangano format Lesisemkhatsini for ukudluliselwa komunye.

PSD - okungcono image yohlelo software iphakethe-Adobe Photoshop for ukuhlela izithombe eziyinkimbinkimbi Lesisemkhatsini. Ivumela ukusetshenziswa izingqimba futhi izindlela ukuxuba, kodwa likwazi okucace kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye nezakhiwo. Njengoba ifomethi lokugcina lokulondoloza amafayela isetshenziswa kuphela ohlelweni.

ifomethi Okukhulu

Uma sikhuluma ukucutshungulwa ezinkulu-format izithombe, lapho ufuna acabangele ngokuningiliziwe okusezingeni eliphezulu, kufanele usebenzise RAW, TIFF noma PSD.

Nokho, abaningi abangochwepheshe isithombe nevidiyo amakhamera, kokuba amaqoqo 20-25 M, izindinganiso zabo. Iningi lazo ingashintshwa ukuze lwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu takhiwo. Konke kuncike izilungiselelo ikhamera ngokwayo. Kuyefana nasendleleni kumadivayisi eselula.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu isiqophi animations

Manje kafushane kule video, ngoba, futhi, kungaba ngomqondo othile ibhekwe njengomkhuba isithombe, noma kunalokho isethi kushintshana izithombe (ozimele). Lapha, lunqume inombolo ngesekhondi (fps) kanye nosayizi umfanekiso ngamunye pixels.

Ekuqaleni, ekuqaleni ezidijithali zevidiyo, kwaba AVI format owaziwa, esetshenziswa, futhi kuze kube manje, ngoba uhlobo esitsheni kolwazi kusetshenzwe noma onomfutho izindlela ehluke ngokuphelele (amakhodekhi). Ukudlala kudinga isiqophi semithombo ekhethekile.

Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho kwakukhona izakhiwo ezifana owaziwa, ezifana WMV, MPG, MKV, MP4, VOB, TS, nabanye abaningi, lona wamuva angabhekwa njengoba nje izithombe high-resolution takhiwo TV, okuvumela ukudlala amafayela namazinga HD izinga, HD Full (2k) noma Ultra HD (4k).

Njengoba for the izithombe, manje edume kakhulu yile okuthiwa ubuchwepheshe Flash. Ekuqaleni, kwaba ukuthuthukiswa Macromedia, Inc. kodwa ke eyathengwa ngu-Adobe ne kakhulu ngcono. Ifomethi la mafayela - SWF. It isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ngokudala animations encane, ikhompyutha animations, amabhanela noma imidlalo linesizotha.

izinhlelo Hambayo

Uma sikhuluma izinhlelo mobile (Smartphones kanye amaphilisi okusekelwe Android, iOS, Blackberry, njll), i-ezikhethekile amafomethi image ezingajwayelekile kakhulu. Empeleni, izinga nezakhiwo isithombe bese eseyi, nevidiyo. Nokho, akukho iqoqo amakhodekhi futhi decoders yezinye izinhlobo zobu-amavidiyo ayikwazi ukudlalwa. Ngakho-ke kudingekile ukuba ukuxazulula inkinga ekuguqulweni impahla eluhlaza ibe uhlobo oluhlukile.

Ngokwesibonelo, izingcingo ezivamile kuphela 3GP format. Android noma iOS batusa besebenzisa MP4. Kodwa njengoba wonke sintula ongakhetha.

Ukushintsha nemingcele eziyisisekelo izithombe

Mhlawumbe wonke wazi kahle ukuthi ukuhlela kumele kwenziwe nge izinhlelo ezikhethekile.

imisebenzi Basic usayizi, reflection, ukushintshanisa, skew, futhi abanye engenziwa ngisho kumhleli bakudala kakhulu Paint, ezazihlanganisa iyiphi "OSes» Windows.

Uma Nokho, kudinga izinyathelo eziyinkimbinkimbi, isibonelo, ushintshe umbala, ukugcwaliswa, nika umehluko, ukuhlela, izingqimba, uhlukanise isithombe izingxenye ezihlukene, nokunye, kufanele usebenzise iphakethe lochwepheshe efana okungenhla njengoba Corel Draw noma i-Adobe Photoshop.

Ukuhlela ividiyo has Umbuso yayo, isibonelo, Vegas Pro. Ngaphezu izici standard, bangakwazi ukusebenzisa imiphumela ekhethekile, futhi sekulingisa izinhlelo ezivumela sokudlulisela umfuziselo pre-wakha nezibalo umfanekiso wangempela uhlobo kokuba wathwebula impi Morpheus futhi Neo engxenyeni yokuqala ka "The Matrix."

ifomethi Ukuguqulwa

Inguquko (ukuguqulwa) senziwa esebenzisa amathuluzi ngokuthi converters. Omunye abameleli evelele kunazo zonke - Xilisoft Isiqophi Converter, ezingasetshenziswa ukuguqula kanye ihluzo, nevidiyo.

Ukuze ihluzo ungakhetha, isibonelo, ACDSee Ashampoo Photo uMlawuli, Isithombe Mahhala Guqula Futhi Shintsha usayizi noma enye into. Namuhla, izinhlelo ezinjalo zingatholakala kakhulu.

Into kuphela kufanele sinake format yokugcina kanye nokulahlekelwa okungenzeka izinga (isithombe kokucindezelwa format). Uma uhlola isithombe noma ividiyo efonini noma kuthebulethi yakho, ngeke lubonakale, kodwa iphaneli TV kuyoba umehluko obonakalayo kakhulu.

Yini format uncamela ukugcina idatha?

Photo kukhompyutha zingagcinwa in jikelele we-JPG-format. Uma ubuka nabo kwi-qapha a ukucaciseleka ekhethekile kuyadingeka. Enye into, uma ufuna Ukuphrinta izithombe. Lapha-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa yokuqala format amakhamera.

Lapho ehumusha komunye format kwesinye ukubuyisela "ikhodi yomthombo" ngezinye izikhathi akunakwenzeka, ngakho ukuhlinzeka amafayela studio, ukubukeka kwabo kokuqala akumele ushintshwe. Ukukhethwa uma engenalo ulwazi oludingekayo kanye ukukhiqiza ukuhlela ngokwakho usebenzisa isofthiwe professional.

Kungokufanayo uya vidiyo. Konke kuncike kanjani kuzobuyekezwa kunoma iyiphi idivayisi.

isiphetho

Image Izakhiwo Ziningi futhi zihlukahlukene, kungaba ihluzo, nevidiyo. Isihloko sibuyekezwe ngetakhiwo ethandwa kakhulu. Imibuzo nezinqubo zabo kanye nenguquko, kukhethwa isofthiwe, ifomethi esetshenziselwa ukugcina ukwaziswa, njll, umsebenzisi ngamunye unquma uqobo.