Inhlokodolobha outflow - izizathu. inhlokodolobha outflow - Izibalo

Inkinga ye zokuthumela dolobha isihloko esishisayo ngokuba esafufusa. Cash outflow kusuka ezweni cishe njalo has omunye umgomo - ukunikeza ayezolithola kwelinye izwe.

Capital yiziphethu: Izimbangela

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi i-inflow-outflow capital, kubalulekile ukuthola izimbangela yemali Mayelana nokuthumela:

1. Ukungabikho isilinganiso sokuboshwa phakathi kwezinhlamvu ezinkulu ifunwa kakhulu kwamanye, okuholela ekuqongeleleni ngokweqile ezezimali. Ngakho-ke, kuyoba okunengqondo iyiswa lapho kukhona ifunwa kakhulu kwamanye, futhi kungenzeka ukuba uthole izinzuzo ezinhle.
2. I nokungabikhona kokuncintisana ekukhiqizeni umninikhaya.
3. izinsiza Yalutho kwakudingeka womshini umkhiqizo.
4. isimo sivune ezomnotho nezombusazwe kuleli zwe kokuthola.

Uma emashumini eminyaka ambalwa edlule izwe zahlukaniswa labo ukungenisa kanye ukuthekelisa capital, ukuthi ezingokoqobo lanamuhla yezwe kungaba ngokuqondile futhi isithekelisi, futhi iqembu ethola.

Izinhlobo dolobha ukunyakaza

Outflow capital can lahlukaniswa izinhlobo, kuye umthombo izimali.

inhloko-dolobha yezwe

Imithombo yezimali zaloluhlobo zinzima in the ifa isimo. Uhulumeni noma izinhlangano ezilawulwa ngokwabo ukunquma lapho, kanjani futhi kuphi ukutshala izimali. Kungenzeka loan, ukubolekisa, kulandele inzuzo ngendlela zenzuzo ukusetshenziswa, noma usizo ngamazwe zezimali.

inhlokodolobha yangasese

Lokhu umkhakha lihlukile isimo ukuthi imali Ungakwazi ukungenisa yimuphi umuntu yangasese noma inkampani kusuka imithombo yayo, ezingalotshwanga kulawulwa isimo insimu yalo. Kodwa ukulawula imali likhona kwekhono uhulumeni phesheya, uma azifihlakele neziphathimandla. Kungenzeka, isibonelo, utshalomali ekukhiqizeni phesheya okuthile, kokuvula ngokuqinile sakhe, ubudlelwane interbank, sithwele ubunjalo utshalomali.

outflow capital Izibalo

Outflow capital abavela eRussia, ngokusho izibalo, kuyehla kusukela ngonyaka odlule. sesimweni esinjalo buyafaneleka ngokugcwele, futhi kunengqondo ukuba uxhumanise outflow capital kusukela isimo somnotho wezwe futhi kuqiniswa of the ruble exchange rate.

Ngokusho izibikezelo of Central Bank, outflow capital ezivela ezweni besilinganiso $ 118 billion ngonyaka 2015, ikhumbula, plus noma lokususa $ 10 bhiliyoni.

Ngokusho idatha, uma kuqhathaniswa outflow capital ezinyangeni zokuqala ezintathu ngonyaka odlule, kulo nyaka kunomkhuba omuhle. Wenza $ 33 bhiliyoni., Ngokungafani $ 47,7 amabhiliyoni. Kulo nyaka 2014 cishe izikhathi 1.5 ngaphansi. Futhi lezi zibalo uzokwehla. Ngakho, sihlelwe ukuba athathe imali nenani $ 87 bhiliyoni ngo-2016, futhi ngo-2017 -. Ukuze $ 80 bhiliyoni.

Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ka-nonyaka, iNhloko yoMnyango Alexey Ulyukayev waphawula ukuthi kusele unswinyo ngamazwe aseNtshonalanga, inhlokodolobha yiziphethu izoqhubeka.

Export izimali ngo-2014 bafinyelela inani irekhodi esiphezulu $ 150 billion, ngokumelene $ 61 billion ngo-2013 emaphakathi yasebhange, ukugxila izindleko emgqonyeni lamafutha, kwenza isibikezelo ukuthi ukungeniswa imali kuyoba cishe u- $ 120 bhiliyoni kulo nyaka. Uma intengo amafutha emakethe izwe izomashela kuya ezibucayi $ 40 per 159 amalitha kawoyela, kukhona inketho ukwandisa dolobha yiziphethu $ 130 billion. Uma ubheka outflow capital, izibalo zibonisa zihlobene ngokuqondile izindleko uwoyela ongahluziwe kanye ezezimali ukuthekelisa.

Ngezinye izikhathi ungase ukwazi ukuzwa ukuthi empeleni ayikho imali ukuthekelisa phesheya, kodwa kukhona kuphela esikhoselweni izintela, ngokubona ukuthutha, izimali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ubuye.

Emazweni nge ampofu Isimo ngempela ejwayelekile lapho bobabili zenzeka futhi outflow yebhizinisi, kanye ukungenisa imali. Lokhu kuthonywa kungalingani phakathi intela izinkampani sogu lolwandle by zimali angaphandle kanye ezifuywayo. Esinye isizathu kungaba banal zemali.

Sikhona yini isidingo sokuba ukubhekana outflow capital futhi kanjani?

ngokwemvelo Izazi eziningi zikholelwa ukuthi isizathu esiyinhloko outflow capital ungaphakathi ukukhanga lekusisa e umkhiqizi yasekhaya kuqhathaniswa abanhliziyo angaphandle. Ukuze uqonde lapho ezweni ekhaya noma ngaphandle, oholela kangcono ukutshala imali, kubalulekile ukuba acabangele ezingeni intela, isimo somnotho wezwe lonke, ukuzinza izinga lokushintshisana nokunye.

Bekungaba okufanelekile yini ukufanisa umfuziselo phakathi ukuthekelisa zemali yokuqhuba ibhizinisi kanye nokugwema imali yomphakathi izimali zebhizinisi impahla kuleli zwe. Futhi ngenkathi phesheya kuyoba yindawo ehehayo esengeziwe utshalomali, zimali ngeke ukwazi ukuze utshale izimali emnothweni wendawo.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, outflow capital kungenziwa ixhunyaniswe budedengu kwezimali etholwe izindlela zobugebengu, noma izintela ezingakhokhiwe. Konke lokhu okungekho emthethweni ekujabulisayo isithakazelo zikahulumeni e ekulweni nobugebengu bese kwandisa ukulawula nokukhishwa dolobha.

Izizathu outflow capital imiphumela

Ukundiza capital kusukela lizwe ukulahlekelwa sina kwezomnotho ngenxa yakhe. Okokuqala isimo ilahlekelwa yayo imithombo yezimali, okuyinto ngokwayo nokuthuthukisa. Imali ezingase iyitshalwa production ezifuywayo, nokuvusa nokusimama kwezomnotho yezwe "ukuntanta kude" phesheya.

Ingabe sehliselwe supply ubuncane lwemali phezu Moscow Stock Exchange, okuyinto kubandakanya ukusungulwa yayenza ngokungacabangi ruble exchange rate ngokumelene zezimali angaphandle. Uma ingxenye imithombo yezimali ezathathwa emazweni angomakhelwane ukubuyela emuva, singase sinyuse supply imali nokusimamisa izinga lokushintshisana.

Ukuswelakala zezimali ezidingekayo Uphatha kabi ezingeni kwamathuba emisebenzi kuleli lizwe.

Ukungabi bikho inani langempela lemali kubukela ikhono amboze main zangaphandle izikweletu Russia futhi ayikuvumeli akhokhe inzalo kuyo.

Ukuthunyelwa capital kubonakala inqubo evamile ezingeni wombuso, kulawulwa uhulumeni ezingeni yokuthekelisa kwezimpahla namasevisi kanye nokwakha amathuba emisebenzi. Kodwa lapho lidlula zonke izindinganiso ezamukelekayo, njengoba kwakunjalo ngo-2014, lokhu kubonisa ngokugcwele yokuncipha kokubaluleka isimo sezomnotho ezweni, lapho ithuba elahlekile lekusisa abakhiqizi ezifuywayo kwezimpahla namasevisi.

Kukhula inani lemali kuthathwe phesheya, kuya kuba nzima nakakhulu lokumelana naleli. Futhi ikhambi lale nkinga abutholakali izinyathelo zokuphatha. Kuyadingeka ukudala izimo for ukutshalwa kwezimali ezweni lethu, owakhombisa lizokhuphuka emabhange ukuthuthukisa umnotho nesimo, ukudala imisebenzi emisha, futhi hhayi ukufisa amazwe.