Indlela ukukala ububanzi we ipayipi: izindlela

Ukufakwa nokususwa izinkinga uhlelo amanzi kufanele kwenziwe kuphela uma kwemigomo amapayipi ezaziwayo. Kwenzeka ukuthi phambi kwabo kunzima ukufinyelela, bese uthatha isidingo nesilinganiso. Indlela ulinganise ububanzi we ipayipi kuleli cala? Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo, sebenzisa amathuluzi ehlukene: calipers, telunyawo, umbusi, laser . Izinzwa kanye nabanye abantu nzima ukusebenzisa kwabo, kodwa thina kufanele kahle ukwenza izilinganiso.

I ububanzi engaphandle futhi kwangaphakathi

Ngo imiklamo eziningi, lokhu ipharamitha ulinganiswa amayintshi, basuke kalula aguqulwa ukuba amasentimitha (ukubaluleka iphindwe 2.54). Okokuqala, kufanele unqume ukuthi yini ukukala: ububanzi engaphakathi ipayipi noma zangaphandle. Imikhiqizo esetshenziselwa kwamanzi kanye negesi, ngokuvamile kulinganiswa phezu ububanzi kwangaphakathi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi leli inkomba alinganise umthamo we isakhiwo.

I ububanzi elingaphandle ungaba namanani ahlukene kuye ukushuba odongeni (incike amandla mechanical wonke umkhiqizo). Ngokusho GOST 355-52, ngamunye elilandelayo ipayipi ubukhulu sihluke bandwidth engcono odlule (50%). Patency kwaqanjwa bavame ngokuthi okunemibandela (ngokulinganisa) nokuka ubukhulu. Inkomba ngokuvamile ezahlukene kusukela ubukhulu ngaphakathi (1-10 mm). Lokhu ipharamitha ezibalulekile ubhekwa isici esiyinhloko lomkhiqizo, kusukela lapho dudula nomunye kule nqubo umklamo kanye ukufakwa.

Sikala caliper

Ukusebenzisa le ukunemba ithuluzi kulinganiswa imingcele imiklamo ezahlukene. Indlela ukukala ububanzi we caliper ipayipi? Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka ukuba alulaze ngayo isipanji faka kuwo umkhiqizo futhi yehlise ukuze basuke yayicindezele ebusweni. Izipanji ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kufanele kube parallel indiza ye kwesigaba ipayipi, kungenjalo nesilinganiso kuyoba ayilungile. Caliper kukalwa futhi ububanzi kwangaphakathi. Nge uhlangothi lwalo emuva has isiponji, okuyinto ezibekwe ngaphakathi isakhiwo futhi ezifuywa Abut ebondeni.

Ngesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka ukukala ububanzi we ipayipi ukukhwezwa okuyinto likhulu kakhulu. Kulokhu kungenzeka ukukala futhi abale kuzithinta ithuluzi ubukhulu izibalo. Alulaze imihlathi yayo ibanga esiphezulu bese linamathele negemfe. I kwaphumela sibalo - ubude kuzithinta. Ukuze abale isidingo futhi yokukala ukuphakama nemihlathi yomculo. I ububanzi ibalwa ifomula:

D = (2l / 4H) + H.

Uma izindebe made kakhulu, ungakwazi buyela imininingwane (ibha, njll). Khona-ke ukuphakama ngeke ibalwe ifomula:

H = H1-H2.

Sikala umbusi nokukala tape

Uma esigabeni ipayipi kungabonwa, ububanzi kungenziwa kukalwa umbusi ezivamile. Thina uwubeke endaweni asikiwe ukuze esikalini senzeka ncamashi phakathi. Sithatha ibanga phakathi amaphuzu ofiselekayo (yangaphakathi noma ububanzi kwangaphandle). Ibanga phakathi amaphuzu kakhulu kuyoba yinto ububanzi elingaphandle. Uma udinga nobukhulu kwangaphakathi ke ungathola ukushuba odongeni bese ukhupha kubo kusukela izibalo okuholela.

Nge umugqa zicacile kodwa njengoba ithephu ukukala ububanzi we tube? Leli thuluzi kufanelekile izakhiwo okuqhubekayo kanye ezinkulu, okuyinto okunzima ukuba athunge phansi. Songa umkhiqizo ukuze ibhande ilingana kahle ekupheleni ngokumelene esikalini futhi uthole indawo ukunquma. Inombolo okuholela - the ubude selilonke. Ukuze uthole ububanzi, ulwahlukanise ku inombolo Pi (3,14).

ikhophi indlela

Uma isandla ayikhona amathuluzi, kodwa kukhona ikhamera, ungasebenzisa indlela ikhophi. Indlela ukukala ububanzi we ipayipi? Ukuze wenze lokhu:
- ukuthatha into nge Ubukhulu eyaziwa (isib isitini);

- kufanele libekwe phezu tube, kanye ubude balo kude Imi;
- thatha izithombe endaweni ukuze aqonde umehluko ngobukhulu;
- ukwenza izibalo izithombe;
- idatha etholwe ukuhlola ubukhulu bangempela (kubalulekile acabangele isikali).

kulinganiswa nge micrometer

Precision izilinganiso (kufika ku 0.01) tube kungenziwa nge micrometer. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kulungile ukukala izinto ezincane. Ithuluzi kuyinto ubakaki ifakwe ukwesekwa isithende kanye stem ephezulu yangaphakathi (for screwing microscrews). On the stem kungabonakala izinga amamilimitha angu futhi kumakhulukhulu. Lokhu imishini ikuvumela ukuba uthole Ukufundwa esinembile.

Indlela ukukala ububanzi we micrometer ipayipi? Beka uhlaka phakathi nesikhathi sokuphela isikulufa futhi isithende sayo. Qala ukushintshanisa ratchet isibambo lize ukuchofozwa kathathu. Okokuqala, ubuka phansi stem esikalini ezibonisa inani amamilimitha angu lonke. Sibheka ukutholakala izingozi, okuyinto kwesokudla. Uma-ke akubonakali, ukususa ubufakazi kusukela sigubhu. Uma ingozi, ukuze sithole isibalo sifaka 0.5 mm. Izilinganiso ye-drum kuchazwa isihlobo ukuba umugqa phezu stem phakathi esikalini.

laser izinzwa

Ukuze ususe amashubhu nge Ubukhulu (hhayi kuphela) kukhona eziphambili laser izinzwa. Izinzuzo zabo yilezi: ukungabi khona ukuxhumana ebusweni, ikhono lokusebenzisa imiklamo ezahlukene (ashisayo, okunamathelayo), ukuqina nesivinini yokuthola imiphumela. Indlela ukukala ububanzi we tube izinzwa ezifana? Kukhona izindlela eziningana ukulinganisa.

Lapho triangulation laser ugongolo kusukela inzwa kudala indawo phezu isakhiwo. Ngemuva ikhamera isithwebuli laser, okuyinto esibona-engeli lehlukene. Ngalezi izinkomba processor digital sinquma ibanga phakathi inzwa kanye nomkhiqizo.

Linganisa ubukhulu ngo Ukufiphaza. Kulokhu, inzwa ukhonza njengomdala emitter kanye umamukeli, kodwa zitholakala izakhiwo ezahlukene. Ngaphakathi kuwo, ugongolo laser lokhu kuvezwa nesibuko ligijima, ufaka isayithi nesilinganiso futhi sidala band virtual yokukhanya. Ngaphakathi idivayisi ezihambayo ugongolo sidlula a diode ekhethekile elinganisa ubude Ukufiphaza (elihambisana ubukhulu bento).

Enye - isimiso kwesigaba ukukhanya. Inzwa ifakwe laser, ikhamera kanye wesifunda electronic. I laser edonsa perpendicular line umkhiqizo, futhi ikhamera engela kuso. Kunoma yikuphi ukwephulwa kwale zikhubazekile laser umugqa, nokuthi wacasulwa izinzwa lapho ubukhulu ukubala.

Ngenhla yayibizwa echazwe kanjani ukukala ububanzi we ipayipi. Kodwa-ke kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ezinye imiklamo abe ugobile (esiphezulu 1.5 mm ngamunye 1 m ubude). Kulokhu sikhuluma roundness yabo. Lokhu ipharamitha enikezwa umehluko phakathi ubukhulu ezinkulu nezincane yahlukaniswa bokuzisholo. I ovality kuvunyelwe: ayibi ngaphezu kuka-1% amapayipi enodonga kuya ku-20 mm, hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-0.8% - odongeni 20 mm. Lokhu ipharamitha kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kuthinta ukusebenza umklamo.