Hazelnut: zokutshala nokunakekela. Zokutshala hazelnuts ekwindla

Phakathi kwezilimo horticultural uhlobo nut hazelnut kubhekwa inkosi. Isihloko zokuhlonipha wathola i-isivuno eliphezulu. Hazelnut njengoba isitshalo kutshalwa Kuye kwatshalwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Lokhu kuboniswa imivubukulo.

Hazelnuts okubhekiselwe hazel ezinkulu-fruited (Lombard), a owakhileyo ejwayelekile ka lezihlahla namahlathi okuxubile. Homeland hazelnut - empumalanga yogu Black Sea. Lokhu isiko okwandile eYurophu America.

Okwamanje, hazelnuts unendima aholayo phakathi amasiko kwalesi silwane. Mazombezombe kulinywe, zizalela lula, umsoco isithelo ukusetshenziswa emazweni abekelwe emaceleni wenza nut kufinyeleleke abalimi kanye balimi.

Uyini hazelnuts?

A amahlathi kokuba zifana kuya hazel. Hazelnut - emoyeni impova multi-kwakubangelwa isitshalo enkulu, obude zokhahlamba kusuka ezintathu kuya ayisishiyagalombili amamitha. Amaqabunga oluhlaza amnyama, serrated ku emaphethelweni, esiyindilinga noma kobujamo obusaqanda. Izimbali isitshalo kukhona ezinhlobo ezimbili: wesilisa, ngesimo namacici, nowesifazane - izinso nge bright red stigmas-emabhulashini ngaphakathi.

Uma izimo zezulu zivumela, ziyadliwa blooms kusuka ekuqaleni ebusika kuze kube nguMashi. Fruiting liqala ngonyaka 4-5th emva zokutshala. Bush hazel catkins ebusika lace namaqabunga elikhanyayo yellow ekwindla edonsela emehlweni abantu ngobuhle bazo. Lokhu ukubekezelelana umthunzi, ngokuvumela baye ezweni emithambekeni enyakatho. Ezindaweni libalele futhi ezivikelekile hazelnuts fruiting kangcono. Ngenxa uhlelo impande oqinile nezihlahla kuqinisa umhlabathi, ngakho zokutshala nut zingafakwa emithambekeni futhi ezigodini.

enhle kakhulu nayo yonke inkathi yokulima, kusukela ihlumela nesiphetho falling amaqabunga, hazelnuts. Ukutshala nokunakekela unikeze uhla imisebenzi. elimnandi Ikakhulukazi ehlathini iso umqhele embozwe Velvety enkulu ihamba njengegazi exutshwe ezinkulu round noma amakinati oblong. Hazelnuts, okuyinto uvumelane akudingi mzamo okuningi, bawazisa kakhulu njengoba izithelo, futhi umphumela wawo zokuhlobisa. Ngakho-ke, lesi sihlahla efana balimi nangenjabulo ikhule ngo izingadi.

ukulungiselela umhlabathi

Hazelnut - isitshalo sasivumela undemanding, okuyinto efanelekayo ukukhula iyiphi inhlabathi, ngaphandle isihlabathi esomile, anosawoti izimbuku. nenhlabathi azibukhali lime ngalinye 1 sq. m. isigamu ikhilo lime. Nokho, hazelnuts, indawo esincike kuyo phansi evundile ezimanzi, unika ezithela ephakeme.

Ukuze nawe uqale endaweni ekhethelwe ukutshala kuyadingeka ukuchaza futhi afeze ezinhlwini zabo ne ukwengeza ziba ngcono Umanyolo inhlabathi potassium ne phosphorus, uma kudingeka. Okulandelayo igeja umhlaba aze aphakame 30-40 cm futhi uhlaka kokwehla amasayithi ukujula. Ukulima okunjalo okujulile kwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufinyelela emoyeni ezimpandeni futhi ugcine umswakama enhlabathini. Ukuze uthole fruiting hazelnut ezinhle kudingeka eziningi izakhi, yena uthatha emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, it is a kumelwe zalisa nge umquba noma umquba ngesilinganiso 2-3 quintals ngamunye engamakhulu metres square komhlaba.

ukutshala isikhathi

Shrub ziyadliwa abatshalwé entwasahlobo and ekwindla, kuncike esifundeni. Silima ekwindla hazelnut okungcono ezindaweni asempumalanga naseningizimu, lapho kwenziwe amasonto 2-3 kuze frost. Lokhu kunika amandla isitshalo ukuba nezimpande, sithole amandla, futhi ngokushesha ukuya ukukhula entwasahlobo. Kwezinye izindawo zase-hazelnuts kungenziwa itshalwe ngasiphi isikhathi ukufika ngonyaka.

Kukhethwa kokwehla indawo hazelnut

nut Better elimila empumalanga, nemithambeka North-Eastern nasenyakatho, lapho kukhona ezimbalwa iyehla iyenyuka nsuku zonke lokushisa, futhi kungaba ukugwema ingozi zeqhwa izitshalo kanye ukusha. Hazelnut ukhetha libalele, evikelekile emoyeni. Kumele itshalwe at ibanga 4-5 amamitha kusuka kwamanye izitshalo imiqhele esikhulu, ukuhlinzeka indawo enkulu ukuze zithole ukudla.

Ngo ekhaya izingadi hazelnuts, kokufika emithambekeni lapho udonga noma eduze mezhoy luyokhula injalo zemvelo. Futhi uma wengeze uhlobo oluthile kwakunezigqiki ezithambile, kuyoba ukuhlobisa ingadi yakho. Lokhu ehlathini zingabekwa endaweni ehloniphekile.

kokwehla

Ngemva kokukhetha ingxenye futhi inhlabathi ukulungiselela hazelnut akhethiwe esihlahleni. Ukutshala ke emgodini ezimbili izinyawo ezijulile kwenziwe entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Ukuze lesi sendlalelo engenhla inhlabathi exutshwe usawoti potassium (50g), superphosphate (150 g) no 2-3 amabhakede humus. Umquba zabiwa ngokulinganayo in emgodini.

Zokutshala hazelnuts e ekwindla kanye entwasahlobo esiqhutshwa njalo. Batinikela yisithombo isikhungo isikhonkwane batshala futhi, ngemva ekushoniseni ke singene ikhambi. Futhi ungakhohlwa ukubeka imbobo phansi kancane aphume hazelnut. Umsuka entanyeni ezweni elingelona ukuzumeka, futhi sijulise ku 2-3 cm ukugqugquzela ukukhula impande futhi ekhelini. Okungenhla-phansi ingxenye isitshalo ngokushesha emva kokutshala, nginqume ezingeni izinso 5-6-th. Yisithombo unciphise ngo 15-20 cm ngaphezu kwamanzi umhlabathi.

ezihlabayo watshala bazithela kahle 3-5 amabhakede amanzi kwelinye imbobo semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla. Ungasebenzisa zikaphayini izinaliti, sawdust, humus, umquba - ukuthi kuyoba esandleni. Ngakho kangcono ukugcina umswakama. Ukuze ugweme amagxolo ebolile izithombo, semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla Akufanele athinte isiqu. Ngemva kwesonto, kubalulekile ukuphinda ukuthambisa. isiko linesizotha kuyinto hazelnuts. Ukutshala nokunakekela eziningi kuyodingeka umzamo.

Kumiswa nut ehlathini

Uma othile ayithandi ukuma simila injalo zemvelo, kungenzeka ukwakha esihlahleni eduze. Ukuze lokhu kuwa, ngemva isizini yesibili ezikhulayo, okuhleliwe amahlumela 8-10 eqinile. Bayoba ikusasa esiqwini. Kungakapheli neminyaka engu-2-3, kokukhipha amahlumela ukusika amahlumela ngokweqile ehlathini zingase zimiswe ngokubona kwayo.

Izihlahla izitshalo luyimfuneko ukuthola isivuno eliphezulu. Ifomu ehlathini iminyaka 4-5, kuze fruiting. Esikhathini esizayo, ukuthi akukho ukuqina, asuse amagatsha eyinyumba. Futhi kwaba unyaka weshumi nanye ukukhula imali rejuvenation, okuyinto bafa phansi ngonyaka ezintathu isiqu ubudala. Esikhundleni sazo ukulungiselela amahlumela basal.

Ukunisela futhi efaka umquba

Linesizotha e yokutshala izimila horticultural hazelnuts. Ukutshala nokunakekela akuzona eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuze uthole ezithela eliphezulu nati, kubalulekile izikhathi eziningana isizini ukudicilela sezihlahla. Ikakhulukazi hazelnuts akudingeki ukuchelela ngesikhathi sasehlobo, lapho izithelo ezikhulayo ngokushesha.

Khulisa ukukhiqiza futhi avundise. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu yokudla kukhona icompost nomquba, okuyinto ukuletha eminyakeni 2-3 kanye ngesilinganiso 10 kg per imitha square. umquba Chemical zingenziwa njalo ngonyaka, ikakhulukazi uma izithelo zibambene. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa urea. Nitrogen ayenzi. Kubangela ukukhula okusheshayo ehlathini, futhi umkhiqizo ngesikhathi esifanayo liyancipha.

simnandi kakhulu futhi enempilo izithelo unika hazelnuts. Ukutshala nut ekuhambisaneni nayo yonke izidingo ngeke bathathe isikhathi eside. Kodvwa kute sikujabulele kakhulu ukunambitheka izithelo nobuhle kwakhiwa ezihlabayo wena eside.

ukukhiqizwa kabusha

Okusakazwa ziyadliwa imbewu kanye vegetatively. Uma usebenzisa imbewu zizalela izinhlobonhlobo izitshalo ingagciniwe. Ukutshala hazelnut ziyadliwa isetshenziselwa ukutshala mass zizalela izinhlobo ezintsha. Ukuze ukhule izithombo hazelnut, luphi uhlangothi hhayi phezu-omisiwe, kahle avuthwa namantongomane. Hlwanyela kubo entwasahlobo noma ekwindla emhlabathini avundile abe ka 6-8 cm ukujula.

Lapho esiphelweni vegetative agcinwe, ngocansi kuvikelwe futhi izici nezakhiwo izinhlobo. It Kwenziwa layering, izimpande, uhlukanisa esihlahleni, futhi ngokuxhunyelelwa. Lokuzaliswa hazelnut Bokuhlela wenziwa ukugxilisa amahlumela amasha ngaphandle abahlukanise elalivela esihlahleni. Uma isisekelo ngokuthatha namahlumela kuyo le mpande, amaswidi engu-2-3 ubudala ahlukaniswe elalivela esihlahleni futhi batshala. Phakathi ukubuyabuyelela sokuhlukanisa ehlathini ngesikhathi ehlambulula hazelnut emasimini ezinye ezihlabayo siyakusishulwa. Qoba kubo ukuze ngamunye impande wahlala, futhi batshala endaweni entsha. Phakathi ukubuyabuyelela nge ngokuxhunyelelwa cuttings ukukwenza entwasahlobo. Le ndlela esiphelweni isetshenziselwa ukucwebisa sezihlahla.

izakhiwo awusizo

I hazelnut iqukethe umsoco eziningi: amafutha, amaphrotheni, ama-carbohydrate kanye amavithamini. I izikhwebu asetshenziswa ukudla kanye confectionery umkhakha, uwoyela - abasemkhakheni wemithi yezimonyo. Calorie hazelnut kunakunoma isinkwa, ubisi inyama. Isetshenziswa ngisho impova inflorescences. Kuyinto ngowokuqala ngemva izinyosi ebusika aklaba.

Nut liwumkhiqizo anaemia wezokudla futhi wendlala lakhulisiwe, thrombophlebitis futhi varicose emithanjeni, izilonda trophic kanye haemorrhoids. Lo mkhiqizo Kunconywa abantu abanezifo kohlelo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Kukholakala ukuthi hazelnut kuletha impilo nenjabulo.