Fish-edla inhlanzi. Yini nendlela ukondla izinhlanzi olwandle?

Iplanethi yethu kuhlale abameleli emangalisayo nezilwane, ngamunye ephethe izimfanelo zayo siqu eliyingqayizivele. Siyazi okuningi kubo: isibonelo, i-koala akusho uphuze amanzi, ikati ukubona kahle ebumnyameni, kanye Dolphins babe nokuhlakanipha cishe abantu. Futhi lokho esiyaziyo inhlanzi, ngaphandle kokuthi kukhona isetshenziselwa ukudla, futhi kukhona zonke engenakudliwa ngobubi bawo ngisho ezinobuthi?

Kulesi sihloko, sizokutshela mayelana abakhileyo okumangazayo nesilinganiso kwamanzi, kokuba amaphiko: ngempilo yabo endaweni yabafileyo, futhi imikhuba ngalokho izinhlanzi ukudla, kuye ngokuthi imvelo abahlala kuwo.

Uyothola izwe elingaziwa zombuso ngaphansi kwamanzi, lapho hhayi isimo sizinzile ngakho futhi enokuthula njengoba kubonakala efika kuqala. Ngokwesibonelo, emanzini siphile inhlanzi, zidla izinhlanzi nezilwane ezincane. Kukhona futhi rybolyuby-izinyoni nezilwane akuzona lalokhokulunga yokuba adle izibiliboco ezazisanda kubanjwa.

Ukuze imenyu wakhe ngamunye siqu

Ngu uhlobo ukuziphatha nemikhuba yokudla zezinhlanzi zihlukaniswe ikakhulu okuzingela futhi enokuthula. Ezidla - kuba inhlanzi inhlanzi yokudla, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuphela wasebenzisa ukudla ezahlukene. Bona usongo olukhulu ukuba izinhlanzi-inyama, ikakhulu labo abaseminyakeni yokuthola ubukhulu ezincane.

Ukuthula, zibuye herbivorous, benthophages ne-plankton. Empeleni, kungcono izinhlanzi adla ulwelwe.

Herbivorous kudle phytoplankton kuphela, ngamanye amazwi - ulwelwe elintantayo. Benthophages - inhlanzi adla ulwelwe ezimila ukujula (okuthiwa phytobenthos) nezinhlayiyana organic. Planktophages uncamela zooplankton futhi engakwenqeni eziphilayo owumphumela abahlala umfula.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona omnivores euryphages - izinhlanzi adla izinhlanzi, ulwelwe ezingenamgogodla encane. imenyu labo liyisihlungu onhlobonhlobo.

emfuleni izifiki

Ufuna emfuleni, asinazo umqondo kangakanani kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezidalwa eziphilayo ukuphila ngaphansi kwamanzi. Esinye nesinye isigaba sifaka libhekene "amasethi" walo emanzini angenawo usawoti. Ngokwesibonelo, phezu kwemifula ensimini ka Russia atholakala abameleli ezifana Bersh, carp, dace, isiphika, Sturgeon, trout, whitefish, Grayling.

Futhi emanzini Russian zingatholakala aphele, Pike, uhlobo lwenhlazi yasemfuleni, bream, chub. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ezithandayo ukuze ngu Anglers carp, minnows, carp, roach, Rudd, tench, eyikati, burbot, iphezulu. Futhi lokhu akulona uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke izinhlobo.

Ezidla izilwane ezidla ezinye emfuleni

Ukuphakelwa oku izinhlanzi emfuleni? Ngamunye wabo ekudleni kwabo. River okuthile abantu basemadolobheni abangavamile imenyu kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi: uhlobo ngezansi (isihlabathi noma amatshe), izimila zasolwandle, futhi ngisho isikhathi sonyaka.

Asiqale nge izilwane ezidla ezinye zakudala, okuhlanganisa inhlanzi, inhlanzi-ukudla. It Bersh, Sturgeon, trout, Pike, eyikati, umbokwane, umfula iphezulu. Ake sicabangele kubo:

• Bersh kungokwalabo Okuneva umndeni ubukeka ufana kakhulu iphezulu. Lokhu esikoleni inhlanzi okuzingela odla gazinga ka roach futhi Rudd. Unganqikazi ukuthatha minnows amancane ruffs.
• Sturgeon kungokwalabo umndeni of the gama elifanayo. Lena umhlaseli abe nolaka ukuthi ungakwazi ukujabulela ukudla imenyu main bese "bite" frog. Ngo inqwaba emfuleni Sturgeon kwenzeka kuphela uma eziyizimbangela. Lezi ezifudukayo izinhlanzi izilwane ezidla ezinye udle hhayi kuphela ngamanzi agobhozayo, kodwa futhi anosawoti.
• Loach - nomele elikhulu umndeni salmon, okuyinto kubhekwa nomzingeli ngoba othanda izinhlanzi nezibiliboco, ukhilimu omuncu ke izinto eziningi ezinkulu, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe isibalo sabantu zabo ngezabelo inhlekelele. Futhi Usizakala trout ku-salmon gazinga.
• Pike - kuphela omele womndeni igama elifanayo. Kuyinto nolaka kakhulu, elinganeliseki, umuntu okuzingela. I isabelo ukudla kwayo kuhlanganisa ryboshki ezifana carp futhi roach. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Pike "nokuhlupheka" okungapheli ubuzimu: lezi nenhlanzi izilwane ezidla ezinye udle abameleli encane zazo. Izinhlobonhlobo kwimenyu ungenza Pike kanye nezilwane ezincane ezincelisayo (isib, igundane), ebeyindandatho emanzini. Futhi inyamazane Pike bangaba encane izinyoni zasemanzini kanye azo.
• Catfish omkhaya soms ku abadla ngayo afana Pike. It udla izinhlanzi ezincane, futhi Waterfowl kungaba ukuhlasela amaphuphu. abameleli elikhulu abadlala izinyoni ezinkulu, kanye akwazi ngimuke amanzi inja encane noma ithole. Kukhona amacala lapho eyikati ehlaselwa amaphuphu oludale zingcofa okusanhlamvu onqenqemeni kwamanzi. Lokhu "ukuhaha" ukuze ukudla ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi feeds kuphela zonyaka efudumele, futhi ebusika elambile.
• Burbot kungokwalabo oda Cod. Lezi nenhlanzi izilwane ezidla ezinye abazingela inyamazane ebusuku, ungadli izinhlanzi kuphela, kuhlanganise izingane njengazo, kodwa futhi ezibolile izilwane namaselesele.
• River perch kokubili umzingeli futhi inyamazane. It udla izinhlanzi ezincane, futhi yena ngokwakhe ukudla Pike futhi Zander.

inyama kwamanzi

Izakhamuzi ekujuleni emfuleni - inhlanzi okungalimazi. zidla ulwelwe kanye phytoplankton, detritus. Phytoplankton - isitshalo eziphilayo ezincane, okuyinto ngamanani amakhulu akha emadanyini wathutha ngokusebenzisa emfuleni.

Ngokuvamile, i-phytoplankton awabonakali ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama, ngakho abantu ungalunikezi value. Abaningi bethu ngisho nokuwabona la magciwane ezincane, nokho - luba akha imifino ukuthi aphe izinhlanzi emfuleni. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene zezinto eziphilayo ezifana utshani carp, carp isiliva tench. Sifunda okwengeziwe ngabo:

• Cupid - "bomdabu" lomndeni carp. It feeds kuphela ukudla yemifino: udaka, ulwelwe ehlukahlukene imihlanga. Angasebenzisa le kwamanzi ngesikhathi uzamcolo izitshalo eliwumhlaba emfuleni.
• Carp kungokwalabo umndeni efanayo njengoba carp, futhi lukhetha ulwelwe ezincane futhi detritus. Carp umlomo - uhlobo "Isihlungu", sibonga ngalo le nhlanzi amanzi oluhlaza izihlungi, njengoba uhlobo emfuleni kwendle.
• Lin - izinhlanzi sedentary kakhulu kungcono ukuhlala eduze kwangaphansi noma emahlathini kelp. Bangaphezu kuka-60% ukudla kwawo siqukethe ulwelwe.

euryphages omnivorous

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi cishe bonke abanikazi amaphiko, kungakhathaliseki vegans obunokuthula noma carnivores carnivores esikhathini sokukhula esebenzayo kukhona omnivores. Ukuphakelwa oku izinhlanzi emfuleni, okuyinto ihlukaniswa njengoba euryphages? Impendulo ilula: cishe konke ingena emlonyeni wabo. Lomfula plankton encane, ezinamagobolondo, molluscs, lenyama, ngisho izinambuzane! Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene izilwane ezisencane. Ukudla okwakha - liyisici esibalulekile, lapho izinhlanzi esakhula izidingo.

Idla izinambuzane, "intsha" ayisho babe izitha, futhi abadla ulwelwe le gazinga ayibi herbivorous njalo. Nokho, kukhona ezinye izinhlanzi ukuthi kubuyise "omnivorous" kukho konke ukuphila:

• Elec - "bomdabu" lomndeni carp. Ngidla ezingenamgogodla ophilayo phansi, kuhlanganise nezitshalo nezinambuzane.
• Ruff kungokwalabo umndeni Okuneva. Wayengumuntu emangalisayo abahahayo udla njalo. Ukudla eyinhloko iziphika - ezingenamgogodla, izinambuzane kanye izibungu zabo, mollusk encane, amaqanda nenhlanzi nezinye izinhlobo ulwelwe.
• Grayling - omele womndeni igama elifanayo. Njengoba siphika, ke odla zooplankton, izinambuzane, amaqanda zidala izinhlanzi.
• Aphele - izinhlanzi omnivorous, okungadingi shwabanisa kusuka kunoma iyiphi ukudla like amaqanda gazinga zithole ukuthi ezinye izinhlanzi, ulwelwe, eziphilayo benthic.
• Carp - kuyinto enkulu euryphage carp umndeni. Akanawo esiswini, ngakho iphango lakhe neze sinciphe. Le nhlanzi idla mollusk izibungu isinambuzane, zooplankton, abahlala odakeni phansi.
• Bream kuhlukile inhlanzi kakhulu umlomo omncane ukuvulwa. Ngenxa yalokhu izici yokwakheka lungakwazi amunca ukudla ezinkulu, okuqukethwe kanjalo detritus, izinambuzane ezincane nezibungu.
• Asp kungokwalabo umndeni carp. Amathole le nhlanzi odla izinambuzane, zooplankton, ezinamagobolondo. abantu wavuthwa kuthiwa ashintshele "okuzingela" Ukudla. Ngesikhathi ASP efanayo ayinakho amazinyo bese uhola izinhlanzi zabo ezincane, emangalisa siwela umsila. Akenzi shwabanisa, nezinambuzane ezinkulu, ezifana izimvemvane, mabhungane, ojekamanzi.
• Karas - eyodwa ngaphezulu omele zezinhlanzi euryphages. ukudla wabo ezinamagobolondo, izibungu isinambuzane, molluscs, slime, ulwelwe, plankton benthic, duckweed.
• Gudgeon - yisibonelo esingokoqobo benthophages. It udla zooplankton, izinambuzane ezincane futhi molluscs, kanye ezihlukahlukene caviar izinhlanzi.
• Rudd - inhlanzi omkhaya carp. Kuyinto uhlobo "litmus test" ukunquma izinga lamanzi - Rudd zibukhoma emanzini ahlanzekile. imenyu wakhe siqukethe amahlumela amasha izitshalo ezihlukahlukene zasemanzini, izinambuzane kanye izibungu zabo futhi amaqanda mollusk, okuyinto le nhlanzi phezu pads lily.
• Roach - le nhlanzi ukudla linesizotha omkhaya carp odla ezinamagobolondo futhi iminyundu, izibankwa dragonfly izibungu, bloodworms, ulwelwe kanye imbewu.

Yokudla kwezakhamuzi echibini

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ngaphezu emifuleni nasemachibini kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu ukuthi kuhlala zonke izinhlobo zezidalwa kwamanzi: iminenke, amaxoxo, isikhuphashe. Amadamu ezifana uhlala Ozyornaya izinhlanzi sidla ezinamagobolondo: Sturgeon, carp, utshani carp, tench, perch, rainbow trout, carp, roach, whitefish futhi ide.

Fish eziphilayo kuleli chibi, has a yokudla ukuhluka kunomfula. Lokhu kungenxa microclimate olukhethekile emanzini. River izinhlanzi okuzingela like whitefish abadla ngayo ihluke echibini iqiniso lokuthi ekudleni iningi labo, 60% siqukethe phytoplankton kanye ulwelwe.

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke futhi elinganeliseki kakhulu Ozyornaya izinhlanzi sidla ezinamagobolondo, phytoplankton futhi zooplankton - a carp. Thanda emfuleni yayo ngokuthi "mfowethu", akalokothi odlayo, ngoba inhlanzi ngaphandle esiswini. Futhi, ezinamagobolondo sibaningi ukudla bream.

Izakhamuzi ulwandle okunosawoti

ulwandle Deep is agcwele zonke izinhlobo abameleli nezilwane, ikakhulukazi inhlanzi. Thanda emfuleni, zingabantu okunokuthula futhi ezidla inyama. Ukuphakelwa oku zolwandle? Ngenxa yokuthi it is ezinabantu ngaphezulu ugcwale eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene, zasolwandle abandayo imenyu ehlukahlukene engaphezu kuka-emfuleni zabo "izihlobo."

Okuvame kakhulu ulwandle "nabazala" umfula fin ehola ngendlela esithile sokuthula ezweni lakithi zokuphila - mullet, i-herring, mullet, mullet obomvu kanye roach. Kungani "mayelana"? Ngoba lezi izinhlanzi zidla ulwelwe, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba adle abafana naye.

Imenyu izinhlanzi nolaka, ngokungafani kuya izakhamuzi ezinokuthula olujulileyo kolwandle, wehlukile. Ukuphakelwa izinhlanzi okuthiwa ama-sea izilwane eziphila ngezinye? Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi ukuthi yini isilwane esincane ne amaphiko ingenza kahle ukudla ezinkudlwana ezidla inyama. Okuvame kakhulu yasendle - kuyinto mackerel, salmon, eyikati, ulwe, i-halibut, mackerel, salmon, tuna, i-cod futhi iphezulu.

Ukudla a izinhlanzi zasolwandle obunokuthula

1. Mullet kungokwalabo MULLETS umndeni. Kuyinto izinhlanzi eyigugu ukudla yobukhulu aphakathi nendawo, okuyinto feeds dentritom, izimbaza zasolwandle ke, kubhekwa umhlaba ngcono ulwandle.
2. Herring - the "kudliwa" kuzo zonke. Uthando analo izinyoni, izilwane zasemanzini , thina - abantu. It udla ezinamagobolondo futhi zooplankton. abameleli inhlanzi Okukhulu kungenzeka uhlanganyele ubuzimu, ukudla amathole zazo siqu.
3. Mullet ubhekwa izinhlanzi okumnandi kakhulu. Ukudla kwabo (zooplankton futhi dentro), ke Ukuvubukula aphume inhlabathi ngezansi.
4. Fish nge funny igama mullet odla eziphilayo ezincane benthic, usebenzisa izimpondo zabo lokuphuthaza ukudla.
5. Ram - omunye ozithandayo inyamazane Anglers. It kuholela yokuphila demersal adle mollusk amancane zooplankton.

Ukudla zasolwandle izinhlanzi izilwane ezidla ezinye

1. Mackerel - ke ingenye izinhlanzi ethandwa kakhulu sokudliwa indoda. Lokhu engenazo izilwane ezidla ezinye euryphage, okuyinto feeds kokubili plankton futhi ezincane abanazo.
2. salmon Pink - lokhu ingenye abameleli ebaluleke kakhulu ukudoba omkhaya salmon. Kwamanye amazwe, le nhlanzi ibizwa ngokuthi "salmon Russian". Ukudla kwalo siqukethe mollusk nezinhlanzi ezincane, ezinamagobolondo futhi gazinga.
3. Catfish uthanda amanzi abandayo, ngakho uhlala endaweni ukujula sasivumela okukhulu. Siyabonga ezinsinini imenyu yayo evuthiwe nezimo kakhulu. Catfish udle izinkalankala, clams, sea urchin zidla, ama-lobster, starfish futhi jellyfish ngezinye izikhathi. Musa bangafuni eyikati nenhlanzi, okuyinto kunathi ngosayizi.
4. Ulwe uhlukile ngenxa yokuthi iba khona engavamile. Le ntokazi flat kuholela yokuphila demersal futhi Usizakala izinhlanzi ezincane kanye ezinamagobolondo, ehlasela kubo kusukela uyisiphephelo sakhe anesihlabathi.
5. I-halibut kuyinto umndeni ka flatfish futhi inikwa amandla yi-kuyafana ulwe. Kukhethwa ikakhulu capelin futhi Pollock.
6. Mackerel - umzingeli lejubane. Kuba inhlanzi inyamazane ezifana anchovy, mullet obomvu kanye mullet. Akasiniki up on izingane zabo. Futhi, mackerel ihhashi - iwukudla okuyintandokazi i amahlengethwa.
7. Salmon - eyintandokazi kakhulu abantu inhlanzi. It is kabanzi ekuphekeni ku emakhishini zomhlaba. Ngo okuphakelayo ulwandle salmon ku herring, sprat, aphele, inhlanzi kanye ezinamagobolondo.
8. Tuna kungokwalabo Scombridae umndeni futhi izinhlanzi eyigugu kakhulu kwezohwebo. It udla cephalopods kuthi nezinye izinhlobo ezithile zezinhlanzi amancane squid nezimfanzi.
9. Cod futhi walleye musa kuhluke abadla ngayo kwaphezulu "osebenza nabo."

Imenyu aquarium ababaleki

Ngo aquarium kukhona umkhuba imfashini ukuhlela sekulingisa ekujuleni kolwandle. Ukuze wenze lokhu, aquarium lihlotshiswe kwamakhorali, anemones bese uqala ukuba izinhlanzi ezingavamile kusukela izilwandle nasolwandle. Thola ilungelo "inkampani" nomuntu abangenalwazi akunakwenzeka ukuba bakwazi - yokuthi izakhamuzi eziningi mbumbulu ulwandle ngemuva ingilazi kungenzeka ababhubhise nomunye ngokuhambisana izici ukudla. Bukhali inhlanzi izilwane ezidla ezinye uyohlale ukuzingela ezidla uhlaza obunokuthula - ke kufanele bacabangele lapho ekhetha amakhaladi "izakhamuzi 'nge amaphiko. Ngokukhethekile kufanele kukhokhelwe lokho izinhlanzi ezidla olwandle. ethandwa ezidla aquarium "izivakashi zaphesheya" Iningi - a discus Astronotus, Piranha, inhlanzi, lionfish, Apistogramma, eliphuzi.

Zezakhamuzi obunokuthula kolwandle e aquarium bangaphila clown inhlanzi, gourami yemifino, fish, neon, abancane, tetras.

Uma unquma ukuhlela endlini yakhe emhlabeni ngaphansi kwamanzi, kubalulekile ukuthola lokho izakhamuzi aquarium ezidla ekhaya - olwandle noma olwandle. Zaziziningi izilwane like Yellow Dine iminenke kanye ezinamagobolondo, futhi engakwenqeni ukuzingela kuphela nezinhlanzi ezincane. Gcina kuze nabo nezinye cichlids, futhi Astronotus futhi piranha.

Kodwa ulwelwe - kungcono ukuthi feeds izinhlanzi-clown. Kanye iningi nezinye obunokuthula aquarium izakhamuzi.

River izinhlanzi abazingeli

izinyoni Fish-ukudla, kuyingozi kakhulu ngabo, kungakhathaliseki imvelo yabo. izitha Winged Abamele emfuleni - lokhu ama-gull black abangenangqondo, izindwandwe grey, Cranes, nengqungqulu nomhlophe-tailed. Lezi zinyoni elinganeliseki ongabhubhisa lenqwaba izinhlanzi. Sifunda okwengeziwe ngabo:

• Black esinamakhanda (umfula / black esinamakhanda Gull) - kuyinto omnivorous, ukudla inyoni nepereborchivaya usayizi encane. Ngenxa ngezidladla leWebhu seagull ukubhukuda kahle futhi catch izinhlanzi ebusweni amanzi ngabo akunzima.
• izindwandwe Gray kanye Cranes - izinyoni kahle esikhulu, okuyinto uthanda ukudla isilwane kuphela. Fish 80% yokudla kwawo, asele 20% - amaxoxo ke futhi namagundane.
• Osprey - a izinkozi emfuleni. Basuke ohlwini ezisengcupheni. Osprey - izinyoni izinhlanzi yokudla kanye kuphela! Bayazingelana usebenzisa ngezidladla clawed, ekuthumbeni impango amanzi. Osprey - isitha esibi kunazo zonke labantu abahlala umfula kungakhathaliseki zinhlobo.
• White-tailed ukhozi, efana nengqungqulu, ezisohlwini Incwadi Red. Kuyinto inyoni enkulu edla inyama empumalanga, zidla izinhlanzi kanye nezinyoni ezincane. Futhi kwimenyu elimhlophe-tailed ukhozi kuhlanganisa onogwaja, phansi izingwejeje, marmots, nezinye namagundane. Abanaso bangafuni ingcuba.

abazingeli Winged zasolwandle

Fish ezihlala olwandle, azigomekile siyoba yini ukudla zezinyoni. Ukuphila kwabo ngentshiseko bephazamisa abathandi enezimpiko-gourmets njengoba cormorants, albatross, petrels, ama-gull. Ezilwandle enyakatho nasolwandle zezinhlanzi ekuzingeleni penguins.

1. Cormorant - sekuyinto inyoni lenkhulukati odla capelin hhayi kuphela, lenhlanzi i-herring, kodwa futhi clams. Amehlo ala abazingeli ezinamaphiko babe esobala ulwelwesi nictitating okuyinto zifakwa ngaphansi kwamanzi uma uhlobo izibuko ngaphansi kwamanzi. Nale izici yokwakheka cormorants ukubona kahle inyamazane yayo ngaphansi ikholomu amanzi.
2. Albatross - owasinda ulwandle. Ngemuva kwesikhathi sokusebenza kwazo iminyaka engu-30 umuntu oyedwa ibusa omningi lezinhlanzi nezimbaza, squid futhi clams. Albatross ukucwila emanzini ngokuphelele ukuba ngamamitha ayi-15 ukujula, futhi ube nesikhathi ongeke umqondo wala kakhulu iphunga.
3. Puffin ocishe afane ijuba, kodwa, ngokungafani yokugcina, has a izinyawo olukhudlwana futhi ezinolwebu. Ukuguquguquka kwempilo kwalezi zinyoni iminyaka 20-26. Amandla banayo kuyafana ukuthi we albatross futhi cormorants. Futhi ngokuvamile petrels ezihambisana imikhumbi podedu ukudla udoti.
4. Gull - izinyoni kuphela abangenawo izitha zemvelo. Ukudla kwawo main - lena ngokuyinhloko izinhlanzi kanye mollusk izinambuzane, izinyoni ezincane kanye amaqanda abo, ezinamagobolondo, ingcuba nokusaphaza. Lezi prilovchilis ngobuqili uthole clams kusukela ngisho amagobolondo isikhathi eside kakhulu, bephonsa nabo kusuka ukuphakama.
5. Penguins - inyoni-Ongoti. Ngeke aze abe inhlanzi olungcolile noma amadala, njengokwenza izinto seagull noma petrels. Ukudla kwawo kumele kube asanda kakhulu, it siqukethe plankton, inhlanzi, krill, squid futhi cephalopods. Ukudla akhiphe penguins, nokuya ka 20-70 amamitha ukujula.

Inkathazo nge ogwini

Ngaphezu izinyoni nezinhlanzi Anglers izitha yizilwane. Edla inhlanzi nezilwane ezine ezinemilenze aphuthelwe ithuba lokujabulela isidlo ozithandayo. Ikakhulukazi eziningi ezimpilweni "abathandi gourmet 'emfuleni. Yini nokwezilwane inhlanzi? Lokhu muskrat, Otter, Shrew, muskrat. Futhi, wayejabula kakhulu mink udle inqwaba.