Dubrovitsy - farmstead. Golitsyn Manor. Dubrovitzy (Manor) - isithombe

Dubrovitsy Manor (Podolsky wesifunda, esifundeni eMoscow) itholakala ku-ibhange olunothile emfuleni. Pakhra. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala kule sayithi mlando ezangesikhathi 1627. Ngaleso sikhathi elikude izindlu wabizwa ngokuthi Boyar patrimony IV Tvoix rukax, lapho umhlaba imingcele yayisivaliwe kakhulu ngcono. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, yena ngofuzo fiefdom Aksinia I. - indodakazi tvoix rukax, yena - ngomfazi Prince IA Golitsyn. WayeyiZwi ngqa ka Manor. Ukuze ufunde indlela ukuthuthukisa inxuluma Golitsyn eminyakeni ezayo, ngimaphi amatjhuguluko ezenzeke Kulona, sifunda ku.

Izinyathelo ezibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni

Ekupheleni kwekhulu XVII. phakathi nokuphila Borisa Alekseevicha Golitsyna - umhlobo futhi uthisha uPetru mina - ifa usethule ukwakhiwa ezinkulu. Ngo 1689, umnikazi ifa, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi enkathini yokuqala wokubusa uPeter Omkhulu wayengomunye abakhulu enethonya kunazo, wawa sehlazweni yinkosi. Kule ndaba, Golitsyn waphoqeleka ukuba bayishiye inhloko-dolobha bazohlala kuleli dolobhana. ntandokazi wakhe wanikeza eduze fiefdom eMoscow. Futhi okokuqala kwezithelo zonke kwaba Dubrovitsy Manor Marfin, Big Vyazemy. Ngo 1690 igama lokuqala Prince sabekwa ibandla elihle kokuvamile Orthodox, egcwele ubuciko yobuciko yezakhiwo kweqiniso.

Incazelo izindlu

Namuhla, evakashele Manor indlu yakuqala, ungabona kahle walondoloza zezakhiwo ezindala kwi insimu yalo. Phakathi kwabo, iSonto Virgin oNgcwele 1609-1704 GG., Lesi sigodlo e 1750, i-ezitebeleni, endundumeni. Futhi ngasinda amaphiko ezintathu izakhiwo ezine ngenhloso kwezomnotho kanye French Linden epaki. eziyinkimbinkimbi zomlando itholakala 6 km kusuka esiteshini sesitimela, empumalanga emzaneni yesimanje Dubrovitsy. Manor Yakhiwa eduze indawo lapho uhlangane emfuleni Pakhra futhi Desna. Kamuva, ngesikhathi lapho ifa okungewakho Morozov, insimu yayo ezakhiwa indlu kanye esontweni wokhuni igama Eliya uMprofethi.

Church of Virgin oNgcwele

Kuvele isikhathi ezibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ifa kwaqala ngo 1688, lapho Barony laba impahla yabantwana Borisa Alekseevicha Golitsyna (1641-1714 GG.). Ehlobo lika-1690 ensimini ka ifa ladilizwa ibandla elidala ezenziwe ngokhuni. Kwakuthinta bathuthela edolobhaneni eliseduze Lemeshovo. Kusayithi ayengaphansi ithempeli inkosana wabeka isonto elisha kusuka itshe elimhlophe isitayela Baroque. It wahlanganyela ukwakhiwa inqwaba ngezisebenzi angaphandle kanye Russian. I umhlobiso yezakhiwo isonto njalo kuthinta ngokuchichima kwezobuciko kakhulu, izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu ngomusa. Yikuphi ngempela ezingavamile Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia izakhiwo. Ngenxa yalo msebenzi professional abaculi kanye izinto izinga okusezingeni lisetshenziswe umsebenzi ungabona imifanekiso stucco themes ivangeli. I-kahle ezine walondoloza iconostasis futhi embhedeni choir nge openwork eqoshwe.

izindlu ukuhlelwa kabusha

Ngo 1750-1753 GG. lapho uLieutenant Golitsyn - umzukulu Boris A. - ku endlini izindlu Manor Yakhiwa, izindlu ezine, ezitebeleni. Kwakhiwa futhi izindlu. Ngo-1781, maqondana nesikweletu esikhulu, lesikhulu sombutho waphoqeleka ukuba uthengise izindlu Dubrovitsy. I izindlu lidlule ku kwelifa loonyana Grigoriya Aleksandrovicha Potemkina (1739-1791 GG.). Nokho, umnikazi izigodi naye yaba ngeyesikhashana. Ehlobo lika-1787 uCatherine II ehambela lesi sigodi Dubrovitsy. Manor ngakho yena uthanda ukuthi iNdlovukazi wafuna ukuthenga izindlu intandokazi yakhe entsha - (. 1758-1803 GG) iphini lomlawuli wempi Alexander M. Dmitriyev-Mamonov. Ngakho, ngo-December 1788 ifa atholwe umnikazi omusha lapho sibhekene Dmitriyev-Mamonov. Ngokushesha Count umhlalaphansi futhi wasebenzisa isikhathi sakhe ukuphakamisa indodana yakhe Mathewu. Umndeni wawuhlala e Moscow, edolobhaneni Dubrovitsy. Manor, isithombe ukuthi okusesihlokweni esithi, uma umnikazi omusha uye washintsha abalulekile. Ngokuhambisana kulungiswe mbumbulu kanye umhlobiso ingaphakathi endlini enkulu zakamuva yemfashini izindlu ukwakhiwa iye yenziwa. Futhi uma phambi kwethempeli esesikhundleni emaphakathi, kusukela ngekhulu XVIII. Yena zinhlanga zangena phakathi isizinda phambi design ngobungcweti compositional lesi sakhiwo esikhulu. Nakuba ngaleso isiqongo ukuthandwa babe zamakhosi isitayela classic, washiya Baroque. Kusukela kabusha yonke indlu kwakuthiwa esindayo, kwanqunywa ukuba esikhundleni kuphela ukuklanywa olungaphambili lwesonto Ingaphandle. Esikhathini ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi ngaseningizimu yalesi isakhiwo kwaba ifakwe enhle eziyisithupha ikholamu kuvulandi. Eyinhloko yokungena indlu kwahambisana ngumuntu wonke ezimhlophe itshe ezitebhisini nge handrail isitayela Empire. I umhlobiso efanayo wathola ngehele ka loggias isakhiwo. amatafula itshe High abangu ehlotshiswe zemabula kumi izingonyama ezimbili. Enye kwalokho emangalisayo Manor indlu main kwaba kuvulwa ithala elimhlophe-zamatshe ezitebhisini isiyingi. Umpheme yabo isendaweni izinhlangothi phambi kwesakhiwo. Ngesikhathi eyinhloko yokungena ifa kwakukhona umthombo nembali embhedeni elikhanyayo. Kuyaphawuleka indlu main kwaba ithala, semi Rotunda ne eziyishumi amakholomu isitayela oda laseKorinte, ibekwe yi- Umfula Desna. Ekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII. ubuphansi kwakunomuntu kwalokho abalulekile - French lime epaki. It sephulwe engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye patrimony endaweni esigodlweni wahlukana eyinkimbinkimbi izindlu.

izinguquko zangaphakathi

Isigodlo ingaphakathi futhi uye washintsha abalulekile. amakamelo Small yahlanganiswa ku isixhobo amakamelo ezinkulu eziholela ihholo emaphakathi. Lesi sakamuva kwadingeka i ijamo side, futhi ingqikithi yendawo mayelana 200 sq. m. Architects abezama egumbini i kobujamo obusaqanda. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izindonga kusukela kuphansi kusiya ophahleni zaveza umbono yokudweba yezakhiwo landscape. Kwakukhona okuphindaphindiwe izakhi isithombe, isb Loggia, izindawo zokudlala, izingoma zokuhlobisa. Esikhunjeni Esiphaphathekile ithoni pink ngombono distal ngokushelela egeleza shades brown, okuyinto zipendwe ku ikholomu eduze eside. Bona kuchazwa master okuvela isithombe amajazi izikhali, phakathi okuyinto ziwuphawu izinhlobo Dmitriev-Mamonov samanje. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yaqala ukuthi zifune ukubuyiselwa imidwebo. Ngo 1968-1970 GG. ke ibuyiselwe.

Umlando ifa phakathi nesikhathi sokubusa Mamonov

Ngemva kokufa inkosi yakhe umdala, indodana yakhe Mathewu waba yindlalifa esimweni Dubrovitsy. Manor (indlela leya izigodi, kuzoxoxwa ngezansi) waya kuye lapho eneminyaka engu-13 kuphela ubudala, akhuliswa ngayo eyingoduso Umkhulu - Zakharov. Ngo 1812, ne ekuqaleni kwempi, Earl wajoyina impi. Phakathi Tarutino impi edolobhaneni Dubrovitsy wayeka ihlukane elincane amasosha Russian. Ngemuva lapha waphinde wavakashela amasosha French. Okthoba 10, 1812 ihlukane elincane French abakhwele amahhashi I. Murat ahamba Dubrovitsy, kuyilapho aphanga nokusha emaphandleni aseduze. Disemba 21, 1812 Matvey Aleksandrovich - umnikazi we-estate - ukhishwa "Ukuze Isibindi" ngesimo a saber segolide. Ngo-March 1813 wamiswa njengephayona elivamile induna ibutho lakhe futhi ukhushuliwe jikelele ezinkulu. Ngo 1816, MA Dmtriev-Mamonov umhlalaphansi kanti ngonyaka ozayo ekugcineni esezinzile Manor Dubrovitsy. Kule nkathi yesikhathi iqala ukuvela inhlangano imfihlo eyasungulwa Matveem Aleksandrovichem, - "Order of Russian Knights". Yena uqobo wabhala Charter, ubizwa ngokuthi "Guides Quick". Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we ezihlongozwayo yokuqeda ubugqila eRussia kanye Siyakwamukela "Russian Knights" izigodi, izinqaba umhlaba. Umqondo yokuhlala Izindawo njengoba inqaba khona kabi wahlanganyela igrafu. reflection wakhe kwaba ukwakhiwa emhlabeni Manor lonke Dubrovitsy itshe odongeni emazinyweni e isitayela ephakathi. Lapho izindlu yazuza umbono ka enqabeni. A halo imfihlakalo ukuthi ambozwe ngokwabo ukubala, siyabhubha sina uhulumeni. isikhathi Ifanele ukuba abophe Mamonov isishaya valet, lapho Bala esolwa ejenti eyimfihlo. Ehlobo lika-1825 ehambisana Matvey Aleksandrovich wayiswa eMoscow, lapho waba amaphoyisa ukumelana okusheshayo. Isizathu sokugcina kwaba ukwenqaba ukuba enze isifungo kuMbusi Nicholas I. Ngemva kwalokhu igrafu uzwakalise udidekile ngokomqondo futhi sivikelwe usumisiwe phezu kwakhe. Ngo 1848-1850 GG., Ngesikhathi MA Mamonov alibophela, ukubuyiselwa lokuqala yebandla Manor Dubrovitsy ngaphansi academician bokwakha FF lahlelwa Richter.

Umlando alandelayo Manor

Ngo-1864, umniniyo Sergei Mikhailovich Golitsyn - avela umndeni lasendulo kwesikhulu. Umnikazi omusha eziningi umzamo ifakiwe ku landscape impahla. Kwakuthinta kancane kudilizwe odongeni, nekamelo kuya enyakatho-mpumalanga salandelwa hen indlu. Ngo-1919 izindlu wavulwa Museum yezikhulu. Nokho, wahlala isikhathi esifushane. Ngo-1927, zonke nemibukiso zadluliselwa eMoscow, Tsaritsyno, Serpukhov. A Manor Dubrovitsy (ibalazwe lapho izindlu itholakala, uvezwa sihloko) wakucabangela izindonga zawo lezintandane. Ngo-1923, ifa itholakala lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu Bogoroditsk Agricultural College. Ngo-1961, ifa ixazululwe Russian (bese-Union) Research Institute Animal ukunakekela. A semali imishini, mhlawumbe ngokweqile grid kagesi noma ukungenzi kubangelwa umlilo omkhulu. Indlu Manor nisishisile ebusuku ka 3 kuya 4 June 1964

sokubuyiselwa

Esikhathini 1966-1970 inkathi. Sasizigqokele umsebenzi asebenzayo sokubuyiselwa. Wakwazi ukubuyela wangaphambili olungaphambili lwesonto yomhlobiso wawo, lungisa endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi. ihholo Armorial, nokususa ezelekene kapende, abuyiselwe nemidwebo. Ngo 1966-1990, ukubuyiselwa kwenziwa ebandleni. Ministry of Culture of the USSR wayehlela esisebenzisa njengophawu Museum of izakhiwo zenkolo. Kodwa ekwindla ka-1990 ibandla wabuyela ebandleni. Bathutheleka lapha eziningi abantu. Ungathola Manor amamitha. Tsaritsyno noma eKursk esiteshini ngesitimela Podolsk. Ukuze ngifike kuleyo ndawo ngokwayo, lapho kukhona ifa kufanele niqhubeke ikhumbi noma ibhasi 65. Ngemoto kufanele ukushayela eduze Simferopol emgwaqweni omkhulu wamyisa Podolsk. Lapho, esigcawini. Lenin kudingeka niphendukele kwesokunene - emgwaqeni. Kirova ke Okthoba ave. Khona-ke udinga ukuya izimpawu endaweni.

Ifomu wanamuhla Manor

Kusukela ngehlobo lika-2003 futhi kuze kube namuhla endaweni eshintsha kubonakala kungashonile okungcono: okwalapha wabhubhisa epaki esifuze; esikhundleni endleleni mlando, echazwe imibhalo ezigciniwe ngo-1915, i-elikhulu Yawning emgodini. Ezizingelezele indlu yakhiwe odongeni lwezitini. Lona umbono wanamuhla Manor Dubrovitsy. Manor Nokho, (kanjani ukuya izindlu, oluchazwe ngenhla), futhi izivakashi eziningi namuhla.