China Syma Tsyan

ezikhumbuzo Ibhalwe usitshele ukuthi ngesikhathi kokubusa Shang-intsev ku Srednekitayskoy ethafeni kwandulelwe isikhathi, ngemuva kwalokhu ozobizwa isiko zomlando Xia Dynasty. I lasendulo mlando Chinese Syma Tsyan, owadala ekhulwini mina. BC. e. abadumile yakhe "Historical Records", kuqokomisa kuyiphi inkathi "amakhosi amathathu" (Xia, Shang futhi Zhou), yena uyaphikisana isikhathi esandulele ka "ababusi abahlanu". Syma Tsyan wayeyindodana yobudala bakhe futhi wacabanga izigaba besikhathi sakhe. Noma kunjalo, ngo incazelo yakhe izenzo "ababusi" lasendulo siqonde izici, okuvumela ukuchaza indawo yabo inqubo zenhlalakahle kanye zomlando.

Enye "Ababusi Five" Yao wayengumuntu, a Umbusi ohlakaniphile futhi uyakufanelekela wayesemdala, waqala ukubheka umuntu owayezothatha isikhundla phakathi izifundo zakhe. ekukhetheni kwaKhe, wayeka ngesikhathi Shu-cha, futhi yabonisa ikhono zizibonakalise zabo ukuba ngundlalifa Yao. Gwema imithetho baphumelele njengawe esasisandulele, bese, isibonelo sakhe, wanika sobukhosi lisebenza futhi uyakwazi Yu. Nokho, lona wamuva waphula nesiko, futhi ulandelwa indodana yakhe. Ngakho kwaba khona amakhosi ohlanga Xia.

Kungenzeka ukuthi leli siko sezwa Echoes izinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu zomphakathi, imakwe ukubhujiswa oda ubudala zazingavumi kahle futhi bengenalo kwaholela ukuvela amandla sitholwa njengefa. Njengamanje, isayensi ayinakho ubufakazi ongenambangi of ngokomlando Xia Dynasty. China Syma Tsyan.

Kodwa ukuba khona XVII-XI eminyaka. BC. e. protogosudarstvennyh th imfundo Shang wazibonakalisa uthola izikhumbuzo epigraphic langaleso sikhathi - okubizwa ngokuthi Yin Egumbini mibhalo. Decipherment nasekuchazeni mithombo (ngaphezu langempela idatha okutheni) kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubuyisela izigaba eziyinhloko yentuthuko umphakathi Yin.

Izici eziningi kule intsev isiko abonisa isiko esisuka emuva ngasekupheleni kwenkathi Neolithic. Phakathi Yin yathinteka ezingeni kuqhathaniswa eliphezulu amakhono obuchwepheshe emkhakheni yokusansimbi (ukucutshungulwa zethusi), kodwa ezifinyelelwe cishe akunamthelela imininingwane amathuluzi endaweni eyinhloko ukukhiqizwa nomphakathi - kwezolimo: ensimini, njengasekuqaleni, babephathwa amathuluzi ikakhulukazi ngokhuni netshe, lethusi yayisetshenziswa kakhulu womshini izikhali nezinto isiko.

China Syma Tsyan