Carburetor - Iyini? Umgomo we operation, ukusetshenziswa

Kulesi sihloko uzofunda mayelana izinhlelo fuel injection. Carburetor - lena indlela yokuqala, okuvumela ukuba ukuxhuma kule edingekayo ngezabelo uphethiloli nge air-fuel ingxube ukulungiselela futhi usinika ke egumbini injini amandla omlilo. Lezi amadivayisi zasetshenziswa kakhulu futhi kuze kube yilolu suku - nokungalawuleki, chainsaws, mowers nokunye. Yilokho nje embonini yezimoto, baye eside kusukela lwaludlula injector injection, eziphambili kakhulu futhi eyinkimbinkimbi.

Uyini umshini emotweni lapho kuhlanganiswa khona umoya nomusi kaphethiloli?

Carburetor - yidivayisi ukuthi ihlangana fuel futhi emoyeni, kuthatha ingxube okuholela i ezininginingi eyanele ye yangaphakathi omlilo engine. carbs Early basebenza ngokuvumela nje emoyeni umongozima ebusweni uphethiloli (endabeni - uphethroli). Kodwa iningi labo kamuva asakaza inani alinganisiwe uphethiloli lwalo emfudlaneni emoyeni. Lo moya sidlula Imibhobho esemzimbeni. Ukuze isimo carburetor yalezi izingxenye kubaluleke kakhulu.

I carburetor bekulokhu lisisakhiwo yokuhlanganisa fuel futhi emoyeni i yangaphakathi omlilo injini kuze kube 1980, lapho ungaqiniseki mayelana kusebenta ukusetshenziswa kwalo. Lapho amandla omlilo uphethiloli ekhiqizwa kwekhabhoni eziningi eziyingozi. Nakuba carburetors kwakuyizinto ezazisetshenziswa kwa-United States, e-Europe kanye nakwamanye amazwe athuthukile kwaze kwaba maphakathi nawo-1990, besebenza ndawonye nge eziyinkimbinkimbi zokulawula ukuhlangabezana nezidingo for igesi encane ebamba ukushisa.

Umlando yentuthuko

Imihlobo ehlukeneko carburetors baye lakhiwe ngokuhlanganyela inani lamaphayona embonini yezimoto, kubona kukhona nonjiniyela German Karl Benz, umsunguli Austrian Siegfried Marcus, i isazi IsiZulu uFrederick W. Lanchester, nabanye. Ngoba izindlela eziningi kangaka yokuhlanganisa emoyeni nophethiloli ezahlukene isetshenzisiwe eminyakeni yokuqala yokuba khona nokuthuthukiswa imoto (futhi carburetors ekuqaleni umile likaphethiloli izinjini nazo asetshenziswa), kunzima ngempela ukunquma eqinisweni bani is umsunguli wale divayisi eyinkimbinkimbi.

izinhlobo carburetors

imiklamo Early ayehlukile ngesimo sawo indlela yabo eyinhloko zokusebenza. Futhi zehluke ngaphezulu zanamuhla, ubani owaphucwa wabusa kakhulu kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Modern Chainsaw carburetor uhlobo spray, nokunye okunjalo asetshenziswa izimoto zanamuhla. Ngowokuqala ngqa, mlando, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, ukwakhiwa zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

1. Surface-uhlobo carburetors.
2. Futha carburetor.

Cabanga ngokuningiliziwe kamuva.

ebusweni carburettors

Zonke imiklamo ekhulu lokuqala ayenomoya wokungenisa ebusweni carburetor, nakuba kwakungekho ezihlukahlukene okukhulu kulesi sigaba. Ngokwesibonelo, Zigfrid UMarkus wethula into ebizwa "ukuphotha ibhulashi-carb" Ngo-1888,. Futhi Frederick Lanchester athuthukile yakhe ntambo carburetor uthayiphe 1897.

carburetor Okokuqala iflothi lwenzelwe e 1885 by Wilhelm Maybach futhi Gottlieb Daimler. Karl Benz lobunikazi iflothi-uhlobo carburetor futhi cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo. Noma kunjalo, lezi imiklamo ekhulu lokuqala ayenomoya wokungenisa ebusweni carburetor elalisebenzela by odlula emoyeni phezu kwamanzi ukukhwezelwa ukuze luqhubeke uhlanganise nabo. Kodwa kungani sidinga injini carburetor? Ngaphandle-ke akazange aphumelele okuphakelayo fuel ingxube kuze amandla omlilo (injector ekhulwini nesishiyagalolunye ke ayikaziwa) cell.

Iningi ebusweni amadivayisi ezisetshenziswa ukuhwamuka elula. Kodwa kwakukhona abanye carbs, zazaziwa amadivayisi asebenza ngezithukuthuku "amashashazi" (obizwa nangokuthi isihlungi carburetors). Basebenza ngokuphoqa emoyeni ukuya phezulu ngokusebenzisa phansi ekamelweni nophethiloli. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuba inhlanganisela air nophethiloli phezu kwenqwaba we uphethiloli. Futhi le ngxube kamuva ukusivumela ezininginingi eyanele.

Ikani carburetor

Nakuba ezahlukene ebusweni carburettors babe evelele kulo lonke emashumini lokuqala imoto, spray carburetor waqala hlala niche ebalulekile ithuba zekhulu 19-20th. Esikhundleni sokuncika ku ukuhwamuka, lezi carburettors empeleni afafazwe kusukela inani alinganisiwe uphethiloli emoyeni eye ukusivumela edonsa emoyeni. Lezi carburetors iflothi esetshenziswa (njengoba Maybach namadizayini ngaphambili Benz). Kodwa lapho beseyizinsizwa bamukela ngesisekelo Bernoulli isimiso kanye Venturi umphumela njengoba amadivayisi sesimanjemanje njenge-K-68 carburetor.

Omunye aerosol carburetors subtypes yiyona okuthiwa ingcindezi carburetor. Waqale uvele 1940. Nakuba ingcindezi carburetors zifane aerosol ngaphandle kuphela, empeleni ayeyizakhamuzi izibonelo zokuqala ophoqelelwe fuel injection amadivayisi (injectors). Esikhundleni sokuncika ku umphumela Venturi ukumunca fuel esuka egumbini, ingcindezi kukaphethiloli afafazwe kusukela valve carburetor cishe ngendlela efanayo injectors yesimanje. Carburetors ngokuya ziba yinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu phakathi nempi 1980 kanye 1990.

Kusho ukuthini "carb"?

"Carb" - kuba igama lesiNgisi, elisuselwa carbure eside eFrench - ". Carbide" carburer French limane lisho "yokuhlanganisa (into ethile) carbon." Ngokufanayo, igama lesiNgisi elithi "carburetor" ngobuchwepheshe kusho "ukwanda okuqukethwe carbon."

Ngokufanayo, carburetor usebenza K-68, eyayisetshenziselwa uhlobo "Tula" Scooters (kamuva "Intuthwane"), izithuthuthu "Ural" futhi "Dnepr".

izingxenye

Zonke izinhlobo carburetors zinezigaba ezahlukene. Kodwa amadivayisi yesimanje benezingane eziningi ezijayelekileko, kuhlanganise:

1. Amavesi emoyeni (tube Venturi).
2. Valve mpintsha.
3. idling Solenoid.
4. Kunonophisa futha.
5. ekamelweni we umshini emotweni lapho kuhlanganiswa khona umoya nomusi kaphethiloli (primary, Aweshubhu, nokunye).
6. Iflothi indlela.
7. I carburetor ulwelwesi yokudluliswa nophethiloli.
8. I ngezikulufo ukulungisa.

Kanjani a carburetor?

Zonke izinhlobo carburetors ukusebenza nge izindlela ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, intambo yefilakisi-uhlobo carburetors umsebenzi, ephoqa emoyeni ozowela kobuso Wicks igesi afuthwe ngesibulali-. Lokhu kubangela ukuhwamuka kaphethiloli emoyeni. Noma kunjalo Wick uhlobo amadivayisi (nezinye ebusweni) akusebenzi engaphezu kwekhulu edlule.

carburetors Iningi ezisetshenziswa izimoto namuhla zisebenzisa indlela spray. Bonke asebenze ngendlela efanayo. Modern carburetors umsebenzi nge Venturi umphumela ukudweba fuel esuka egumbini.

Izimiso eziyisisekelo carburetor

Carbs, okuyinto zisekelwe Bernoulli isimiso, babe ezinye izici. izinguquko emoyeni kontanga esivikelekile futhi encike ngqo kwi ngesivinini esingakanani-ke ihamba. Lokhu kubalulekile, ngoba indinyana emoyeni ngokusebenzisa carburetor yakhiwa ewumngcingo, Venturi constricted. Kuyadingeka ukuba asheshise emoyeni lapho sidlula-ke.

Ukuhamba (hhayi inhlanganisela ukugeleza) ngokusebenzisa carburetor ilawulwa i isinyathelo namafutha. Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso valve mpintsha ise carburetor, ngosizo intambo. Le valve yenza evala Venturi lapho isinyathelo namafutha alisetshenziswa, futhi ivula lapho lokhu isinyathelo icindezelwa. Lokhu kuvumela emoyeni umongozima ngokusebenzisa Venturi. Ngakho-ke, ngophethiloli idwetshwa esuka egumbini yokuhlanganisa. On izimiso ezinjengalezi nokulindela okusekelwe umsebenzi carburetor.

carburetors Abaningi umphini ezengeziwe phezu Venturi (ibizwa ngokuthi binda, okuyinto ethatha njengoba yesibili mpintsha). I mpintsha uhlala ingxenye evaliwe lapho injini abandayo, okuyinto kunciphisa inani emoyeni elingase kudlule singene umshini emotweni lapho kuhlanganiswa khona umoya nomusi kaphethiloli. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuba inhlanganisela ocebile emoyeni / fuel isilinganiso, ngakho mpintsha ayovuleka (ngesandla noma ngokuzenzakalela) ngokushesha nje injini nendlu yaqala ukufudumala futhi ngeke kusadingeka ukuba nenye ocebile.

izingxenye Okunye umshini emotweni lapho kuhlanganiswa khona umoya nomusi kaphethiloli izinhlelo nazo senzelwe ayisukumele ingxube emoyeni-fuel ngesikhathi izimo zokusebenza ahlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, valve rwe noma induku metering kungase kwandise inani uphethiloli mpintsha evulekile, noma-ke kwenzeka ekuphenduleni ingcindezi ongaphakeme ku uhlelo cleaner (noma langempela mpintsha isikhundla). Carburetor - liyisici nzima futhi ngesisekelo ngokomzimba ukusebenza kwawo ziyinkimbinkimbi.

izinkinga

Ezinye izinkinga carburetors zingaxazululwa ngokulungisa enezinto emoyeni, ingxube noma engenzi lutho, kuyilapho ezinye zidinga bayawukhanda noma esikhundleni. Ngokuvamile bakhathale carburetor ulwelwesi iyeke ukumpompa uphethiloli ekamelweni.

Lapho carburetor ehluleka, injini ngeke sisebenze kahle ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ezinye izinhlelo izinkinga umshini emotweni lapho kuhlanganiswa khona umoya nomusi kaphethiloli kuholele ukwehluleka yenjini, ngeke ngokuvamile idling ngaphandle kosizo (isib ngokudweba noma ukuncela podgazovki njalo). Izinkinga ezivamile zenzeka phakathi nenkathi ebandayo, lapho injini nzima kakhulu ukusebenza. A carburetor, elisebenza kahle ngoba injini ebandayo hleze ngendlela evamile lapho ukushisa (lokhu kungenxa yezinkinga ngeziteshi coking).

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi carburetor ngoba motoblock ukubunjwa yayo kuyafana imoto. Umehluko enanini lama-elementi nosayizi yabo. Kwezinye izimo, inkinga carburetor ingaxazululwa ngesandla ukulungisa ingxube noma idling isivinini. Ngenxa yale njongo ingxube ngokuvamile kushintshwe ukujikeleza eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ngezikulufo. Bona fixed inaliti valve. Lezi nezikulufi unike amandla emzimbeni misa valve inaliti, futhi lokhu kuholela ekuphelelweni yokuthi inani uphethiloli zingancishiswa (ingxube mafutha) noma ukwanda kwemithwalo (is ahlanganiswe ingxube) kuncike esimweni esithile.

Ukulungisa carburetor

Izinkinga eziningi carburetor izinhlelo zingaxazululwa ngokwenza izinguquko noma enze ezinye nezimagqabhagqabha ngaphandle kokukhipha idivayisi kusukela injini. Ukuze ulungise umshini emotweni lapho kuhlanganiswa khona umoya nomusi kaphethiloli ngoba motoblock, asikho isidingo uyisuse. Kodwa ezinye izinkinga zingaxazululwa kuphela nokukhishwa idivayisi iphinde zokuluthola ngokugcwele noma kancane. ukusebenza nokuvulwa umshini emotweni lapho kuhlanganiswa khona umoya nomusi kaphethiloli ngokuvamile kuhilela ukususwa block, kwazo ibe izingxenye, futhi lakhelwe wokuhlanza nge kuphela le njongo.

Eziningana izingxenye zangaphakathi, izimvu zamanzi kanye nezinye izingxenye ke kubalulekile ukuba esikhundleni ngaphambi kokufakwa. Kuphela emva ukwelashwa olunzulu kubalulekile ukuba ahlanganise carburetor bese ushintsha. Ukuchitha inkonzo izinga, uzodinga kit wokulungisa carburetor. Luhlanganisa zonke ebaluleke kakhulu teluhlaka.

Ngakho, siye sathola ukuthi carburetor - ngokwezwi nezwi isho ukuthi idivaysi okuyinto kubhebhethekise (fuel) emoyeni futhi abahambisele ingxube ekamelweni injini amandla omlilo.