Antiseptic - Iyini? Yiziphi?

Kungani usebenzisa isinqandakuvunda? Lona ungomunye walabo izihloko ezidinga ekhethekile, indlela ngokucophelela. Iqiniso ukuthi ziningi izinhlobo antiseptics. Bonke kumele kusetshenziswe inhloso yazo, ngezilinganiso esiqinile. Isihloko inikeza izinhlobo ezinkulu antiseptics futhi izicelo zabo. Thina siqale incazelo.

Yini uyalondoloza?

Lokhu kusho ukuthi ibulala amagciwane adala nokuvimbela elibi yokubola. umsuka yesiGreki elithi. Elihunyushwe ngokuthi "άντί" lisho ukuthi "ngokumelene" futhi "σηπτικός" uhumusha ukuba "Putrid" noma "gnoisty".

Ezinye antiseptics kukhona germicidal futhi labo abazokwazi amagciwane echithayo, abanye - bacteriostatic futhi kungaba kuphela ukuvimbela noma zivimbela ukukhula kwabo.

Antiseptic - umuthi kabani ukusebenza okuye kwabonakala. Microbicide, okuyinto banekhono ukubhubhisa igciwane izinhlayiya, ngokuthi "imithi elwa namagciwane."

umphumela

Ukuze zikhule amabhaktheriya, zidinga evumayo naphakathi izakhi (lokushisa, umoya-mpilo, umswakama). Wonke umuntu wesifazane empilweni yakhe wabhekana nale mibandela lokulondolozwa ukudla. Esinye isibonelo umkhuba nokugqumisa abafileyo lasendulo. Kungani ngemva kweminyaka eminingi kangaka, ososayensi bathole ezidunjini ezomisiwe kahle walondoloza? Impendulo elula selivele lisetshenziselwa antiseptics.

Ngaphambi kwamiswa lo mqondo mayelana amagciwane, ugxila nokuvinjelwa kwamazinyo. Ekuqaleni, inombolo ye-ejenti oyifunayo wayezimisele, njengoba besho, "amehlo". Le ndlela wayengeyena olunembile, kodwa isipiliyoni, njengoba sazi, iza isikhathi nokuprakthiza. Namuhla antiseptics Kuhlolwa ngokuvumelana nethonya lazo amasiko okumsulwa uhlobo oluthile amagciwane noma spore namafomu vegetative. Ukuze Ngokuqhathanisa isenzo amandla kuthathwe isetshenziswa njengoba phenol isixazululo okujwayelekile (aqueous).

Ngakho, isinqandakuvunda - kuba isinqandakuvunda magciwane izidakamizwa. Manje siyowuqonda lapho izindawo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu.

Antiseptic kwezokwelapha

Kulesi magciwane endaweni kubaluleke ngokukhethekile. Ngaphambi kokufika yesimanje izinga antiseptics kabanzi "yokuhlanza mechanical" iwukuba ukukhipha zokwakheka ubovu. Engxenyeni ngekhulu XVIII yesibili. Lister watadisha "lwegciwane theory elibi", ebhalwe Lui Pasterom. Eshukunyiswa umqondo, washeshe eshicilelwe iphepha ekwembuleni izimiso ukuhlinzwa isinqandakuvunda.

Ngokukhethekile sakhokhwa carbolic acid. Kwaba indlela entsha aphathe abscesses kanye waphuka evulekile. essence yayo bandaging necebo lokhu acid. Lister waba umsunguli we isinqandakuvunda, kusiza ukulwa ngempumelelo ukutheleleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhambi amaphesenti amahlanu ngesikhathi esikhulu isilonda, amaphesenti amabili babephathwa sutures kanye kusaladi, kuhlinzwa izandla ensimini.

Listerovskogo isinqandakuvunda kwadingeka abasekeli hhayi kuphela kodwa futhi ardent bangi. Kwakuhlangene ezizihluphayo ezinzima nemiphumela anobuthi ku izicubu kogulayo, futhi ezandleni nodokotela ohlinzayo. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi kule ndawo waqhubeka uye wakwenza ngokuzimisela. Eminyakeni eyikhulu kamuva quarter, inqubo aseptic kwatholakala. Imiphumela kokuvula babe umxhwele. Ngakho kangangokuba kwakukhona iziphakamiso ukulahla antiseptics. Nokho, lokhu kwaba engenakwenzeka. Umsebenzi waqhubeka.

Ngokushesha, emisha aphakanyisiwe antiseptics, ngaphansi enobuthi emzimbeni. Kungokufanayo izinto steel ukucutshungulwa amathuluzi okuhlinza kanye netintfo lesiguli ezizungezile. Ngakho asepsis futhi antisepsis zithandelana Friend kakhulu.

izinhlobo antiseptics

Mechanical. It ivumela yokuhlanza amagciwane isilonda nezicubu nonviable (ukuwasha ubovu ingaphakathi excision (ukwelashwa) isilonda phansi futhi emaphethelweni alo).

Physical (bandaging, ukusetshenziswa omiswe izimpushana, laser, ultraviolet ray).

Chemical. Kubalulekile kakhulu, hhayi nje kuphela ukwelapha izifo ukulimaza, kodwa futhi ekuvimbeleni yabo. nomphumela olimazayo nezilwanyana ezincane.

Eziphilayo. It kusekelwe ukusetshenziswa iqembu ngempela ezihlukahlukene enkulu izidakamizwa njengemigoqo cell microbial uqobo kanye ubuthi bayo, kanjalo ngcono amabutho okuvikela umzimba wonke (bacteriophages, imithi elwa namagciwane, antitoxins (avame kuba serum), ama-enzyme proteolytic).

Mixed. Okuvame kakhulu, okubandakanya izinhlobo eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa (isib a evele preprocessing isilonda (mechanical), kanye nokwethulwa of ngqi toxoid (oyizalayo)).

Inombolo antiseptics namuhla omkhulu. Kodwa ukusebenzisa kwabo cishe njalo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngamanye amazwi, isitatimende "uyalondoloza - i-antibiotic", eqinisweni, elungile. Nokho, ngaphandle "usekelo olungeziwe" ngesimo ukunakekelwa isilonda kanye magciwane kwezakhiwo kwezokwelapha zanamuhla akakwazi ukukwenza.

Manje sibheke antiseptics ezivamile zokwelapha.

alcohols

Ethanol, isopropyl, propyl. I lokuhlushwa kusuka ku 60% kuya ku-90%. Babesebenzisa kokubili ifomu okumsulwa kanye ezazixutshwe. Vumela zokukhipha igciwane isikhumba ngaphambi umjovo nokuhlinzwa. Lezi alcohols zivame kuhlangene iodine tincture noma nge cationic ebusweni-asebenzayo ejenti (chlorhexidine gluconate, benzalkonium chloride, octenidine dihydrochloride).

ammonium compounds

Enye igama ezivamile - IHORA. Ziqukethe eziningi amakhemikhali (benzalkonium chloride (BAC), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (STMV), benzethonium chloride (BZT), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC noma Cetrim)). Benzalkonium chloride sengezwe ezinye izibulali-magciwane. Liyadingeka ukuze kwelashwe isikhumba ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Isetshenziselwa impregnate amathawula isinqandakuvunda. isinyathelo Elwa Namagciwane inactivated QAC surfactants izinto anionic (isb, insipho).

boric acid

Lanezela ku suppository for ekwelapheni izifo fungal lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Boric acid kuyinto enhle kakhulu izimpi herpes virus ukuhlaselwa. It kungezwe ukhilimu ukusha kanye izixazululo lens.

Hlorgeskidina gluconate

Lokhu esuselwe biguanide. okuhlushwa ezinconyiwe - kusuka 0.5% kuya ku-4%. Ingasetshenziselwa kokubili wedwa futhi lihambisana alcohols. Isetshenziswa njengesici isinqandakuvunda isikhumba. Isetshenziselwa ekwelapheni gingivitis.

oluhlaza brilliant

Edume ukubizwa ngokuthi 'upende oluhlaza ". Umuthi evame kakhulu. Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izilonda, abscesses encane. kungaba yingozi amagciwane igramu-HIV.

i-hydrogen peroxide

Lokhu isinqandakuvunda esetshenziselwa deodorization kanye amanxeba kanye nezilonda. Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, avame ukuthi ziphathwe ekuqaleni, umzanyana. Iyatholakala 6% no-3% izixazululo.

iodine

Ngokuvamile esetshenziswa oludakayo izixazululo, isixazululo "Lugol". Amabhulokhi aqukethe nangemuva-operative isinqandakuvunda. Sula izilonda ezincane kubo is hhayi Kunconywa ngoba uthuthukisa nezibazi. Izinzuzo main - Umsebenzi okusezingeni eliphezulu imithi elwa nawo. Nge ukuvezwa kwesikhathi eside eziyisisekelo obulala amagciwane, kuhlanganise nezinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinhlamvu of nezilwanyana ezincane.

Kusho "Miramistin"

Lesi sizukulwane esisha izidakamizwa. Nomuthi "Miramistin" - kuyinto isinqandakuvunda, okuyinto esetshenziswa ekwelashweni (noma zokuvimbela), izifo fungal, nemvelo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye ezibangelwa amagciwane. ukukhiqizwa Russian. Ukuze ekwelapheni ezithathelwanayo (umkhuhlane) izifo eziningana bavame ukutusa lokhu isinqandakuvunda. Uphenyo ke ingxenye enkulu omuhle kakhulu. Umuthi iyasebenza ngokumelene ezibanzi zilokazane ezidala ukuvuvukala suppuration amanxeba, umphimbo obuhlungu, izifo fungal, chlamydia, herpes kanye nabanye. Ejenti asebenzayo "Miramistin" kusukela indawo ye lokuhlushwa lwegciwane kuncike.

SDA

Eyesibili igama - isinqandakuvunda, ivuselela. It uzwakalise izakhiwo elwa namagciwane futhi zishukumise. Kuyasiza ukuthuthukisa ithoni jikelele, kunciphisa ubuthi. Active ngokumelene Staphylococcus, tubercle imbewu eletha nabanye. It has a nephunga kunalokho ezingemnandi okubabayo, ngoba kaningi isetshenziselwe izinjongo wezilwane.

phenol

Ngo isixazululo esetshenziselwa ukwelapha isandla udokotela ngokushesha ngaphambi nje kokuba ahlinzwe. Kunconywa ukususa ingaphakathi emphinjeni. phenol powder wafafaza inkaba ngesikhathi ukuphulukiswa. It has zombili umphumela isinqandakuvunda kanye analgesic.

Antiseptics ingumuthi

Ifuna ukuthotshelwa embonini yezokudla. Ngokuvamile, lokhu antiseptics, nezivimbelakuvunda, ngokuvamile i-acid (isib acetic acid, zonke ezaziwayo). Kuyinto ngiyabonga kubo ukuthi kukhona kungenzeka isikhathi eside ukugcina nokudla okusemathinini. ukusetshenziswa kakhulu asebenzayo of antiseptics ekwakheni. Basuke ukungezwa iningi upende. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka iwukudambisa microflora saprophytic. Izinkuni uyakulondoloza - iyisikhali esinamandla ngokumelene okwesibhakabhaka, isikhunta, bola kanye umlilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it kwandisa ukuphila eshalofini lomuthi asanda lithi wanqunywa.

Ikakhulukazi ziphoqa elicwebezelayo antiseptics. Kuyini lokhu? Ngakho shayela izidakamizwa, okuvumela ukuba alondoloze ukuthungwa ukhuni ngesikhathi esifanayo ugcizelela ubuhle bayo. isinqandakuvunda ayevumela kunciphisa mathonya alimazayo umswakama, imisebe ultraviolet, okushisa, siyasebenza ngokumelene izinambuzane. Antiseptics esetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Basuke ukungezwa insipho ababewenza ngayo igumbi.