Amarabi immunoglobulin: umakhi imfundo

Isintu sihlala embulungeni komakhelwane nge izinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo, kuhlanganise encanyana. Okokuqala, kuba amagciwane namagciwane. Kuyindida kodwa la magciwane encane zinomthelela omkhulu phezu kwabantu.

Kafushane mayelana amarabi

Phakathi ukhona lawo izinhlobo zabantu ezahlukaniselwa ishintshile izinto eziningi: sezulu, landscape, ukwakheka womphakathi, izimpumelelo kwezesayensi, ubuchwepheshe kanye imithi. Kuyinto sibonga abantu zokugcina ayisekho ngingofayo kusukela ubhubhane lwe ubhadane lwezifo, ezazisabalele namakhulu ambalwa eminyaka ngemva nje edlule. Kodwa zikhona eziningi izifo, ngenkani engelapheki, naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo yabo. Phakathi kwabo ivelele ngamarabi.

Lesi sifo waziwa isikhathi eside kakhulu. Washintsha eziningi amagama, kodwa isifo esibi ayizange ithuthuke - ke obulalayo. Ibangelwa igciwane amarabi (zamarabi), okuyinto athwale kwezilwane ezinegciwane. I ngamathe ukuthi uthola esilondeni bite ligcwele isakhi viral, kanti uma kungenjalo ngokushesha kule siteshi eziphuthumayo, lesi sifo maduze uyohlala endlini isigaba asebenzayo.

Igama lesi sifo singumbulali ingxenye elithi "develi" - ukuthi ukucabanga esilawulayo lomuntu ogulayo eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Izimpawu zenzeka ngosuku lweshumi. Ngezinye izikhathi, le nkathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni ihlala kufika ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, futhi ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu ibalwa eminyakeni. Ingqikithi yalo isifo simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: igciwane kuthinta asebuchosheni nomgogodla, okubangela ukukhanya angakwazi aerophobia, ukuhhema, ukukhubazeka kanye nezinye izifo ezinzima. Ngamanye amazwi, umuntu akakwazi ukuba baphuze noma ukuphuza amanzi at the emehlweni lapho isiguli ingena Ukudlikizela kanye nesineke zenzeka okungazelelwe kwemisipha izinhlungu zibe ngesikhathi ukunyakaza kancane emoyeni. Ukufa kwenzeka ngenxa ukukhubazeka kwemisipha yokuphefumula futhi imisipha yenhliziyo.

Izindlela ezimbili ukuvikela

Njengoba lesi sifo libhekene i th ebulalayo esiyingozi ngokwedlulele futhi cishe ngo-100%, ukuthola izindlela zokwelapha noma ekuvimbeleni abantu baye bazama phakathi namakhulu eminyaka. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-nesishiyagalolunye, le samagciwane abadumile ULouis Pasteur ngu ucwaningo eziningi laboratory ezilwaneni yasungulwa nemijovo wasiza ukumisa ebulalayo amarabi uhambo emhlabeni wonke.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ososayensi bathole enye indlela ukusiza ukuvimbela isifo phambi lapho kuqala izimpawu. It Amarabi immunoglobulin. Okwamanje okuthiwa izidakamizwa - isithiyo kuphela ngendlela zamarabi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi wokugoma amarabi akuyona okudiliza igciwane, kanye izidakamizwa yesibili. Isimiso wokusebenza kusekelwe izindlela ezahlukene.

Izici zamarabi amalungiselelo

Ngakho, yini umehluko phakathi kwalezi nemithi ayisisekelo?

wokugoma Action amarabi kusekelwe isikimu elandelayo. Ngemva nokuphathwa viral antigen umzimba uthola umuthi. Kuyinto uhlobo Analogue we neutralized igciwane bukhoma equkethe lonke ulwazi olufanele mayelana nakho. Kudingeka ukuthi amasosha omzimba ngesikhathi esithile (cishe 2 amaviki) ukukhiqiza ezanele izindlela ukuvikelwa umzimba. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa kumiswa amaprotheni ethize - amasosha omzimba. Lezi izinto konke egcinwe ngokuphathelene antigen ka wathi igciwane, futhi nabo ejenti ezonakalisayo emzimbeni ngokushesha kubuqede. Ngokwalesi simiso usebenza yokugoma kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, elakhiwe amasosha omzimba asebenzayo. Ngenxa yalesi futhi wasebenzisa umuthi wokugoma ngamarabi.

Amarabi immunoglobulin izenzo ehlukile kancane. Ngalo, umzimba angawi antigen viral sabafileyo omzimba abanikelayo. Iqiniso liwukuthi uma nje amasosha omzimba asebenzayo ikhiqizwa, umzimba ngokuphelele ukuzivikela ayehlasela amagciwane ayingozi. Ngakho-ke, isiguli iqondiswa amarabi immunoglobulin - isilungiselela okusekelwe eBhayibhelini ngokuphathelene negazi yabantu noma yezilwane (kuvamise amahhashi). Ngakho, emzimbeni uthola inombolo enkulu amasosha omzimba futhi antigen (nomuthi yabo iqukethe) ukuze kube nokuvikeleka yekwentiwa. Ngokuyinhloko, izidakamizwa esetshenziswa ekwakheni elihlangene yokugoma izinga.

Umehluko phakathi izidakamizwa kuchazwa ukuthi umuthi wokugoma ihlinzeka amasosha omzimba sizinze kakhulu nehlala njalo, kodwa ngemva kwesikhashana, ngenkathi usebenzisa immunoglobulin kukhicite Ukuvikelwa ngokushesha, kodwa lezivakashi umzimba ngokumelene igciwane.

Amarabi immunoglobulin: Izinhlobo

Kuye umsuka amasosha omzimba, ukulungiswa wehlukaniswa iziqephu ezimbili izinhlobo:

• Heterologous.
• Homology.

Uhlobo lokuqala ubizwa ngokuthi "amarabi immunoglobulin kusukela igazi serum of amahhashi." Esesibili - umuthi okusekelwe eBhayibhelini ngokuphathelene negazi lomuntu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukwandisa isibalo masosha omzimba egazini we izinto eziphilayo azithathe ethathwe umuntu ngaphambilini zigonywe nge wokugoma ngamarabi. Lolu hlobo izidakamizwa kubhekwa ngendlela ephumelela kakhudlwana futhi ephephile kuka sikhungo isilwane. Umthamo kwezinhlobo homologous, adingekayo yokugoma nengxenye.

Bhalisiwe amagama amane ukulungiselela ezifana amarabi immunoglobulin. Umkhiqizi e izindlela ezingaphezu kweyodwa, ekhiqizwa eRussia ezimbili izidakamizwa ( "Biopharma" FGBU "ARRIAH"), abanye - in China (FC "Sichuan Juanda Shuyan"), Israyeli ( "Kamada Ltd.") Futhi-Ukraine ( "Biolek "). Banikezwe ikakhulukazi isifo ingozi futhi ngokucacile ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezinjalo, ekusetshenzisweni kwazo wenziwa ngqo - Pharmacy ezibhedlela.

"Rebinolin" - amarabi immunoglobulin

Uhlobo lokuqala izidakamizwa kusekelwe biomaterial womuntu. It ibekwe njengoba ososayensi ephumelela kakhudlwana. Ngo kokuhlola impahla yayo nokusebenzisa ezicashile kudingekile ukuba banake la maphuzu alandelayo:

• Ifomu umthamo. Amarabi Immunoglobulin (umsebenzisi libonisa ngokucacile leli qiniso) kuyinto into esobala noma kancane aphuzi oqukethe kwenze okuncane. Lokhu ukulungiselela ine uhlobo isixazululo kwezokuphatha intramuscularly noma phansi kwesikhumba.
• Imiphumela emzimbeni. Hhayi ngemva kokuphathwa izinsuku ezingaphansi kwezintathu ikhulisa lokuhlushwa omzimba sibhekiswe ukubhujiswa igciwane ngamarabi. Kususiwe umzimba, lezi amaprotheni phakathi nenyanga.
• Izinkomba. Inikezwe ngu- ukuthintana nezilwane elinegciwane, okuyinto eqala Ukulunywa futhi ingress ngamathe esikhumbeni ethintekile. Ukunqunywa umuthi inhlanganisela ezinamarabi wokugomela mutual ukuqinisa ukusebenza.
• imiphumela engathandeki. Njengoba umzimba uthola ejenti angaphandle, ukusabela kungaba zazinzima kakhulu. Ngaphezu ububomvu, ukuvuvukala nokushisa komzimba okukhulu (ngezinye izikhathi kuphela waphawula subfebrilitet) eqoshiwe amacala ukusabela okungazelelwe: angioedema, urticaria noma ukushaqeka anaphylactic. Futhi waqokomisa ukuhlanza yesikhashana, futhi hypotension.
• Ukuxoxa neminye imithi. Akuhambisani yokugoma equkethe bukhoma igciwane isiko. It is uvunyelwe ukusebenzisa ngokuhlanganyela antibiotic serum anti-ngqi.
• imiyalelo Special. Phakathi nokukhulelwa kanye lactation, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kungenzeka, njengoba ucwaningo olwathatha isikhathi ngomzimba womuntu immunoglobulin, ayisiza senzo sisikisela ukuthi imiphumela emibi embungwini futhi lo mama imithi ngeke.

Amarabi immunoglobulin kusukela serum womuntu - indlela ephumelelayo for the nokuvinjelwa ngamarabi. Kufanele agxile eqinisweni lokuthi Izimo yalesi izidakamizwa alikho, njengoba eqokwe ngokwemigomo yesigaba nenqubo ebalulekile. Futhi ngokushesha baphendukela isisulu usizo, esitebeleni more uyoba yini umphumela.

Nokushintsha kokudla nokufakwa umuthi

Ngaphambi ukusebenzisa immunoglobulin amarabi, imfundo manual kusho algorithm ezilandelayo:

• ukuwasha Obuphelele yamanxeba ngamanzi agobhozayo, insipho kanye isinqandakuvunda.
• Ngaphambi ukwethulwa isitsha izidakamizwa hlola ubuqotho, ukubukeka eshalofini yokuphila zomuthi.
• Amarabi Immunoglobulin (homology) siqala ngala Isikali enikeziwe: 20 IU ngayinye amakhilogramu esisindo.
• Kungcono uma cishe lonke umthamo iqondiswa ngqo isilonda noma enyameni ezungezile ethintekile. Ngezinye nakwenzeka isinyathelo yaphelela eyenziwa ujove esicutshini.
• Izingane izidakamizwa iqondiswa ethangeni, omdala - ku buttock.

Ithuluzi ngokuthi "Rebinolin" umsuka Israeli. Shelf-ukuphila izidakamizwa, kuncike kwimibandela isitoreji - iminyaka 2. immunoglobulin Freeze akuvunyelwe nakancane. isitoreji lokushisa Allowable - kusukela ⁰S 2 kuya kwezingu-8.

Indlela eqotho

Njengomthetho, yiluphi uhlobo immunoglobulin iqondiswa nge umjovo anti-ngamarabi. Kule ndaba, kukhona amaphuzu ambalwa kufanele nakanjani sinake:

• Isingeniso amarabi immunoglobulin olwenziwa ngokuqinile ngaphambi isicelo komjovo (phakathi amalungiselelo aphambane - 30 amaminithi).
• Ukuze usebenzise amathuluzi ukuze ukhethe ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba, okuyizinto ngangokunokwenzeka kusuka komunye nomunye. Ngokwesibonelo, immunoglobulin - ku buttock ngakwesokunxele, kanye wokugoma - e imisipha deltoid ngakwesokudla.
• Imijovo izidakamizwa kufanele ibe khona ehlukile.
• imithi i-intravenous akuyona iqondiswa.
• Khulisa Isikali zamarabi immunoglobulin is hhayi Kunconywa.

Umuthi kusekelwe izinto eziphilayo azithathe isilwane

"Amarabi immunoglobulin kusukela ihhashi serum" ubizwa ifomu heterologous (liquid). Kuthathwa kancane kancane ephephile ngenxa yokuthi amaprotheni ethize abaqukethwe, kungabangela ukusabela ezingalindelekile umzimba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, esekelwe biomaterial womuntu, kuqhathaniswa ethule ibekezelelwe. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa immunoglobulin heterologous compulsorily ukuchitha test intradermal ku ibhodi lemisindo. Uma emva kwemizuzu 20 kwakungekho edema sina noma ububomvu ke buhlanjululwe iqondiswa immunoglobulin (1: 100 isixazululo) phansi kwesikhumba. Kwaba ngemva kwehora uma isampula alivumi namanje, usebenzisa esele izidakamizwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, hhayi ngqo, kodwa uhlelo ezilandelayo: amarabi immunoglobulin ingxenye evuthayo umthamo iqondiswa endaweni isilonda ngemva kwemizuzu engu-15 ingxenye okwengeziwe busuka izicubu emhlabeni isilonda. Uma izici yokwakheka bite ayikuvumeli ukuba usebenzise yonke isitsha endaweni ethintekile, lonke isetshenziselwa ujove esicutshini. Inqubo ephelele kuthatha cishe ihora.

Uma esetshenziselwa yokugoma heterologous amarabi immunoglobulin imfundo uthi khona amasampula omuhle phambi izidakamizwa ekuphathweni linqume antihistamine futhi zisetshenziswa ukugwema ukushaqeka epinephrine isixazululo.

Omunye umehluko lolu hlobo kusukela odlule - lokhu umthamo. Kusho ngesisekelo ihhashi serum isetshenziswa ukwanda ekabili umthamo (40 IU ngayinye esisindo amakhilogramu).

wokugoma amarabi

Kuleli qophelo embhalweni endaweni Russian Federation kubhaliswe 5 imithi production ezifuywayo no one - Indian. Umgomo owenziwe in vials esobala ephelele ngamanzi distilled futhi iqukethe inactivated amarabi igciwane. Ngemva Reconstitution, kubukeka sengathi i-pink noma uketshezi kungekho nto enemibala emihle. zikhona umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama ebalulekile lapho usebenzisa ithuluzi:

• Ngokwethulwa ukuhambisana saziso nge imitsetfo ledzingekile antiseptics futhi igumbi yokugoma kumele ifakwe protivosokovmi nemithi ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo. Ngemva dilution kuvunyelwe ukugcina umjovo amarabi akuyona imizuzu engaphezu kuka-5.
• Isigamu sehora ngemva immunoglobulin homologous kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa imithi yokugoma yethulwa.
• Umuthi iqondiswa endaweni ethangeni (izingane kuze iminyaka 5) noma imisipha deltoid ka kwebhande ehlombe. Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa e ezinqeni akuvunyelwe nakancane.
• Isiguli kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwabasebenzi bezokwelapha okungenani ihora ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

Nazi izinhlobo yokugoma

Zimbili izinhlobo yokugoma: nokwelashwa kanye nokuvinjelwa. Okokuqala eziwasebenzisayo uma umuntu eba nobuhlobo imisebenzi yingozi lapho ingozi eliphezulu zamarabi. It abazingeli, huntsmen, abasebenzi laboratories bacteriological, odokotela bezilwane. Uhlobo lwesibili sisetshenziswa ngqo ngemva kokuthintana izilwane ezigulayo. Bobabili ezahlukeneyo ezithile algorithm kuqalisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho izifunda kukhona komunye umahluko okhona phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo. Esimweni sokuqala kungaba contraindication isifo esingelapheki esigabeni oyingozi noma ekhulelwe, ukugoma yesibili Kwenziwa obalulekile uhlobo izinkomba.

lokugoma isikimu

Ezivamile yokugoma isikimu simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

1. Uma oxhumana naye imvelo kuhilela non-sina Izilonda - imihuzuko, ukulunywa ezincane, imihuzuko, noma ikhotha kanye nezilwane, kanye nazo zonke lezi nilimaza ebhuthini nasemilenzeni, umuntu zigonywe ngokushesha ngemva kokucubungula umonakalo. A umthamo owodwa we-wokugoma amarabi 1 ml. Ukugoma wenziwa contact lapho, futhi eminye, 3, 7, 14, 30 futhi 90 ngosuku. Isikimu kungashintshwa, uma isilwane ngaphansi observation, hhayi dlulisa akazange embule igciwane ngamarabi. Kulokhu, kungagcini urhulumende wokugoma kathathu.
2. Noma yimuphi yokulimala ekhanda, emqaleni nasemhlane, izandla, izitho zangasese, nokwephuka iminwe, nezilwane inflicted, kanye umonakalo noma ikhotha noma etholwe ezilwaneni zasendle, amagundane namalulwame, zidinga izinyathelo ngokushesha esibanzi. Ngosuku contact ngaphambi kokwenziwa zamarabi wokugoma esetshenziswa ngibopha immunoglobulin umjovo, kwenziwe ngokuvumelana nemithetho ngenhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugoma Kwenziwa inqubo ejwayelekile.

Ngenxa yezizathu zempilo

Lokhu ibinzana ngokuvamile lizwakale kwehhovisi likadokotela noma endaweni okuhlala kuwo iziguli, ejwayele ngakho kukho konke. Kodwa ngeshwa, abantu ngezinye izikhathi bayalibala ukuthi esibalulekile ukuphila komuntu. Nsuku zonke ukubona ukumamatheka komntwana wakhe, lokuzwa izwi kamama tube, ubukele indiza wezinyoni - konke abavamile ngakho, ukuthi into ethathwa kalula. Kwaba lapho indlu ongqongqozayo enkingeni, abantu bacabanga kuphela. Zinakekele futhi obathandayo, futhi esimweni ingozi engaba alibale ekufuneni usizo.