Amafomu kanye nezinhlobo LED: ngezigaba, izici, injongo

LED ayabaluleka izixazululo kuthandwa, futhi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Zingase kumelwe bancenge njengabakhulumeli umhlobiso noma ngenjongo yokukhanyisa izindawo, kanye ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ngaphandle kwezakhiwo. LED ezibekwe phezu emakethe etinhlotjeni letibanti sasivumela ebanzi kokushintshwa. I Onjiniyela imikhiqizo abafanele njalo ukunikela izixazululo ezintsha ezingase uyakwazi ukwakha niches entsha emakethe. Yiziphi izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu LED namuhla? Ukuze lokho ngezinhloso angasetshenziswa?

Yiziphi LED?

Ngaphambi kokucabangela le izinhlobo ezivamile LED, ukuhlola ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana amadivayisi abafanele. I-LED kuyinto Semiconductor okuyinto olukwazi ukushintsha zamanje kagesi ekukhanyeni. Kulokhu chip Semiconductor, okuyinto ingxenye yayo esemqoka yakhiwa izingqimba eziningana, libhekene izinhlobo ezimbili conductivity. Okungukuthi - emgodini futhi electron.

I conductivity yohlobo sokuqala sihilela ukudluliswa electron kusukela athomu elilodwa kuya kwenye, ngoba lapho kukhona isikhala khulula. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, i-athomu sokuqala komunye electron ku sangaphambilini - .. elilodwa nje, njll Le ndlela yokwenza izenzo by covalent isibopho phakathi kwama-athomu. Ngakho ukunyakaza kwabo ingekho. Eqinisweni, it is ezihamba icala omuhle, okuyinto evamile anjengokuthi physics imbobo. Ngakho lapho imbobo electron kwenzeka ekushayweni ukukhanya.

Uma sibheka ukwakheka kwazo bayo, LED wonke afana diode rectifier. Okungukuthi, it has 2 okukhipha - i anode futhi cathode. Lesi sici kwenza kube polarity ezidingekayo uma oxhumanisa LED ukuze kagesi amandla umthombo.

Kubalwa izinto elihambisana esimweni jikelele, lamanje phambili 20 ma. Ngomqondo onabile, lesi silinganiso zingancishiswa futhi, nakuba kuleli cala, ungakwazi ukushintsha umbala ukukhanya LED phansi. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, undesirably ukwandisa ipharamitha okuhambisanayo. Uma yamanje lidlula inani elikhulu, ukuze kuncishiswe kuleveli oyifunayo, osebenza nokukhawulela Resistor.

Kukhona impela eningi umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama ukuthi kufanele sihlale siyikhumbula lapho kokufaka LED. Lokhu predetermined isakhiwo sabo sangaphakathi, ifomu kuqalisa. Kwezinye izimo, kungase kudingeke ukuba usebenzise isimame ngoba LED nezinye zikagesi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza zedivayisi, okuyinto efakwe kule umkhiqizo mbuzo.

Kuye ukubunjwa Semiconductors e yena LED ezinye zingase zibe bomvu, ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani, noma okwesibhakabhaka. Ngokwesibonelo, uma isakhiwo elihambisana ingxenye electronic iqukethe nitride gallium, LED ngeke kukhanye ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Empeleni, omunye nenqubo ngesisekelo okuyinto ivelele labo noma ezinye izinhlobo diodes ukukhanya-likhipha, kungaba kube nombala wako.

isicelo

I diodes kuqala ukukhanya-likhipha ibekwe emakethe, akhiqizwa metal housings. Kancane kancane ke waqala esikhundleni plastic. Kulokhu, umbala ngokuvamile akhethwa ngokusekelwe umbala kukhanya LED. Nokho, ngokuvamile i-kukhona okusobala plastic izindlu.

zobuchwepheshe Ehlanganisiwe kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi cishe zonke izinhlobo LED zinezikhathi:

- kukagesi;

- ukuphila isikhathi eside;

- ukunquma umbala ukukhanya futhi ulungise amandla ako;

- nokuvikeleka;

- Imvelo abanobungane.

Uma sikhuluma kuhle kwegezi, LED for okukhiphayo efanayo ukukhanya ungaba namandla ngokuphawulekayo esingaphansi izibani ezivamile. LED amandla kancane ngesikhathi esifanayo kunciphisa umthwalo jikelele ku uhlelo lukagesi isakhiwo. Sonke isikhathi sokusebenza kwedivayisi kungaba amashumi amaningana of izikhathi ephakeme kunaleyo ephawula ama evamile. Kulokhu, ngokuya izici LED can ngokuphelele hhayi eliphansi kuya nabo.

Njengoba kumiswa funa mass imikhiqizo enjalo, kanye ukwehlisa izindleko, LED ngokuya osetshenziselwa izinjongo ezifana izibani ezivamile. Izinkinga e ukufakwa izinqumo ezifanele uma ziqhathaniswa bendabuko ukukhanyisa zalapho musa kuphakama. Kubalulekile kuphela ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi LED ethile kufanelekile ukufakwa e igridi isikhala. Lokhu kungadinga kusengaphambili - ngaphambi kokuthenga LED - ukuhlonza imingcele yayo eziyisisekelo.

Iziphi ezinye izinzuzo angabhekwa isixazululo?

Ngakho, kungashiwo kuqashelwe ukuthi izinga lokushisa umbala LED kungaba cishe noma yikuphi - kuhlanganise inhlanganisela imibala ngenhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idivayisi kungenziwa kulekelelwa izihlungi ahlukahlukene, ezingasetshenziswa kakhulu ukwandisa kwenkululeko isicelo ka LED ngokuya ukukhethwa umbala lokushisa oyifunayo.

Kungenzeka ukulawula amandla ukukhanya - omunye inzuzo amadivaysi kubhekwe. Lolu khetho is kuhlangene okusezingeni eliphezulu kuhle kwegezi yabo. Amandla LED zingalawulwa ngokuzenzakalela - esekelwe kunikeze umbono wezimo ezingokoqobo ukusetshenziswa ukukhanyisa zalapho. Futhi akuphazamisi ukuphila service.

LED kukhona imvelo, njengoba akusho bungakhiphi yingozi amafomu womuntu yokukhishwa kwemisebe. Lesi sici, futhi, yelula izicelo amadivaysi ngenhla.

Ukwahlukanisa: inkomba kanye ukukhanyisa izixazululo

Ochwepheshe ukukhomba izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-LED - Inkomba nokuthi kuwe kutholakele ukukhanyiselwa. Eyokuqala ngokuyinhloko kuhloswe ukwakha zokuhlobisa ukukhanyisa umphumela futhi lisetshenziswa njengendlela isici umhlobiso isakhiwo, igumbi, imoto. Noma njengoba ithuluzi isitayela sombhalo - ezifana isikhangiso banner.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, kukhona LED ukukhanyisa. Ziklanyelwe ukwandisa ukugqama egumbini noma endaweni ethile yezwe - isibonelo, uma sicabanga LED izimoto. Uhlobo esifanele izixazululo esikhundleni ukusetshenziswa ama ezivamile, futhi ezimweni eziningi ziba ngconywana ngokuya kwegezi nobungane kwemvelo.

izinhlobo ukukhishwa

Kodwa emuva Ukwahlukaniswa kwamadamu LED. Ungakwazi ichaze anhlobonhlobo izizathu ukufakwa kwabo kwelinye noma esinye isigaba. Welulele phakathi ochwepheshe ndlela ibandakanya ukwabiwa lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo eyinhloko LED:

- I-DIP;

- Spider LED;

- SMD;

- COB;

- fibre;

- intambo.

Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe.

Uyini ngokucacile we-DIP-LED?

Uma ukukufunda ngokuningiliziwe indlela lapho lezi zinhlobo LED bavele emakethe, lo-DIP sedivayisi akunakubangelwa ngowokuqala, yona eyaqala ukwenza i ithengiswe inqwaba. Lezi zixazululo kukhona amakristalu lungaphansi ezivalekile nge izingxenye optical, ikakhulukazi lens, okuthela ugongolo ukukhanya.

Kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi le isigaba diodes ukukhanya-likhipha, naphezu yokudlanga jikelele, kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa zobuchwepheshe sithombe. Ngokuvamile lezi zixazululo asetshenziswa njengoba izingxenye esikhanyayo ukukhangisa, amakhasethi, okuvelele, imihlobiso.

DIP LED basonta isigaba inkomba. Sinenkosi elinye igama - Dil. Basuke efakwe ebhodini lapho udinga ukufaka ama-Punch. Kungaphawulwa ukuthi kohlaka kulesi sigaba kungenziwa abelwe izinhlobo ezahlukene LED, okuyizinto ezahlukene ububanzi isibani, umbala, impahla ukwakhiwa. Kulokhu nemingcele ezifanele kungaba amelwe anhlobonhlobo. Ukuma ngesinqumo kubhekwa - cylindrical. Phakathi LED abafanele babe kokubili ezinombala ofanayo futhi idivayisi multi-umbala.

spider LED

Lolu hlobo diodes ukukhanya-likhipha sisonke kuyafana amadivayisi odlule. Kodwa babe iziphetho kabili njengoba ningi - 4. Nakuba LED DIP - 2. Iqiniso lokuthi uhlobo okufakiwe izixazululo has okukhipha ngaphezulu, lithuthukise ukushabalalisa ukushisa futhi kuthuthukisa nokwethenjelwa yezingxenye abafanele. Ekusebenteni, bajwayele emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi njengoba LED izimoto.

LED uthayiphe SMD

Lezi zixazululo akhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa umqondo ebusweni-entabeni. Okusho ukuthi kukhona diodes ukukhanya-likhipha efakwe iyiphi indawo, kuyilapho ezinye izixazululo ingafakwa ngokusebenzisa ngokusebenzisa imbobo obandayo.

Ubukhulu we LED yalolu hlobo ingase ibe kakhulu kunalawo izixazululo ehlukile kubo, kanye izakhiwo lapho efakiwe. Nalapha futhi, kulokhu esisemthethweni ukukhuluma mayelana elilungile ngaphezulu ukushabalalisa ukushisa. Ukusetshenziswa uhlobo LED SMD ezimweni eziningi ukunweba kokuhlukana ukusebenza ukukhanyisa imiklamo.

SMD-LED kukhona izibani isigaba. Elinesimo isakhiwo kunalokho xaka. Ngakho, i-LED yakhiwe substrate metal. Kuyinto crystal esinqunyiwe okuyinto soldered ngqo oxhumana substrate izindlu. Lens engaphezulu crystal. Ngakho substrate olulodwa ingafakwa 1-3 LED. Ukuze SMD kukhona izinhlobo ezivamile ephezulu ukukhanya LED, ezifana 3528. Lezi zixazululo abe ezingeni eliphezulu isidingo.

LED uhlobo COB

Ngakusasa uhlobo ethandwa LED - COB. Wenziwe nge ubuchwepheshe okubandakanya ukufakwa crystal ngqo ebhodini. Le isixazululo libhekene inqwaba izinzuzo:

- Ukuvikelwa zezakhi ngokumelene namachibi;

- Ubukhulu encane ukwakhiwa;

- nekusebenta echibini ukushisa;

- ukunciphisa izindleko ukufakwa LED - ngokuziqhathanisa, ikakhulukazi SMD uhlobo amadivaysi.

Uma sicabangela izinhlobo ezibalwe ngenhla ye LED, kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi izixazululo COB brand akunakubangelwa innovative kakhulu. Ngokokuqala ngqá lobu buchwepheshe seyenziwe onjiniyela Japanese ngasekupheleni kowezi-2000. Manje lezo zinhlobo LED uqhubeke ukuthandwa.

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, kubhekwe izinqumo luyakwazi babe ethandwa kakhulu emakethe, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ingxenye commercial yensimu ukukhanyisa yasekhaya. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kukhona izindawo lapho ukusetshenziswa COB LED kungaba nzima. Phakathi kwalabo - ukukhiqizwa professional ukukhanyisa imishini. Iqiniso lokuthi LED ezibhekwa engeyinhle kakhulu kusukela umbono we lithathelwe inhlangano ukukhanyisa ukuze usethe ukukhanya umfutho ijika. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kungase kube ekahle SMD uhlobo idivayisi.

diodes Kuchazwe kukhona izibani. Njengoba izazi, kubonakala kangcono, esekelwe izici ekucucuzeni elikhanyayo. Kubekwe emakethe ngemibala ehlukene, njenge obomvu, oluhlaza, blue, nomhlophe. Yokucucuza elikhanyayo yalezi onobuhle has ukuhlakazwa engela 40-120 degrees.

Ngesinye substrate kungase ukukhwezwa phezu 9 COB uhlobo LED. Basuke imbozwe phosphor, kanjalo uzuza ukukhanya okuphezulu. Kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi yokucucuza ukukhanya kusukela idatha ngenhla izixazululo kuka SMD uhlobo amadivaysi. Ngakho, uma sicabangela ukuthi uhlobo olunjani LED kungcono ke nenqubo ebekiwe ungaba inzuzo isixazululo COB-class.

COB uhlobo LED zisetshenziselwa embonini yezimoto. Zingasetshenziswa njengoba ingxenye phambili izibani ezingemuva, amasignali ithuba. Into esemqoka - ukufaka idivayisi kahle kuluthola. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kunengqondo ukuba baphendukele ochwepheshe obhekana nazo.

fibre LED

Ukuze ufake ezintsha fibre LED. Bavele emakethe muva nje, ngo-2015. izixazululo athuthukisiwe babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli onjiniyela kusuka South Korea.

Sebenzisa lezi zinhlobo LED kungaba emsebenzini wokukhiqiza izingubo. Lokho, umuntu enengqondo thunga ihembe noma isikibha ezingaba siyakhazimula. Izingubo womshini LED fibre ezisekelwe futhi ecabanga ukusetshenziswa polymers ahlukahlukene kanye ne-aluminium compounds.

LED intambo

Esinye isibonelo LED ezintsha - intambo uhlobo izixazululo. inzuzo yabo eyinhloko - okusezingeni eliphezulu ekusetjentisweni kwemandla ngalokuyimphumelelo. Ukuze amandla afanayo, isibonelo, LED ezifana COB, intambo uhlobo izixazululo ungahlinzekela ezingeni ukukhanya ephakeme.

Okubukwe umkhiqizo emisha is avame ukusetshenziswa womshini ama-globe kagesi. Phakathi izici esiphawulekayo LED abafanele ukukhiqizwa - ukuqaliswa obandayo ngqo substrate ezenziwe ngengilazi. Le ndlela yenza kube lula ukusabalalisa ukukhanya wukukhanya LED 360.

Indlela ukhethe best?

Indlela ukucacisa uhlobo LED okungukuthi eliphezulu umklamo ethile? Kunezindlela eziningana ngemibandela okungase guided kule ndaba. Ngomqondo onabile, kusemthethweni ukuchaza kwenkululeko LED esekelwe ngezigaba zayo ngesizathu esikuhlolile ngenhla. Sifundela ukukhethwa ethize yezingxenye ezifanele electronic ukuvumela amadivayisi:

- I-DIP;

- SMD;

- COB.

Kukhethwa LED: Dip uhlobo oluthile isixazululo

Njengoba siphawulile ezingenhla, DIP-LED kukhona phakathi imikhiqizo okuqala hit emakethe. Ngakho, ahileleka abasakwazi ubudala, kodwa ubuchwepheshe ethandwa namanje. Izinzuzo zabo eziyinhloko - lula ukufaka, kulula ukuma, low power ukusetshenziswa, ukushisa low, futhi degree ngokwanele eliphezulu of ukuvikelwa emathonyeni angaphandle.

Ngokuvamile LED Okubukwe ayatholakala ububanzi 3 mm 5 mm. Uma ekuqhathaniseni izinhlobo LED, kungenzeka ukuba baphethe ngokuthi izixazululo icatshangelwe ithi eliphezulu isicelo:

- njengoba yezinhlobo emotweni Tuning;

- njengoba izingxenye zokuhlobisa;

- njengengxenye ephansi amandla - njengenye indlela ngokurhaba - izibani.

LED kubhekwe abe izindleko iphansana nokutholakala emakethe. Kungaphawulwa ukuthi phakathi ukushintshwa njalo nazo kakhulu - LED ku 12 volts. Zingaba khona kuzinkomba ahlukahlukene inthanethi, kanye okukhethekile ezitolo eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Empeleni, zonke LED ku 12 volts libhekene funa kunalokho okusezingeni eliphezulu emakethe.

Kukhethwa LED: SMD izici izinqumo ezinjalo

Uhlobo olufanele izisombululo ngokubukeka zihluke nabanye ukuthi has simise flat. Ukukhweza idatha ye zikagesi Kwenziwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imilenze. Yamanje ku SMD uhlobo LED lisetshenziswa ezikhumulweni okuyinto zitholakala nge side yabo emuva.

Ngakho, idatha kumadivayisi ukufakwa wenziwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa orifices. ukubekwa LED kungenziwa icwecwe kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho - kungancipha futhi ukwakhiwa lapho amadivayisi elihambisana zitholakala.

Izindlela eziyinhloko amadivayisi isicelo kubhekwa - okufanayo imoto ukuhleleka okuhle, izinhlobo ezahlukene izibani zangaphakathi. Phakathi Izinzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu yalezi zindlela - ukukhanya okuphezulu, kahle elikhanyayo. Lihambisana ubukhulu encane yalezi izixazululo kunezimo abalulekile phezu onobuhle okunye imikhiqizo.

Phakathi ethandwa kakhulu emakethe namuhla - LED uhlobo 3528. Le mikhiqizo kabanzi Ukukhishwa emapheshana LED. Umklamo imikhiqizo abafanele ivumela ukukhiqiza emithathu umbala LED - obomvu, oluhlaza, futhi oluhlaza luminescence imibala. nezinye izingxenye eziningi electronic akhiqizwa ngesisekelo uhlobo 3528 izixazululo, njenge-type LED SMD 5050.

imikhiqizo kubhekwe nazo libhekene ukuyikhokhela. Emakethe ngokuvamile in ezahlukahlukene.

Ukukhetha LED: COB uhlobo oluthile isixazululo

Okokuqala kuyafaneleka ukuthi omningi LED yohlobo ehambisana - umklamo onamandla kakhulu. Alandisa sici - ukuhlakazwa okusheshayo ukukhanya, ngokubeka phezu zinhlayiya, esihlinzeka ashukumisayo ukushabalalisa ukushisa.

LED kubhekwa - elikhanyayo kakhulu. Lokhu ebenza bathandwe hhayi nje ukusetshenziswa ekuklanyweni imoto izibani. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le mikhiqizo kufanele afakwe, ikhumbula eziningi umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama ebalulekile - ezifana ochwepheshe kuphela wazibonela nje longayicondza. ke Kuyancomeka ukuba uxhumane abanekhono service izisebenzi ukufaka izinqumo ezifanele.