INtaba iKilimanjaro. Afrika, Mount Kilimanjaro. Intaba ephakeme kunazo e-Afrika

Kilimanjaro intabamlilo - yezindawo edume kakhulu futhi ethandwa emhlabeni. Le ndawo eyingqayizivele ngenxa yezizathu eziningi: ubukhazikhazi ukubukeka ezintabeni, ukuhlukahluka sezulu, iqhwa izinguzunga zeqhwa. Kilimanjaro iyathandwa hhayi kuphela ngenxa yezivakashi. Ayemaningi ngokudubula movie adumile, imicimbi entabeni kwakheka isisekelo esiqintini izindaba edume.

Woza ku-Kilimanjaro kungaba ngokusebenzisa Kenya noma eTanzania. Lokhu isibili kumnandi - isihambi hhayi kuphela ukuhlangana intaba ephakeme, kodwa futhi ukuba bajwayelane isiko kanye yokuphila lalolo hlanga yalezi States. Ukuze abaseRussia, lolu hambo muhle ngoba ayidingi ukuthola i-visa kusenesikhathi (nakuba kukhona imali visa emngceleni). Nokho, Okusemthethweni - lutho uma kuqhathaniswa yokuthi abantu bazobona useshonile.

Ngokubabazekayo Mount Kilimanjaro

INtaba iKilimanjaro itholakala eMpumalanga Afrika. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, kuba intabamlilo ithule ezingaba, ngokuvumelana ezinye izazi zokuma komhlaba, ukuvusa. Kilimanjaro - intaba ephakeme e-Afrika. Ngesikhathi isiqongo iphuzu - 5.895 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle. Igama elithi "Kilimanjaro" ezivela olimini Afrika Swahili angahunyushwa ngokuthi "intaba glitters." Kukhona inguqulo ukuthi igama kungenxa yokuthi esiqongweni sentaba-mlilo kukhona iqhwa elimhlophe izinguzunga zeqhwa, kuyilapho emhlabeni umuntu angabona ukuthi isici imibala okuqinile tropical - Afrika ejwayelekile.

INtaba iKilimanjaro itholakala ku State of Tanzania, kodwa itholakala eduze komngcele zaseKenya. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi bazungeza azikho ezinye izintaba, akusiyo ingxenye uhlelo umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi le ntaba ikakhulukazi ezikhangayo izivakashi ukuza lapha ngezindlela eziningi ukuze zibabaza ngokubabazekayo Mount Kilimanjaro, ingemuva ekuphumeni emathafeni ezishisayo. Umlobi u-Ernest Hemingway ngokuthi intaba ebanzi njengoba izwe, omkhulu, okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi ezingakholeki mhlophe ilanga.

Yayinjani entabeni

Kilimanjaro, intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e-Afrika, ine yobudala abantu abangaba yizigidi ezimbili minyaka. Yasungulwa phakathi izinqubo wentaba-mlilo: evela ezweni lakwa-lava ugobhozela, ke osemanzi ke ayelapho izingqimba entsha lomunye kuqhuma. Ngo izinkathi ezahlukene womsebenzi eMhlabeni Ingaphakathi kwakhiwa iphakama ezakha Kilimanjaro: Kibo (central, esemncane kakhulu), Mawenzi (empumalanga) kanye Shira (Western, omdala). On Kibo intabamlilo sigodi 2.5 km. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiqongo - yodwa itholakala ngenhla eneqhwa entabeni ndawo. Kibo libukeka nice Isigaxa bushelelezi. Lona Isiqongo esiphakeme of Kilimanjaro entabeni ukuphakama lokhu phezulu ifinyelela ngenhla ezingeni kukhonjisiwe 5895 m kwemithambeka le ntaba-mlilo aqukethe inani elikhulu Izigaxa encane wentaba-mlilo (ubukhulu - kungakapheli ikhilomitha) .. Ngo wentaba Kibo waqhubeka emile amagesi ezintaba-mlilo.

Biota

Kilimanjaro, intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e-Afrika, kuyinto ezithakazelisayo sezulu bakhona. Lapho-Indian Ocean emoyeni uquqaba sondelani entabeni khaphi them kuze. Cloud kwakhiwa, okuvela kulo imvula noma iqhwa (uhlobo kwezulu kuncike ukuphakama ifu). Kilimanjaro has esishintshashintshayo eziningana zezulu, okuyinto kuhlala ezihlukahlukene zama-yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene.

On emithambekeni ephansi le ntaba-mlilo ukuba kukhule izitshalo. Lapho sengineminyaka engaba ngu-2 km esikhundleni emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo. Ngemva komunye isigamu sekhilomitha up yibona heather, ulele, utshani, okuvame ukuhlotshiswa ngayo izindawo alpine. Lapho iqhwa uqala ukuphila izilwane ezinkulu - Buffaloes, izingwe.

Mastering Kilimanjaro indoda

Abantu baqala ukujwayela le ntaba-mlilo manje edume ukubonwa ngekhulu XIX. Iqiniso lokuthi e-Afrika kukhona intabamlilo, indawo lapho Mount Kilimanjaro itholakala, utshele umhlaba 1848, umfundisi waseJalimane uJohannes Rebman. Ngo-1881, Bala Dima sesenyukele ku 2500 amamitha eliphezulu, ngonyaka - ngaleso 4200 metres, futhi ngo-1883 - at 5270 m in 1889, abacwaningi ababili abavela eYurophu, isiJalimane Hans Meyer kanye Austrian Ludwig Purtsheler, zafika okokuqala Kilimanjaro isiqongo .. Phezulu Mawenzi Nokho, sekuyisikhathi eside elinganqobeki. Kuphela ngo-1912 abaqwali European wakwazi ukubeka unyawo kuso.

imizila Popular ekhuphuka

Izivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke iphupho emhlabeni zokuvakashela Kilimanjaro. Intaba ephakeme kunazo e-Afrika Liyindawo ezikhangayo bezintaba, kokubili ochwepheshe kanye abathanda amateur of intaba ekhuphuka. Kukhona ethandwa imizila ekhuphuka eziningana, okulandelayo lapho, ungakwazi ukugibela Kilimanjaro. Ngamunye wabo okuthiwa iyafana futhi zitholakala ekuqaleni indlela indawo. Enye indlela ethandwa kakhulu iqala edolobhaneni Marangu. Ngokusho kweminye abaqwali futhi intaba, akunzima ukuze balukhulume, ngisho Wabasaqalayo. Yiqiniso, ngokuvumelana abahambi, kuba nomphumela reverse - emzileni kungenzeka inombolo enkulu kakhulu abantu kanyekanye. Umzila iqala edolobhaneni Masham, it is kabanzi uthathwa njengoba enhle kakhulu. Kodwa 'sasingacebile afanelekile ngabo bonke, kodwa kuphela labo bantu abangenawo umbono unezinkinga acclimatization entabeni sezulu.

Umzila nzima kakhulu kuqala Umbwe emzaneni. Kuyinto ofanele kuphela abanqobi zochwepheshe kungatshalwa eziqongweni zezintaba. Uma izivakashi unesithakazelo mountain ngebhayisikili, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuzama indlela oqala emzaneni Shira. Kubathandi Ukuncoma ubuhle imvelo indlela efanelekayo kokuqala edolobhaneni Rongai. Umzila, okuyinto yedlula endaweni lapho thukela abantu, lapho imvelo kwembulwe lisebukhazikhazini umnyuziki yayo iqala edolobhaneni Loytokitok.

Kilimanjaro-movie

Kilimanjaro intabamlilo, okuyinto nohlu Amazing yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene, okuyinto ugcwele emangalisa ubuhle bemvelo, ayikwazanga abayiqapheli abenzi mafilimu. Ukuze abenzi mafilimu abaningi, ikakhulukazi Hollywood, Mount Kilimanjaro, okuyinto obonwa isithombe ngisho ngaphandle izisayindo izincazelo - indawo enamalungelo cishe aziwa kakhulu ukwedlula, isibonelo, Statue of Liberty e-New York noma -Eiffel Tower eParis.

Singakhumbula amafilimu adalwe abakhiqizi kwezilwandle, okuyinto fly phezu kwentaba njengabafokazi mkhathi. Singakhumbula ukuthi Lara Croft ebuka entabeni ibhokisi a Pandora sika. A Eqinisweni owaziwa kakhulu - mayelana Kilimanjaro wahlala Ukuziqhenya, eholwa yiNkosi Leo.

Kilimanjaro izincwadi

Ngobukhulu Kilimanjaro ababoshwa futhi izingqondo abalobi edume kunazo zonke. I umsebenzi wokubhala edume kunazo elihlobene ne-intabamlilo - indaba emfushane "I snows of Kilimanjaro," eyabhalwa Ernest Hemingway. It yanyatheliswa okokuqala ngo magazini Esquire ngo-1936. Uzungu kwendaba - umlobi uhambo Garri Smita e-Afrika. Umlobi waqhubeka safari. Lapho, Harry jeza bibizane - edutshulwa emlenzeni wawusungenwe esibhibhayo. Yena nomkakhe u-Ellen uhlala etendeni esinqeni Kilimanjaro. Harry ngokuvamile uyakhumbula ngokuphila kwakhe, mayelana nempi. Uzama ukuthola izimpendulo zemibuzo zefilosofi - I-ayephila kuso, lokho okuhle wakwenza. Ukutheleleka esibhibhayo akunakuphulukiswa, Garri Smit uyafa. Kususelwa indaba igama elifanayo yathathwa movie.

Izici ekhuphuka

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi intaba ephakeme kunazo Kilimanjaro uye wahluleka ukuba bazithobe abantu XIX-XX eminyaka, namuhla ukugibela it can, mhlawumbe, noma yimuphi umuntu hhayi nezinkinga ukuphefumula ezintabeni umehluko umfutho womoya. Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro, njengoba kwaphawula u-ezinye izivakashi, ku eminye imizila kungathatha amahora ambalwa nje. Ngokwesibonelo, umsubathi Kilian Zhorne Burgada ka Catalunya linqotshiwe intabamlilo phezulu amahora 5 amaminithi 23.

Yiqiniso, nokujaha imiphumela efanayo umuntu ongaqeqeshiwe engingeke ngikwazi ukuyikhokhela, kodwa ukuhlangana usuku kungenzeka. Uhamba kanye nezivakashi amateur, kungakhathaliseki indlela ekhethiwe, uzobona isithombe esiyingqayizivele: ukulandelana ezihluke esishintshashintshayo mayelana eziyisikhombisa zezulu - enkabazwe ke subequatorial, kulandele ezishisayo nakwezifudumele, okulandelayo - ngokulinganisela, futhi ekugcineni, sub-polar ngisho polar.

Zeqhwa of Kilimanjaro

INtaba iKilimanjaro Kuyathakazelisa ngoba ingenye yezindawo ezimbalwa Afrika lapho kukhona iqhwa ngisho ehlobo. Phezulu le ntaba-mlilo kukhona afanayo enkulukazi emhlophe. Ngokuyinhloko, akusiyo ngisho iqhwa kanye nokuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa. Thina izazi zokuma komhlaba ososayensi babe umbono ikhava ice intaba-mlilo isikhathi maduze nje zinyamalale. Abacwaningi ziye zabhala e ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, endaweni kwezinguzunga zeqhwa okwakungokokuqala ngqá aqala ukuncipha. Kwelinye amaphepha ocwaningo kulinganiselwa ukuthi kuze kube-85% kusukela ngo-1912 kuya ku-2007, izinga zokunciphisa - kusuka 12 amakhilomitha square ukuze 2. Ngokwalolu cwaningo, kwehle hhayi kuphela endaweni kodwa futhi ukushuba we ice. Esinye isizathu salokhu eziyimbangela libizwa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kanye, ngenxa yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Zemvelo besaba ukuthi uma izinguzunga zeqhwa amanzi, ke ngeke usathola umsoco zemvelo emifuleni entabeni eziningana ezingase zilimaze semvelo endaweni sentaba. Kunenye inguqulo ithi zamaqhwa zisekhona esitebeleni. Kusekelwe amazwi bendawo abangafuni ukubona izinguquko kubonakala nesembozo ezimhlophe intaba-mlilo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuzinza kwezinguzunga zeqhwa, njengoba abanye abacwaningi abakholelwa ukuthi bangasiza kuthuthukiswe ukutshala izihlahla emhlabeni Kilimanjaro. Ngenxa yalokhu, umthelela yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke yehlile. izihlahla Futhi itshalwe zimunce amanzi ngamafu azungeze entabeni kanye feed, kanjalo Biosphere ngezansi.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

• Iphuzu esiphezulu Kilimanjaro (ukuphakama entabeni, njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade - 5.895 metres) - abantu abangu-Ukhta. Lesi sibalo - irekhodi-Afrika, ezintabeni kanti owesine emhlabeni.
• I last kuqhuma intaba-mlilo Mount Kilimanjaro kwaba Iminyaka eyinkulungwane 100. Edlule.
• Intaba itholakala khona emngceleni lamazwe amabili - eKenya naseTanzania. Kodwa labo izivakashi abafuna ukugibela Kilimanjaro, kufanele zima le ntaba baseTanzania - ngokuvumelana nesivumelwano phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili.
• Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala komlando Kilimanjaro ubheke II AD leminyaka. e.
• namarisidi Cash kusukela inhlangano izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe nokuhamba ku Mount Kilimanjaro - omunye izimo ukuzinza komnotho yaseTanzania. Kunobufakazi bokuthi Kilimanjaro evakashela angaba yizinkulungwane 40. Per ngonyaka. Ngokwesilinganiso, izivakashi ngasinye uchitha ezweni ezingaphezu kuka 1 ayizinkulungwane. $.

Kenya noma Tanzania?

Umbuzo wokuqala owabuzwa izivakashi uhlela uhambo oluya Kilimanjaro: Lapho le ntaba? Impendulo: ngokwendawo - eTanzania. Kodwa kukhona inketho lapho ukufinyelela kule ndawo emangalisayo futhi kungaba ngokusebenzisa Kenya. Yiziphi umehluko, emihle nemibi edabula ezweni elithile? Ngokusho kwezazi ezithile embonini yezokuvakasha kanye izivakashi ngokwabo, e-Kenya, ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda ehhotela kanye nezinsizakalo.

Kukhona inguqulo kungenxa yokuthi abantu baseKenya kuthiwa okuningi ekhangwa cwaningo ulimi lwesiNgisi kunomakhelwane babo. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi Ukukhulumisana nazo kulula bezinye izizwe. Ngo-1977, Tanzania wenza umzamo eyolanda ekusakazeni eyinhloko izivakashi Kilimanjaro kuye ngokwakhe, ukuvala komngcele weKenya. Kodwa akwenzekanga loko Bangani, imbuyiselo kwaba alanele. Border ivulekile. Ukuqapha ezinye izivakashi, Tanzanians - Abantu balapha banobungane kakhulu futhi ubukele inkhulumomphendvulwano ngokwethukela. BaseKenya futhi businesslike futhi okunengqondo.