Amafayela esebenzisekayo babe ukwelulwa uhlobo? Okuvame kakhulu

Noma imuphi umsebenzisi we ngcondvomshini, ngandlela-thile, lapho sibhekene umqondo lwefayela zohlelo elisebenzisekayo. Futhi njalo (nakuba ngokuvamile) amafayela elisebenzisekayo babe isandiso Exe, ezivamile izinhlelo Windows-based. Ukuze siqonde impikiswano ukunwetshwa, sicabangela ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana izikhungo ezinjengalezi kanye ezinye izinhlobo zabo eziyinhloko.

Umehluko nokwenziwayo kusuka nezinye izinto

Ngaphambi baphikisa ngokuthi ifayela zohlelo elisebenzisekayo linesandiso ohlobo oluthile eyodwa kuphela kufanele kube ukubhekana indlela yokwahlukanisa intfo abanye.

Eqinisweni, phakathi umehluko omkhulu amafayela elisebenzisekayo kusukela nenye idatha Imininingwane ukuhlonza ezinkulu eziningana:

• uqobo isandiso kubonisa okuqukethwe ifayela noma umshini noma umshini we-virtual bytecode;
• isignesha (ngesimo esiyingqayizivele ibhayithi ukulandelanisa okuqukethwe);
• izingxenye ohlelweni ifayela (akhiphe et al.).

Ngeshwa, ngisho noma wazi ukuthi amafayela elisebenzisekayo banegama isandiso, isibonelo, Exe, ukubuka okuqukethwe izindlela ezejwayelekile ayaphela, ngokuba izinto ezifana baye benza okuqukethwe uboniswa uma ubheka isethi njengoba lutho kwezinhlamvu. Endabeni engcono kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa Disassembler noma enye into elikuvumela ukuba wenze decompilation. Kodwa manje akusona ngalokho.

Isakhiwo amafayela elisebenzisekayo

Ngokuphathelene ukwakhiwa loluhlobo lwefayela, njengoba umthetho, ziqukethe izihloko (ukukhishwa nezinsolo kweticondziso, izilungiselelo, ikhodi nezakhiwo), imiyalelo ngokwabo (imishini, iluhlaza noma ibhayithi amakhodi).

incazelo imvelo zingase zifakwe ngezinye izikhathi e isakhiwo idatha yezimfuneko kokulungisa amaphutha OS, izinhlu ahlobene imitapo, izithombe, umsindo, izithombe, amalebula, imifanekiso nokunye. d. By endleleni, abaningi cishe waphawula ukuthi, esikhathini esiningi kuzo zonke uhlelo lokusebenza icon efayeleni etholakalayo ekuqaleni (ngombandela wokuthi lowo kufanele kuqale umsebenzi kuwo).

Umgomo we operation

Empeleni, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amafayela elisebenzisekayo babe isandiso ezinhlobo ezehlukene, basebenza ngendlela efanayo.

Uma ugijima ifayela elisebenzisekayo selulayisheke ku inkumbulo sekhompyutha. Ngakho kukhona Ukuqalisa futhi ukumisa imvelo, "ngokudonsa" imitapo ezengeziwe, ngaphandle ukusetshenziswa okunjalo olunikezwa uhlelo, ukubeka eminye imisebenzi eyengeziwe kanye nokusebenza yezindlela yokufundiswa ngokwayo, ebekiwe ifayela.

Yini isandiso kukhona elisebenzisekayo amafayela Uhlelo?

Manje siza ngqo ukukhulisa. Nakanjani ukuthi konke ngeke nilingenise (kuthatha isikhathi esiningi). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungenzeka ukuhlonza ethandwa kakhulu kanye ezivamile.

Ngakho, kuye ngohlobo okuqukethwe futhi kuchazwe isandiso. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Windows ezivamile amafayela elisebenzisekayo ube Exe isandiso. Lokhu kubhekiswe kuzo zonke izinhlelo yakhelwe ukusebenza imvelo lwalezi nhlelo zokusebenzisa. Lezi izinto aqukethe ikhodi umshini. efanayo kakhulu (futhi ngokuqukethwe amakhodi enjalo) kukhona amafayela BIN.

Olunye uhlobo amafayela elisebenzisekayo tihlelwe izinto ezifana CMD, Bat futhi COM, nohlobo lokuqala yifayela nqwaba-Windows, kanti owesibili nowesithathu DOS izinhlelo.

Mhlawumbe, amaningi ayehlanganyela futhi MSI futhi MSU amafayela. Lokhu kungaba noma "bomdabu» Windows isifaki, noma isifaki ubuyekeza uhlelo.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ehlukile isigaba kuze scripts amamakhro (VB, VBS, VBE, SCR, JS, JSE). amafayela Namanje ezivamile ezifana imbiza jad, yakhelwe ukufaka izicelo zobuchwepheshe mobile noma ukusetshenziswa Java imvelo. Zonke izinto ezinjalo okuqukethwe Awekho ikhompyutha amakhodi eside, futhi amakhodi imishini virtual.

Yini isandiso files elisebenzisekayo kumasistimu ezahlukene?

Uma ubuka eduze, uzophawula ukuthi kukhona izingxenye likubeka ngokucacile kwezinye izinhlelo. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Windows kukhona uhlobo olukhethekile izingxenye elisebenzisekayo (PS1 - PowerShell ifayela elisebenzisekayo, PIF - Ulwazi mayelana izicelo, WSF - ifayela zombhalo, njll ...).

Ngokuvamile, izingxenye ejwayelekile futhi ekhethekile ingatholakala kunoma yisiphi isimiso. Nokho, kukhona ezinye ifomethi evamile (isib, HTA - elisebenzisekayo idokhumenti-HTML), okuyinto kusebenza noma ikuphi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi "OSes" esebenzayo.

Njengoba for nye izinhlelo, isibonelo, i- "Macs" amafayela elisebenzisekayo isandiso APP, uma lolu hlelo futhi PKG, uma lokhu wokusabalalisa.

Kodwa nge Linux-uhlelo Kuthi ezahlukene. Iqiniso ukuthi ukwandisa umqondo akuyona njengoba enjalo. Bona elisebenzisekayo ungakwazi kuphela attribute (kufihlwe, ukufunda kuphela, uhlelo, nokunye. D.). Ngakho, ayikho inkinga ngisho ukushintsha isandiso ukusebenzisa, noma ukufunda ifayela oyifunayo.

Nokho, yiluphi uhlelo, noma ngisho amagajethi ephathekayo, ungathola lenqwaba izinto zalolu hlobo. Kude akudingeki ukuhamba. Esikhathini esifanayo OS isifaki Android ifayela elisebenzisekayo has APK, futhi "apula" files devaysakh IPA.

isiphetho

Nasi emfushane futhi konke ukwenzani izandiso amafayela elisebenzisekayo. Yiqiniso, kulesi simo kwagxilwa ikakhulu izinto zikhona izinhlelo Windows-based, kanti abanye zathinteka edlulayo, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, ukuthuthukisa jikelele. Futhi, njengoba kusobala, ezihlukahlukene izinto ezifana elisebenzisekayo ezinkulu ukuze abangele uhlobo oluthile itafula isifinyezo ezibonisa zonke izandiso ngokuphelele akunakwenzeka, ngakho kungagcini ngokwethu ifomethi ezivamile.