Ama-antibiotic "Linezolid": yokusetshenziswa, intengo kumakhophi, ifomu ukukhululwa kanye nokubuyekeza

Iningi imithi eyaziwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane noma viral amenable ngemithi ezivamile. Nokho, kukhona Amagciwane eziye bazivumelanisa okuthiwa izimo nosocomial. Ukulwisana wabo umsebenzi onzima kakhulu, ngoba imithi eminingi bamane azisebenzi. Ama-antibiotic "linezolid" libhekisela kulabo izidakamizwa ngawo zingaxazululwa okuthiwa izifo nosocomial noma ezinye amelana nezinye izinhlobo zezidakamizwa. Yilokho ngakho futhi uzobe okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko.

incazelo

Izidakamizwa "Linezolid" imiyalelo zisebenze elwa namagciwane ezibanzi-bohlu. Ngokusho impahla yayo eziyisisekelo futhi izici ke kungokwalabo oxazolidinone ikilasi ukuthi amandla futhi uhla isinyathelo nezilwanyana ezincane ngezindlela eziningi bebakhulu izidakamizwa "Vancomycin" kanye neminye imikhiqizo yenziwe ngohlobo olufanayo.

Namuhla, kunezinhlobo eziningana elwa namagciwane ejenti "linezolid". ifomu Product, zivame kakhulu asetshenziswa ukwelapha okuthile, - a amaphilisi ulwelwesi igobolondo equkethe 400 noma 600 mg lomcebo asebenzayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zokwelapha isixazululo ukumnika livame ukusetshenziswa, okuyinto ngemililitha ngasinye siqukethe 2 mg lomcebo esebenzayo kanye powder (elimbudumbudu) ukulungiselela ukumiswa, lokuhlushwa isithako esebenzayo okuyinto 100 mg ngayinye 5 ml umkhiqizo wokugcina.

izinkomba

Njengoba kushiwo ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, lesi sidakamizwa "Linezolid" imfundo manual uncoma ukuthi usebenzise khona izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane amelana namanye antibiotic. Lezi zihlanganisa kokubili igremu-HIV futhi igremu-negative nezilwanyana ezincane okuqondene anaerobic noma izinhlobo aerobic ukuthi ziye zafunda ukumelana (ukuzinza) ukuze methicillin, gikopeptidnym compounds, penicillin akuzange kusize nezinye elwa namagciwane.

Uhlu izifo ngoba lapho "linezolid" imfundo nomuthi kuhlanganisa:

• esibhedlela noma umphakathi atholwe i-pneumonia,
• tesikhumba;
• elithambile izicubu izifo;
• Okunye izifo zibangelwa Enterococcus-antibiotic nemithi.

Njengomthetho, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lolu ucwaningo izidakamizwa olwenziwa ukuhlonza ukumelana kwamagciwane kwezinye izidakamizwa. Uma kungekho kutholakala, ukwelashwa wenziwa ngosizo nezinye izidakamizwa elwa namagciwane.

Izimo

I contraindication main futhi obubaluleke kakhulu ukusetshenziswa lo muthi 'Linezolid' yokusetshenziswa libhekisela hypersensitivity kuso. Futhi hhayi Kunconywa ukuba asebenzise izidakamizwa ukuze kwelashwe iziguli nezinye izidakamizwa kusukela iqembu ka mao inhibitor. Ngaphezu kwalokho, hhayi Kunconywa le-ejenti kanye tricyclic antidepressant futhi izinto okwazi ukukhulisa komfutho wegazi (epinephrine, Dopamine, nezinye triptan).

Ukulungiselela "linezolid" (amaphilisi, isixazululo ukumnika kanye slurry) is contraindicated in izifo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophezulu, i-hyperthyroidism, noma seratoninovy syndrome carcinoid, feohromotsitoz. Ukuba khona kwalawa Izimo kumele Kutholwe ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa usebenzisa izidakamizwa.

Mshini wezenzo kwezidakamizwa emzimbeni

Isenzo "Linezolid" izidakamizwa ngenxa yekhono layo ukuze uvimbele umsebenzi wokuhumusha wamaprotheni izakhiwo kumaseli amagciwane. Ngenxa ekwandeni nezilwanyana ezincane wayeka futhi kukhona ukufa kwabo. Ukumelana izidakamizwa iningi amagciwane ikhiqizwa kancane kakhulu.

Ngemva ukungenisa isidakamizwa isithako lwakha glycine metabolite hydroxyethyl. I degree of ebudlelwaneni bayo nalowo plasma amaprotheni ephumelelisa ukusebenza 31%. Ngo-laboratory lucwaningo lutfole kutsi kwakwakhe ingena phakathi zonke izicubu kanye izitho. Iphinde uyakwazi ukuba adabule placenta ku-fetus wamabele ubisi (lokhu impahla zomuthi kubonakala izincomo ngokuthatha izidakamizwa by kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kanye lactating).

Ingxenye-ukuphila we ketshezi esebenzayo futhi metabolite yayo excreted kuyinto amahora 4.5-5. Excretion nge uhlelo urinary (50% njengoba metabolite futhi 35% njengoba yayinjalo), kanye ngokusebenzisa ipheshana wokugaya ukudla (hhayi ngaphansi kuka-9%). Qedela excretion kwenzeka phakathi namahora angu-8-12 ngemuva kokuthola nomuthi.

Indlela "Linezolid"

Ochwepheshe ukuthi ezimweni eziningi isiguli ayikwazi ngokuzimela isinqumo indlela yokwamukela "Linezolid" izidakamizwa. Qaphela, amaphilisi, izixazululo kanye emulsions okuyinto ababhekwa njengoba amalungiselelo ehlukile, futhi njengoba oluthile izidakamizwa, equkethe okwamanje imininingwane egcwele. Ngezansi kukhona amaphuzu ayisihluthulelo mayelana umthamo kanye isikhathi yokwelapha.

Medicine "Linezolid" imfundo manual kusikisela usebenzisa amaqhinga alandelayo:

1. A isixazululo ukumnika iqondiswa ngemithambo yegazi izikhathi 2 ngosuku. A umthamo owodwa we-400-600 mg izidakamizwa esebenzayo. Isikhathi ukwelashwa incike ngobucayi isifo futhi kwasendaweni yayo. Ngokuvamile, izifo eziningi kudinga isikhathi okungenani 10 futhi akukho izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-14, futhi kuphela izifo ezibangwa enterococci, nqubo yokwelapha ithatha kusuka 2 kuya 4 amasonto.
2. Ukulungiselela "linezolid" (amaphilisi) sithathwa izikhathi 2 ngosuku e isamba 400 noma 600 mg reception ngayinye. Ezigulini abaneminyaka engu-5 kuya 14, umthamo ibalwa ngesisekelo esisindo futhi kwaba 10 mg ngayinye 1 kg esisindo, izikhathi 2 ngosuku. Umthamo esiphezulu kokungenisa (P.O.) ngayinye kumele singeqi mg 600. Isikhathi yokwelapha kunqunywa imingcele efanayo eyayibonakala ngazo ngenhla.
3. Granules, okuyinto zenziwa i emulsion, Kusetshenziswe isikimu ngenhla. Isikali ukubala uma idingekile ukuze ngemihlahlandlela efanayo.

Njengoba lesi sidakamizwa "Linezolid" inikezwa ngokukhethekile kadokotela futhi isetshenziswa kuphela esibhedlela, ukweqisa izidakamizwa salesi sibhedlela kanye ukubukeka evelele ohlangothini imiphumela cishe iqedwe. Odokotela izibuyekezo zabo okukhulunywa amacala wayenemfuyo ngokweqile emzimbeni esebenzayo izidakamizwa izidakamizwa futhi metabolites yayo ngenxa iziyaluyalu kwezitho urinary nesibindi. Imiphumela overdoses ezinjalo zivame zisuswe ngokushesha okukhulu, njengoba isiguli belashwa ngaphansi ebhekiwe ongoti.

izidakamizwa ekuhlanganyeleni

Njengoba yezindlela Isikali zomuthi "linezolid" senzelwe abaphathi emthanjeni, kubalulekile ukuthi izidakamizwa luhambisana ngokuphelele ne izixazululo eziyisisekelo ezisetshenziswa ngesikhatsi ukwelashwa (5% isixazululo glucose, 0.9% isixazululo of sodium chloride futhi solution, Ringer sika).

Ngokukhethekile kufanele kukhokhelwe isimo iziguli, okwathi ngaphezu "Linezolid" ukuthatha imithi adrenergic. Uma ukulahlwa ephelele yokugcina akunakwenzeka, odokotela kuzomele ubuyekeze umthamo wabo.

Medicine "Linezolid '(ezifanayo Ukwakheka kungabuye akhiwa ke) kuyahambisana ngokugcwele izidakamizwa" Chlorpromazine "," Cotrimoxazole "" Diazepam "futhi" Phenytoin ". Uma isiguli ngaphambi isicelo lo muthi uthwebule wathi izindlela kuyadingeka ukuze asekele isikhawu izinsuku 3 ngaphambi kokwelashwa "linezolid" ukulungiselela.

Izixwayiso

Njengoba izincomo olwengeziwe mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamaphilisi "Linezolid" imfundo manual iqukethe ulwazi oluhlobene abesifazane abakhulelwe kanye nabantu comorbidities ekhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sibalula ukuthi kungenzeka amathuba okuba nemiphumela engemihle. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

Njengoba yokwamukela "Linezolid" izidakamizwa izibuyekezo odokotela ukhuluma ngani ukuqapha okukhethekile lapho zaphathwa abesifazane abakhulelwe kanye lactating. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umphumela isidakamizwa ingane ekhulayo esibelethweni noma umntwana osanda kuzalwa iye insufficiently wafunda. Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa nge ukusetshenziswa kwaso kuhle kuphela uma ingozi embungwini kakhulu ngezansi inzuzo elindelekile ukuba unina.

A kanzima kwezinso futhi ukwehluleka hepatic, futhi zidinga isicelo ngokucophelela izidakamizwa, ngoba metabolites kuthiwa excreted ikakhulu kulezi zitho, futhi inqwaba yalezi izinto kuzo kungadala Ukuwohloka nesineke.

side effects

Ngokusekelwe imiphumela kokuma yomtholampilo, ukusabela engathandeki kwezitho ahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlelo edilini lomshado antibiotic "linezolid" avame kuphazamise amasistimu e-sezinzwa futhi wokugaya ukudla. Mayelana 10% eziguli ngesikhatsi ukwelashwa babonakala isicanucanu nekhanda. Kancane kancane exinwe yisifo sohudo zabo, isiyezi, kanye ne-candidiasis ku mucosa ngomlomo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe waveza nalawo mathonya engadingeki izidakamizwa njengoba peripheral neuropathy, ukuquleka, ongaboni (kufika ku ukulahlekelwa kwayo Imininingwane), thrombocytopenia, serotonin syndrome, angioedema futhi ukushaqeka anaphylactic. Ngenxa yokuthi i-izidakamizwa isetshenziswa kuphela endaweni esibhedlela, imiphumela ngokuvamile sina ayagwenywa.

Ukwelashwa uvele ukusabela engathandeki ingxenye lingaze futhi izinhlelo. Ukususwa zomuthi kungenzeka kuphela uma kobukhulu side effects kuyinkinga enkulu ngaphezu kwesifo belashwa kubhekwa ama-antibiotic.

Izidakamizwa analogue "Linezolid"

Abafundi cishe unombuzo mayelana ngabe "Linezolid" analogue zomuthi khona. Yiqiniso, emakethe ezithaka imithi uma hhayi ngokugcwele, it has a izidakamizwa ambalwa afana lezi Ukwakheka imithi elwa nawo. Le mithi uyalandisa abangamaSerbia antibiotic "Zeniks" Norwegian "zyvox" futhi Israeli "Linezolid Teva". Ukwakheka zonke lezi izidakamizwa nomongo esebenzayo eyinhloko kuhlanganisiwe linezolid.

Zikhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi izindlela kanye nokulungiselela "Linezolid" ebhalwe ngenhla ngokusekelwe eBhayibhelini? Intengo izidakamizwa - lokho umehluko oyinhloko. Iqiniso liwukuthi kokuba ukwakheka efanayo, le mithi isinyathelo emzimbeni womuntu nse: benenkinga izilokazane ezincane esifanayo, abangele imiphumela efanayo enqabayo kukhona Izimo efanayo. imigomo Not okuningi ezahlukene kanye nezindlela zokwelashwa kanye umthamo.

Njengoba umthetho, ezibizayo analogue amazwe "Linezolid" antibiotic esetshenziswa uma kwenzeka ukuthi lokhu izidakamizwa ethile alikho e drugstores. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokuvamile, ngenxa ukusebenzisa kwayo anhlobonhlobo iziguli cishe kungenakwenzeka ngenxa enemithi futhi overdo emashalofini ngeke noyedwa iketango ekhemisi ixazululwe. Kule encane ukubhuka party izidakamizwa, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ithuba esikhathini esithile ukuthengisa zonke isitokwe yakhe.

Lokho okwakudingeka ukuze kukhokhwe izidakamizwa

I imithi leqembu oxazolidinone abe eziphezulu ngenxa eziyinkimbinkimbi zamagama nenezinyathelo eziningana efana laboratories ezithaka imithi. Uyini "Linezolid" intengo izidakamizwa? Tablets (okuqukethwe main izidakamizwa esebenzayo 600 mg, pack of izingcezu 10) e ekhemisi ngamaketanga okungenani 18 eziyinkulungwane. Inani esiphezulu yaleli fomu umthamo kuyinto ruble ngayinye amaphilisi 10 kwezingu-20. Kancane eshibhile Isidakamizwa at umthamo mg 400. intengo yaso ruble ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 17-18 amaphilisi 10.

Ikhambi for ukumnika "Linezolid" ungakwazi ukuthenga eshibhile kancane: iphakethe amaphakethe 10 100 ml izobiza ruble ayizigidi 7.5-9, 10 amaphakethe of 300 ml ngalinye - e-ruble ayizigidi 15,3-16,2.

Umuntu unamasu igama elifanayo, okuyinto ishibhile, ngokuvamile zingaphenduka manga futhi, kakhulu, azinamphumela emzimbeni wesiguli. Noma kunjalo, ukubambezeleka therapy lesi sifo, esiza ukuqeda lo muthi 'Linezolid' uqobo kuyingozi kakhulu. Yingakho ochwepheshe batusa ukuba uthole imithi kuphela Pharmacy nge idumela elihle.

Amazwana mayelana antibiotic "Linezolid"

imithombo ezahlukene kungaba kuyethukela izibuyekezo mayelana-antibiotic alesi sigaba. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi kulwazi mayelana wavuma, iziguli kuchazwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iningi iziguli ngesikhathi yokwelapha kukhona ngisesimweni esibucayi kakhulu, futhi nikhumbule yonke sife-phambili izizwa kubo kunzima kakhulu.

Ochwepheshe yena, aphendule imithi "Linezolid" omuhle kakhulu. Ngokusho kwabo, umuthi ukwazi ukubhekana ngisho amagciwane anenkani kakhulu. Baphinde baveza ukuthi ingozi yezinkinga ngenxa side effects noma ukweqisa izidakamizwa cishe nhlobo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-antibiotic isetshenziswa kuphela izilungiselelo esibhedlela. Lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala komzimba nezinto noma basithumela izidakamizwa abazenzi zonke izinqubo zokwelapha ezidingekayo ukuze akuqede.

Ngakho, sabuka yonke imininingwane zomuthi "linezolid". Yokusetshenziswa, intengo kanye kungenzeka izidakamizwa ukusabela zazibizwa kule iphepha ngokuningiliziwe. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, naphezu kwezindleko nomsebenzi omkhulu zomuthi, ukusetshenziswa kwalo buyafaneleka esimweni ngasinye. Ukuze anqume ngalolo nokwelashwa kweziguli lokhu izidakamizwa can udokotela kuphela.