Ahulumende ibhizinisi - wukuthi enhlanganweni?

Phakathi izinhlangano ezingokomthetho ebhalisiwe ezisebenza ngokuhambisana nomthetho eRussia, kukhona izifundo ukuthi babe, isimo ekhethekile ethize zomthetho. Lezi zihlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, faka emabhizinisini kahulumeni. Cabanga ukuqhubekisela phambili ngokucacile yabo.

izici Jikelele

Ahulumende ibhizinisi ebumbeneko - engokomthetho ofeza ukuphathwa zokusebenza ukuphathiswa zakhe zenani elikhulu. Izincwadi zomthetho futhi ibizwa nangokuthi i isikhungo ebhizinisi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ebhizinisini likahulumeni - kuyinto inhlangano kwezohwebo. Sichaza injongo yalencwadi indalo yakhe. It ikhiqizwa ngokuyinhloko ukuhlinzekwa kwemisebenzi ethile, umsebenzi zokukhiqiza noma ukukhiqizwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ingxenye enkulu tindleko tekwenta libhizinisi imbozwe kusukela isabelomali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba amakhasimende eziyinhloko izitho kahle kwemandla embuso.

ngokucacile

Izikhungo zomphakathi namabhizinisi abe kuningi abafana ngakho. Okokuqala labafanana ukungakwazi bachithe (ukuba ngumnikazi) eliyifa lawo ezibonakalayo. Ngezinye ibhizinisi layo core embuso - kuwuhlobo ukugcwaliseka amandla isimo imisebenzi yabo. Esiphethweni esifanayo kungenziwa shi ngokuphathelene izikhungo. Nokho, umehluko phakathi kwalezi abadlali ngukutsi akhiwa ezindaweni ezahlukene. Ikakhulu, i-izikhungo wadala kule mikhakha yesayensi, sezemfundo nezamasiko emkhakheni zokuvikeleka komphakathi, impilo, imfundo ngokomzimba, ezemidlalo, umsebenzi wezakhamuzi. Ahulumende ibhizinisi - ngokuyinhloko ephathini womsebenzi ezimbonini. It is wadala, isibonelo, ukwenziwa imikhiqizo ukuzivikela we ukubaluleka zamasu. Kulokhu, inkampani engaphansi kukahulumeni kubhekwa commercial futhi isikhungo - cha.

ngesimo esingokomthetho

Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, isimo ibhizinisi impahla kwesokudla - ilungelo lokuphathwa komsebenzi. Ngakho, akunakwenzeka ukuba awumise ngesisekelo ubunye impahla engokoqobo labizwa ngokuthi impahla WaseRussia, izifunda noma i-MO. uhulumeni Federal ibhizinisi - engokomthetho nomunye umsunguli. Ukuthi liphethwe amafa eziphathekayo aphathiswa ukuphathwa zokusebenza.

isizinda normative

Ngo-January 1, 1995 futhi phambi ukungena force zoMthetho Federal № 161 izisekelo ngesimo esingokomthetho bezinhlangano eziphethwe uhulumeni abangu ezilungisiwe kuphela GC. Lesi sihloko elaborates isikhundla 6 (e-Sec. 6) FZ № 52, wobulawa ukusebenza ingxenye Ikhodi kuqala. Itjho bona kwakheka phambi Incwadi engokomthetho ihora. 1, GC amabhizinisi bazibandakanya emsebenzini owodwa owenziwe ngakwesokudla ka ukuphathwa kwezomnotho nokulawula ukusebenza, imithetho efanele zisetshenziswa. Ndawonye nale art. 113 Ikhodi inqobo ngesimo esingokomthetho izinhlangano ezingokomthetho ngaphansi ukucatshangelwa uzimisele kuphela amalungiselelo Code Civil, kodwa futhi umthetho ekhethekile. Mthethonqubo, Nokho, bekubonakala nje yokutholwa 14.11.2002 Yingaleso, ngokukhethekile, zoMthetho Federal № 161.

Okwengeziwe kanye nezichibiyelo

Ngokusho Art. 37 isibalo uMthetho Federal 161, bonke bezinhlangano eziphethwe uhulumeni kufanele ulethe nemigomo yazo kuhambisana nomthetho. Lokhu usungula inkathi kuze kube 1.07.2003 EMthethweni Federal № 161 Code Civil, ekudingayo ziye zikhuluphele phandle, elawula imithetho wadala futhi usebenza ebhizinisini likahulumeni. Lokhu, ikakhulukazi, wathinta Izihloko 48-65 kweKhodi, kanye Art. 113-115. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthetho ukwenqabela kumiswa ezingaphansi ngaphansi ukucabangela izinhlangano ezingokomthetho. Izinguquko ezinohlonze zabhekana sihloko 115. Ngokuhambisana emisha manje engokomthetho kungadalwa hhayi kuphela ngesisekelo impahla isimo. Leli lungiselelo ivumela ekwakhekeni ibhizinisi umphakathi kamasipala namuhla. Lokhu emisha ikuphakamisile imikhawulo okwakukhona ngaphambilini. Ikakhulukazi, kokusetshenziswa yomthetho kubhekwe angase bakha inhlangano engokomthetho ngomyalo kuhulumeni, futhi kuphela ngesisekelo impahla isimo. izimiso Ngakho kuthathwe abangu evunywe eliphakeme esiphezulu igunya. Ngesikhathi osizayo nomthwalo ofanayo wemfanelo izibopho chasiselwe Russian Federation. Ukumiswa nokwesula kabusha izinhlangano ezingokomthetho kwenziwe kuphela ngesinqumo uhulumeni.

Izidingo ezisemqoka yomthetho

Impahla emabhizimisi ahulumende kubhekwa indivisible. Ngeke basakaza ukwabelana, iyunithi ukwabelana (ezifakwa), kuhlanganise phakathi kwabasebenzi. Enterprise ahulumende - inhlangano esemthethweni, okungase egameni lalo ukuthola bese nisebenzisa wamalungelo angokomthetho (e rem futhi siqu), isenzo, isenzo njengoba ummangalelwa / ummangali enkantolo. Umthetho kudinga ukuba yayo-balance sheet. Igama eliphelele kufanele lifake inkulumo ethi "umbuso ibhizinisi". Lesi sidingo sisebenza kuphela izinhlangano ezingokomthetho esungulwe ngesisekelo impahla isimo. Ngakho, amagama izinhlangano kwakheka eMnyango Wezokuvikela ngeke aqukethe ebhekisela ukubandakanya indawo ( "kamasipala ibhizinisi zomphakathi"). Igama kufanele ulwazi futhi samanje mayelana umnikazi (WaseRussia, esifundeni noma i-MO). Phrinta engokomthetho kumele siqukathe igama eliphelele ngesiRashiya, inkomba indawo. Kungase kube khona amagama abanye (abantu noma angaphandle) izilimi. Indawo yebhizinisi kunqunywa nekheli ukubhaliswa kwaso isimo. Imininingwane kufanele licaciswe ikhodi yeposi, idolobha, emgwaqweni, indlu / isakhiwo, igumbi inombolo (uma ikhona). Endabeni ushintsho indawo, inkampani uthumela isaziso umzimba ogunyazwe ukuba afeze ukubhaliswa isimo izinhlangano ezingokomthetho.

umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi awusekho omunye umthetho kodwa the Civil Code, futhi nenombolo ye-Federal Law 161, musa ukunquma ngesimo esingokomthetho ibhizinisi umphakathi. Leli lungiselelo ngqo exhunywe sihloko 113th (e para. 6) se-Code. Ngokuphathelene nemisebenzi futhi amalungelo abanikazi ingcebo, aphathiswa emabhizinisini kahulumeni lokusebaleni, kuhlela kabusha nokuqedwa kwenhlangano, umthetho akusho bekani imingcele ukulawulwa namanye amadokhumenti wezomthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, inqubo kumiswa nokuphathwa izikhungo zombuso umsebenzi kunqunywa isinqumo sikahulumeni.

uhlobo ubunikazi

Ukuqhubeka ukuhlaziywa elawula imisebenzi bezinhlangano eziphethwe uhulumeni, isifaniso nge ngesimo esingokomthetho sikhungo. Umbandela wokuqala ngezigaba ukhonza ubunikazi. Kuyafana kulo lonke isimo amabhizinisi ebumbeneko (kuhlanganise nalezo wadala e eMnyango Wezokuvikela) kanye nezikhungo. Lesi sici ezivamile kukhomba ubunye ngezinhloso kumiswa lezi izinhlangano ezingokomthetho. Kanye nezikhungo, kanye namabhizinisi bona izithakazelo obshchefederalnye, futhi lokhu ngenxa izici zokulawula.

abasunguli

Njengengxenye abanikazi ezikhungweni kahulumeni namabhizinisi ihlinzeka komkhawulo jikelele. Endaweni yokuqala, njengoba kuye kwashiwo nguyise eyodwa. Njengoba yena, ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo olusemthethweni ingaba noma i-MO, noma isiRashiya, noma isifunda.

Umthamo ubungako bomthetho

Ngokusho lokhu umbandela we izinhlangano ezingokomthetho ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka uhla amalungelo lapho abelwe maqondana impahla abaziphathisiwe. Ngo ukwakheka isihloko kungenzeka wakhe othize zomthetho izodluliselwa khona. amalungelo Impahla ezidingekayo ukuze sifeze evamile abazisebenzako ngokuhambisana nezinhloso wendalo. Lezi zimpahla eziphathekayo kanye amafa atholakala phakathi nenkambo yokuba (njengomthetho ojwayelekile) impahla isihloko. Okwehlukile leli lungiselelo izikhungo zomphakathi kanye namabhizinisi. Umnikazi, ebanikeza ingcebo, enikeza amathuba zomthetho namanye imikhawulo. Ikakhulukazi, izihloko Unelungelo afeze ukuphathwa zokusebenza. Lapho le umsunguli uhlala umnikazi kwempahla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuze bachithe impahla aphathiswa ibhizinisi can kuphela kwemvume yakhe. Lokhu ngokulinganayo kusebenza izinhlangano ezingokomthetho, adalwe oda neziphathimandla indawo.

umnikazi

Ngokusho Art. 20 zoMthetho Federal № 161 amandla umnikazi ofanele impahla idluliselwe federal isimo ibhizinisi, ukusungulwa, ukuvalwa lokusebaleni, kuhlela kabusha lucwaningo uhulumeni. Okunye okungenzeka zomthetho ziyafezeka njengoba isikhungo eliphakeme esiphethe igunya kanye nezinye izinhlaka zikahulumeni. Ngo-December 1, 2007 sinikezwe ilungelo ubunikazi kanye isimo corporation "Rosatom". Imithetho elawula ukuqaliswa umthamo wayo wezomthetho ngocansi, esungulwe inombolo uMthetho Federal 317 Ukwengeza okuhambisanayo senziwe inani umthetho 161. Kusukela kumiswa kamasipala zamalungelo obunikazi ingcebo wadlula emabhizinisini kahulumeni, uqaphele iziphathimandla zendawo ngaphakathi ikhono lakhe. Ububanzi umthamo labo elisemthethweni kunqunywa abayizikwele asho okususiwe emthethweni zokulawula elawula isimo kulezi zikhungo.