Homeliness, Ingadi
Wild apula esihlahleni: incazelo esihlahleni nezithelo. Ingabe kungenzeka ukugxilisa zasendle apula esihlahleni
On ezindaweni olungenamkhawulo Russia nase-Ukraine wildings kungabonwa yonke indawo, kodwa ngokuvamile iningi ziseZwini ehlathini phakathi emahlozini eduze komfula, emithambekeni nemihosha.
Izindawo apula zasendle ezikhulayo
Lesi simila ungomunye walabo flora lucky ezimbalwa lapho indoda usinakile. Wild apula esihlahleni ngokuvamile itholakala e lezihlahla yethu, okuxubile namahlathi coniferous. Ikakhulukazi kahle ke iyaphila izindawo enyakatho. Top apula wildings ithuthukisa futhi inikeza isivuno sasiyoba sikhulu, yaveza ezindaweni elikhanyayo. "Luhlala" isitshalo ikakhulukazi singly emkhakheni noma endleleni, ngezinye izikhathi ngamaqembu amancane onqenqemeni ehlathini.
Ehlathini, ngaphansi kombhede ezinye izihlahla, lapho umthunzi esihlahleni okuqinile akwehli kahle, esithinta ukukhula kanye isivuno. apula Wild isetshenziselwa ukutshala kule hedgerows, ku zasemazweni imele emizaneni Ukuvikelwa bukhoma ngokumelene "flavour" oluyingozi imigwaqo. Kungatholakala kubhalwe ku nursery izingadi.
wildings Yande ebonwe ingxenye YaseYurophu eRussia, Ukraine kanye Belarus. Ezindaweni nezasemalokishini eduze izindlu ngabanye sesihlanyeleke kahle, ezimweni ezingavamile, ngoba izingxenye ezincane, futhi abanikazi ekujaheni ukuchitha isikhala eziyigugu esihlahleni.
Wild apula: incazelo
Apple isihlahla Sorrel zasendle, wildings, ukhuni apula esihlahleni - isihlahla obude kusuka ngamamitha amathathu kuya kwamahlanu, ngezinye izikhathi njengoba eliphezulu 10 metres, ukujiya - ngamasentimitha 40. Nesalukazi esimxhiliba obukhulu, ikakhulukazi oyindilinga, amagxolo brown umbala, phezu kwezinkuni ezisemlilweni elidala lemicu empunga elinamathela othini, ne imifantu. amahlumela amasha utshani, emnyama - brown, abanye babe ngameva. zasendle apula amahlamvu isihlahla embozwe izinwele kancane okweqanda, ngezinye izikhathi ngamazinyo oyindilinga ku emaphethelweni. Ifomu ovuthiwe zingabantu aluhlaza, ngezinye izikhathi elikhanyayo phezulu oluhlaza futhi phansi Frosted.
Blooms ngasekupheleni April - ekuqaleni kuka May. Ukubukeka apula ngalesi sikhathi ukuziba! Umuthi embozwe izimbali kahle esikhulu esimhlophe noma pink, iziphi eqoqwe kuma izingcezu ezimbalwa inflorescences - izihlangu. Kanye ukuqhakaza apula izihlahla ziqala ukuqhakaza eshiya wildings. Impova esiphambanweni.
Izithelo malus sylvestris
Izithelo isihlahla iqala ngo ihlanganisa iminyaka eyishumi ubudala. Nothile Kuveza wildings liyamangalisa, kodwa inkinga wukuthi izithelo yehlathi apula ebabayo, okumuncu ne bok. Efomini fresh, bona kufanelekile ukuba zidliwe umuntu kuphela emva kwenyanga ngemva kokuvuna. Imbewu aqukethe ikhemikhali enobuthi kabi - amygdalin.
Izithelo mancane, ezakheke ehlukahlukene. umbala wabo ikakhulu eluhlaza nephuzi, sibomvu olumhlophe-yellow, othi awube pink. Ngokwesayensi kungase kutholakale ukuthi lezi apula kancane njengabakhulu kunani nezinye cultivars kuzakhiwo wabo ozuzisayo. Isizathu salokhu kukhona izakhi eziqukethwe kubo:
• Organic acid (1.9%) malic, tartaric, citric, nabanye.
• Mayelana 30 izinhlobo amaminerali, kuhlanganise yensimbi, i-calcium, i-potassium ne-zinc.
• carotene no-vithamini "B", "C", "PP".
• Kufika 16%, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ushukela (glucose, sucrose kanye fructose).
• amafutha oluyingozi futhi kubalulekile.
Ngalezi zinkomba nomthelela engu nezinhlobo zemithi. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali isithelo kuncike indawo kanye izimo zezulu, okuyinto lukhula apula zasendle, kanye ubukhulu fetus. Kuyini apula kancane, kulapho-ke kuyoba Vitamin "C". Amaqabunga apula izihlahla aqukethe ke okuningi. I uqweqwe isithelo iqukethe flavonoid.
Iqoqo isitoreji izithelo
Imigomo lokuqoqa apula yokuvuthwa incike isikhathi futhi liyaqhubeka kusukela ngasekupheleni kwehlobo ukuze ekupheleni kwekwindla. Ukuqoqa izithelo kumele kwenziwe, ikhumbula zonke izici izinga. Apples kufanele kube nabavuthiwe ngokugcwele, kuphela uma abacebile izakhi kanye ukunambitha evamile, kanye umthamo enkulu amavithamini.
Ukuze kuzuzwe umkhiqizo okusezingeni eliphezulu ngesikhathi sokuvuna, zidinga inhlangano okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi ekufezeni lokhu kokusebenza. Njengoba emahhabhula ke asetshenziselwa ukucutshungulwa lobuchwepheshe ukuqoqa isetshenziswa indlela elula - sama-apula esithelayo wildings ezinyakaziswayo, futhi izithelo phansi. Nokho, le ndlela lalibonisa ukulahlekelwa ezinkulu futhi mechanical apula umonakalo etholwe.
Ingabe ukumaka ukusebenza okukhulu kuphela uma ubeke phansi komuthi welulela indwangu. Falling phezu kwakhe, izithelo kancane ezilimele, kungasiko avimbekile futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, akudingeki ukuba uchithe isikhathi esiningi kusesho nasemakhasini Ukukhetha wezithelo esiwile. Uma apula zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa fresh, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi likhiphe ngesandla.
Ukuqoqa apula zasendle kudingeka esitsheni kanzima, okusho amabhokisi. Ngo kubo bayohlala kumagumbi akhethekile kwaze kwaba ngu mpahla lapho uya khona. Baqoqa izinto zokusetshenziswa zasendle kufanele ihlelwa izinga nosayizi, akufanele abe impahla emazweni angaphandle kanye izithelo ezilimele.
Ukuze alondoloze izithelo apula ugodo isikhathi eside kufanele ibekwe endaweni igumbi lokushisa 0 degrees noma esitolo ehlathini ngaphansi ungqimba obukhulu amaqabunga. I kamuva izithelo yokuvuthwa, isikhathi eside ekuphileni eshalofini, okuyinto zokhahlamba kusuka izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezinhlanu.
Growing apula izihlahla kusuka imbewu
Mhlawumbe, umuntu ngamunye kwaba Esimweni esinjalo ekuphileni kwakhe, lapho eneminyaka engu ngenxa yelukuluku wangcwatshwa itshe wesisekelo apula abanethemba enkulu ukuze utshale isihlahla yangempela. Kodwa lesi sifiso nokuguqulwa ayikwazanga aphumelele. Ukuze babenombono ezinhle apula kanye apula kwakumnandi, kuzomele wenze umsebenzi omningi, kodwa futhi engenalo ulwazi oludingekayo. Izihlahla landa lisuka imbewu apula zasendle, kuyinto eziqinile kakhulu, kungaba ukumelana ngisho yesithwathwa amane-degree kanye ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthela izithelo njalo ngonyaka.
Ngaphambi ukutshala isihlahla sama-apula, likhule izithombo abasha kusuka imbewu abavamile. Ngokuvamile, walo msebenzi wenziwa kuyo, kodwa kungenzeka wayengomunye wabo, usebenzisa amathiphu wezazi, imbewu izithombo usekhaya. Okokuqala udinga zithathe imbewu izinga. Kungcono ukuthatha izithelo avuthwa esiqeshini umqhele, bathola ukukhanya okwanele enikeziwe kahle izakhi, ke - igatsha okwedlulele apula. ukuhluma Okuhle kwenzeka imbewu eqoqwe kusukela izithelo avuthwa e kwentwasahlobo.
Ukulungiselela imbewu for ukuhluma
Imbewu singafika kuze entwasahlobo, kubalulekile ukuba babhekane nezinga elikhulu. Kodwa imbewu yokuqala kuqoqwe kahle wageza, omisiwe, bese ibekwe emanzini afudumele, eshintsha nsuku zonke. Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle, engeza ivuselela ukukhula.
Ngemva ukuvuvukala imbewu afakwe esitsheni nenye sawdust kanye moss ezimanzi noma isihlabathi ezimanzi noma sawdust. Ukuvimbela isikhunta, kuyinto efiselekayo ukwengeza carbon isebenze. I yokuqukethe ke kudingekile ukuba ngithume emiphongolweni noma esiqandisini imbala izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu.
Lapho ayikho indlela ukudala izimo ezidingekile ukutshala imbewu, bangakwazi itshalwe ngqo phansi. Kulokhu, kufanele yonke imithetho boarding uyalandelwa. Ubusika izithombo abasha zidluliselwa kuya ekwindla ka isitsha abafanele greenhouse. Lapho kuqala entwasahlobo kwezinsuku efudumele le apula zasendle amancane ushukumiseleka ukuba Locus yayo unomphela. Ukuze amathuba ukuhluma yayiphezulu, kutuswa ukubeka athela esihlalweni izingcezu ezimbalwa imbewu.
kokwehla ingxenye
Abanye ulwazi indlela yokutshala izitshalo kusuka imbewu, akwanele. Ukuze kwesihlahla (apula kuleli cala) ukwaze ukuthuthukisa kahle futhi bethela isithelo, unelungelo lokunquma lapho ekhetha indawo zokutshala. Kufanele uyinaka izithelo izitshalo.
Vula sezwe asihambisani zokutshala izihlahla apple. Futhi kuthiwa efanele futhi unike isivuno ompofu yezithelo, watshala eduze ehlathini phansi kwemithambeka. Indawo engcono kubhekwa ivikelwe emimoyeni ngesakhiwo libalele. Uma basingatha ngenxa futhi baqaphele efanele, malus sylvestris likhule ngendlela imbewu kuyoba nemiphumela emihle. Kuncono yokusondela inqubo enjalo yenza kube lula ukuthola izinto eziqinile ngokuxhunyelelwa ngoba letihlungiwe.
Ukugonywa apula zasendle
Kanyenti balimi abhekene Esimweni esinjalo, uma wathenga kwakunezigqiki ezithambile emakethe eminyakeni emihlanu emva eside akukuniki Imiphumela eside elindelwe. Izithelo Uyi ohlukile kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi ufuna ukugcina engadini yakho uhlobo intandokazi, ngisho kokwazi igama lakhe siqu, usebenzisa wildings, kodwa umbuzo uwukuthi ukuthi kungenzeka ukugxilisa zasendle apula esihlahleni. Kusukela Esimweni esinjalo, kukhona omunye indlela yokuphuma - ukuze ufunde ukuthi bagome izandla zabo sesitshalo ukuze isiphunzi zasendle.
Lo msebenzi kakhulu okuthakazelisayo futhi ezithakazelisayo. Ngesinye isiqu, ungenza i-scions ezimbalwa izinhlobo ezahlukene. Kulokhu igatsha ngalinye ngeke izithelo apula izithelo izinhlobo ezahlukene amahle esihlwabusayo. Zizwe umfuyi akwanele, kudingeka ufunde inqubo yokugoma cultivars at yisithombo wildings esekhulile ngezandla zabo.
Phakathi inoculations eyenziwa nokudluliswa ingxenye eyodwa isitshalo kwesinye, ngoba accretion olwengeziwe. Ingxenye ukuthi senzelwe ngokuxhunyelelwa, esibizwa ngokuthi i-Scion, isitshalo, okuyiwona lokugoma kwenziwa - isiphunzi. Kunezindlela ezahlukene isihlahla ngokuxhunyelelwa. Wild apula esihlahleni ngokuvamile kuwo cuttings. Entwasahlobo ka le ndlela ukuze enze kangcono ekuqaleni ukuhamba juice, lapho amaqabunga kuqala uqale ukuvela phezu kwesihlahla.
ukulungiswa Scion
Scion amahlumela amasha nyaka. Ngo Ukukhetha yabo kufanele sinake iqiniso ukuthi kukhona ngokwanele futhi ithuthukiswe kahle. Ukuvuna of cuttings ekwindla, emva frost kuqala, ukubavumela lukhuni. Amagatsha zithathwa kusukela ohlangothini lokunene sihlahla futhi uthathe yizicucu ubude 20-30 cm.
Idiphozi of cuttings kumele ibekwe ku esiqandisini noma amakamelo unheated. Indlela ekahle uwugcine is burrowing singena phakathi eqhweni, kodwa kwamukeleka kuphela ngesikhathi sasebusika, mini ngekhephu. Amagatsha cut ezibekwe ngoplastiki, tie imikhawulo ungaphenduki, ke zihambisana ephepheni esindayo futhi anezikhala metal ukugcina igundane. Lapho agcinwe cuttings esiqandisini kungenziwa zihambisana ngendwangu eswakeme nendawo kucwazi.
Ukuze ehlobo ngokuxhunyelelwa cuttings akudingeki. Zonke ungakwazi ukulungiselela on the spot, futhi ngokushesha lokhu kwenziwa, ngcono kuyoba umsebenzi. Ukuze ukusika igatsha yonyaka ekhethiwe yokubakhona izinga nezinso apula oyifunayo. Ngalo wasusa zonke amaqabunga ke konke kwenziwa ngokuvumelana inqubo ukuxhumelela indlela ekhethiwe.
Zonke izifo futhi zonke izinhlobo apula ezimbi
Akekho balimi asigomekile yokuthi ezinye uhlobo enkingeni kungenzeka indawo yakhe. ukunakekelwa okuhle akusona isiqinisekiso ngokugcwele ukuthi ingadi behlaselwa izinambuzane, izihlahla abadlula isifo, bayobhujiswa ngokuphelele ukhula. Yiqiniso, wazibonela balimi, kahle ukunakekela izitshalo, abhekene nezawo izinkinga ezinjalo, futhi kuyaqabukela ukuthi yini, uma kunesidingo, ngokushesha ukuvikela izihlahla abawuthandayo. Ekuphileni, Awunawo nakho kwabantu, uma ingadi, kubalulekile ngezikhathi ezithile ukuba sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo nezinkinga eziningi.
Veza futhi isihlahla zokuhlobisa ancipha kakhulu yizifo. Wild apula esihlahleni futhi ingaphansi ukungenwa yizifo ezithile. Lesi sitshalo kuthintwa eziphilayo adluliswa esuka isitshalo ukuze isitshalo ophilayo. Kodwa kaningi kakhulu imbangela izifo iyogcwala amanzi amakhowe. Kukhona izifo amaqabunga, izimbali, amahlumela nezithelo, kubangelwa lamagciwane, engibukhulumile ngaso ezweni lakithi kukhona ezifana kungekho ejenti zamakhemikhali owawuyosebenza kahle.
Izifo ezivame kakhulu apula isikhutha, leaf indawo, nokugqwala, uqweqwe nabanye. Ngenxa yalokho lezi zifo apula izihlahla ulahlekelwe amahlamvu zabo ngaphambi kwesikhathi, buthaka. Izimbali iyeke hhayi obuningi kangaka, okuholela ezithela falling. Wendlovu, amagatsha futhi izimpande izitshalo uhlushwa lezi zifo ezilandelayo: isifo somdlavuza black tsitosporovy necrosis, ukubola izimpande kanye iziqu.
Trouble for apula izihlahla yesithwathwa esindayo, isomiso, enhlabathini abampofu ku izakhamzimba. Laba yibo bonke kubathinta kabi ukusebenza zalesi sihlahla. Kulokhu kokuqala ukulimaza, kodwa lezi zifo asithathelwani.
izinambuzane apula
On apula eba izinhlobo kuka 200 izinambuzane eziyingozi ezifana izimpukane, amabhu, mabhungane, izibungu phytophagous. Zidla on izingxenye ezehlukene emthini izinso, efihlekile, amaqabunga, izithelo, futhi kubuhlungu ngempela, iziqu. Njengoba izinambuzane ngokuvamile babonakala izilwane ezincane, okuyizinto nematodes kanye emikhulu - izingwejeje nezinyoni.
Izinambuzane zihlukaniswe amaqembu ezilandelayo: izinambuzane amaqabunga ukudla, oncelayo, nenyongo, abavukuzi basezimayini, noma ekunqandeni izinambuzane xylophagous kanye izinambuzane izithelo. Izinambuzane esivame kakhulu apula isithelo leli bhu apula kanye apula sawfly. Moth isizini ngayinye enikeza izizukulwane ezintathu. isibungu ayo akwazi ukulimaza zonke izithelo apula izihlahla. Malus sylvestris bhu ebusika ukwazi ukufihla ngaphansi amagxolo.
Ukuvikelwa apula izihlahla kusuka nezilokazane
Ukuvikela izihlahla kusuka nezilokazane kudingeka isikhathi, futhi uma engadini ezizimele, ukuzama ukusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane kuphela ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Against izinambuzane abancela isenzo ngempumelelo kufanele amalungiselelo ngezindleko zemithi engamakhambi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokumelene aphid zisebenzisa Iziphungo amaqabunga nezimbali of elderberry herbaceous noma emnyama, camomile Caucasian, izidakamizwa noma lwaseDalmatia.
Omunye izimfanelo sokuthuthukiswa evamile zalesi sihlahla luyanda ukumelana izici kwezemvelo okunomthelela omubi kakhulu ezifana izimo zezulu kanye izinambuzane. Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu, udinga isikhathi ukuze kwenziwe umquba, ukuqhuba izihlahla yonyaka, ababhubhise ukhula. isakhiwo Izinyathelo ezinjalo lobuchwepheshe kuyoqinisa ukuzungeza ubisi kohlelo conduction. Uzokugcwalisa ngokuphelele ihamba egandayiwe isiqu izinambuzane. Kule ndaba, ngeke kokufa izibungu.
Uma kungake kudingeke ubhekane izihlahla ngamakhemikhali, kubalulekile ukugcina zonke izinyathelo zokuphepha, nje ulandele imiyalo ukusetshenziswa ushevu. Qiniseka ukumelana nezikhathi, okwathi ngemva kwalokho izithelo ingagxila e ukudla okusiza ukugcina impilo yabantu. Ingadi ukwelashwa zinambuzane lokuqala kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuqala ubisi ukugeleza.
Ngeshwa, ubuthi sishaye ngeke umsindise engadini kusukela izinambuzane. Ukulwa kwabo iqala ngesikhathi ukuthengwa izithombo, futhi uphethe abanekhono yokuhlanza kwesigaba ekupheleni ekwindla. Kufanele uzame ukukhetha impahla ukutshala okunempilo ukuze ufake ensimini yase izinambuzane nezifo ukuthi ukuvimbela kungcono. Kodwa uma zivela ukuba wenza isinqumo esiwujuqu nesibonisa ngokushesha. Yileso sikhathi kuphela lapho zasendle apula esihlahleni, watshala emgwaqeni noma engadini, wenze emoyeni ihlanzeke kakhulu futhi uphole. Abantu abasondelene, uyozizwa enempilo kakhulu.
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