Vyborg - ezikhangayo edolobheni. Viborg nasezindaweni ezizungezile

isithakazelo Russian hhayi kuphela kuze kufike emizini dolobha. Ngokulinganayo eziyigugu komnikazi encane mlando, ezifana Vyborg. Izikhangibavakashi: Mon Repos Park, emigwaqweni nasezigcawini komuzi azinake ngenxa yobuhle balo nokuhlala nokubaluleka okungokomlando. Namuhla, izivakashi sebebheka esifundeni. It elibamba ezihlukahlukene imikhosi kanye kabusha, kodwa kuze kube manje edolobheni ongakabi zaphenduka okuqinile izivakashi futhi azigcina umphefumulo zawo eziphilayo.

Izikhangibavakashi Viborg nasezindaweni ezizungezile kungenziwa okudliwa ukuhlola izinsuku 2-4 futhi uthole injabulo yangempela ukuxhumana i umlando onjalo ezithakazelisayo futhi lasendulo, ohlala eduze kwalapho.

Ukuvela nemizana

Vyborg, umlando kanye ezikhangayo ukuthi manje amehlo abaningi ngokwengeziwe ososayensi kanye nezivakashi wangena 1293, lapho Vyborg Castle lakhiwa lapha abaseSweden. Kukhona inguqulo futhi esivumelwaneni ngaphambili kule ndawo. Ifuna Novgorod Umdala Gostomysl wadala idolobha lapha behlonipha indodana yakhe wangekhulu lesi-9. Kukhona imivubukulo, okuyinto ukufakazela ukuthi ngisho esikhathini Stone Age kwakukhona abantu lasendulo. Kodwa ukuvela endaweni yokuhlala unomphela ukuhlala waloba kuphela kumadokhumenti isiSwidi, ngakho usuku esemthethweni okuvela Vyborg kuyinto ekupheleni kwekhulu le-13.

Imivubukulo uqinisekise ukuthi ekuqaleni nenkulungwane yokuqala esifundeni wahlala izizwe, ngokuthi Karelia. Basuke ngenkuthalo adayiswa nabahlali Novgorod abathengisi Dutch namalungu le Hanseatic League, ezingelwa izinhlanzi. Emkhakheni Vyborg sethu izimpahla - redoubt, okuyinto kwaku onogada lokuhambisana izimpahla. indawo evumayo kakhulu yabalindi iphuzu wadonsela abaseSweden eyakha Castle esiqhingini itshe inqaba.

Swedish isikhathi empilweni Vyborg

Vyborg - ngesikhathi seMpi Yenkolo Okwesithathu ezweni Karelia ku wabaholi inkosi Swedish enqabeni esiqhingini castle-inqaba lamiswao. Izithombe edolobheni, izindawo ezikhanga izivakashi futhi izikhumbuzo zomlando ezisasele namuhla, amandla ukuzwa, okuyinto ayesakha. Lokhu eliqaphile okunokwethenjelwa wahlala ungenakunqotshwa amakhulu eminyaka, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abantu Novgorod wenza imizamo ungqongqoze abaseSweden kusukela Vyborg. Castle luhlala, zandiswa futhi 1403 King of Sweden ukhishwa komnikazi isimo edolobheni. Indawo ekahle Vyborg ngokushesha yaphenduka esikhulu kwezohwebo. Idolobhana lalibuswa umbusi Swedish, wayenobuhlobo ukuzimela esikhulu, inkosi yefilakisi Plateau (intela), kodwa uyagijima kungenjalo-dolobha.

Ngo 1442 ikhanda lomuzi wema Karl Knutsson Bunde ngubani siguqulwe edolobheni iminyaka eyisithupha. Lapho-ke Vyborg Castle kwaba enhle kunazo eSweden. Imeya ungeze kwemibhoshongo ezimbalwa, amakamelo Knights amasu ukuvuselela wezangaphakathi. Ngo-1525, leli dolobha wasuka Bala von Goya, owayeyilungu eyisihlobo Inkosi yase-Sweden. Naye emzini wathela ukugeleza esikhulu sabantu abavela le Hanseatic League: Bremen, Hamburg, eLübeck. City ikhula asemahle futhi acebile. amabutho Russian siqhubeke uzame ukunqoba Vyborg, kodwa njalo lapho ngiye behluleka. Phakathi Northern neMpi Vyborg kwaba angumtfombo usongo enhlokodolobha entsha Russia - Petersburg. Petr Veliky e 1706 mathupha wahola Ukuvinjezelwa komuzi, kodwa kwaba nhlanga zimuka nomoya. Kwaba kuphela 1710, ngenxa yemizamo ehlelekile balelo butho nezinye lasolwandle Vyborg sathathwa amabutho isiRashiya, futhi 1721-m, ngoba Isivumelwano Yokuthula, bajoyine Empire Russian.

kuhanjiswa Russian

Ukuya lapho isibuyele eRussia, Vyborg baba maphakathi Usigaxamabhande wesifunda kanye ne-port entsha Russian. Ngaphandle komuzi agcinwayo eziningi izinzuzo: kuqhubeka ukusebenza umthetho isiSwidi, izakhamizi avunyelwe ukugcina ukholo lwabo iLuthela, kwakungekho serfdom. In the new city Russian abathengisi Masinyane yangena ishesha, lempi. Lesi sivumelwano iqala yanda. It eyakhelwe Petersburg Vyborg likaPondo.

Ezikhangayo esemqoka emzini Vyborg naleso sikhathi - isakhiwo yokuhlala, ingxenye entsha nenqaba. Kusukela 1730 kuya 1741 ekwakheni asebenzayo, wakha ingxenye entsha le nqaba. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le nqaba Vyborg ngakho balithole ithuba ukuhlola ezivikelweni zabo ezintsha empini. Mhlawumbe yingakho emzini Vyborg ezikhangayo walondoloza kahle kuze kube namuhla. ukuthuthukiswa okusha, naphezu oda Russian ezimisiwe kanye nokugcina izici Europe. Ikakhulukazi ngoba abakhi Iningi abaseSweden, amaJalimane, Scandinavians. Ngo 1811 Isifundazwe Vyborg siyingxenye ye Duchy of Finland. Ngu-1910, zingaphezu kuka-80% abantu bakuleli batholakale babe Finns.

City kubhekene kuhlangana eside Amaqembu ezizwe, engesiyo ngaphandle zimpi yayo futhi indiza, kodwa kancane kancane kwaba khona umoya ekhethekile has njalo esihlukile ezivamile Vyborg amadolobha Russian yesifundazwe. Ngemva ukuvukela kwezinceku Decembrists ambalwa abavukeli babebulawa ithunyelwa Vyborg inqaba, futhi kwathinta umoya edolobheni. Engxenyeni kwekhulu le-19 yesibili, idolobha iza ujantshi iqala gasification nokufakelwa kwegezi. Yena ihlangabezana nokukhula ngokushesha komnotho kanye isibe ngobukhulu ubukhulu.

Vyborg futhi Finland

Ngo-1917, emva kwempi e-Russia, Vyborg ngenkuthalo angene ukuguqulwa wamavukelambuso. Ngemva isimemezelo aseFinland yokuzibusa ngaphandle Russian idolobha liya isimo esisha. Waphinde ushintshe Ukwakheka yobuhlanga. manje Kukhona ubuswa labantu Finnish, kanye isiRashiya, isi-German kanye Swedish ziyancipha kakhulu. Kodwa nokuthuthukisa umuzi uyaqhubeka. Ngokushesha umakhi O. Meurman kudala ubunye iphrojekthi ye dolobha nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Ngakho kukhona Vyborg enkulu. ezikhangayo Yemvelo manje kufakwe imikhawulo edolobheni. Ngaleso sikhathi, le ndawo aluthola isimo enhlokodolobha kwamasiko Finland, it is wakha okuningi ezemidlalo, ezamasiko kanye izakhiwo zethempeli.

Vyborg idolobha ezikhangayo kwalesi sikhathi namanje yakha inkazimulo yayo: ingobo yomlando wesifunda, umtapo wezincwadi entsha, ubuciko Museum - konke lokhu isiphetho wanezelwa kakhulu.

Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili

Ngo-1939 waqala empini Russian-Finnish, nomuzi Vyborg ezihehayo okuyinto basengozini yokuba zone lokulwa. Active imisebenzi lempi iRed Army kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi Karelian Isthmus nge edolobheni sekudlule ezandleni zombuso waseSoviet Union. Ngo-1941 e Vyborg wabuyela empini, kanye iRed Army waphoqeleka ukuba esandleni le Finns. Karelian Isthmus iminyaka Kufika 44 ubudala ilawulwa Finnish amabutho ahlomile. Phakathi yabambana ngezihluthu, Juni 20, 1944 Vyborg wadedelwa. Ezayo nenkathi enzima ka-yokutakula. Vyborg, ezikhangayo okuyinto bahlupheka kakhulu phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, wahlupheka impahla omkhulu futhi ukulahlekelwa kwamasiko.

Nenkathi yamaSoviet

Ekupheleni kwempi iqala umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo ezinde. Zabulawa ezehlela Vyborg. Izithombe komuzi, nokuzwa kanye izakhiwo kuyinto Wawethusa - bakha ingxenye enkulu yabamemezeli emzaneni lalibhidlike. Kodwa iziphathimandla nabantu abenza umzamo titanic, futhi omuzi aqala ukuvuseleleka. Ngo-1947 yena wadala icebo isakhiwo esisha, babeka phezu ezindaweni okuhlalwa kuzo, amabhizinisi ezimbonini. Imigwaqo eminingi uqambe kabusha ukuze singathwesi ukhunjuzwe esedlule leli dolobha. Vyborg ozuza kuvamile emadolobheni Soviet. Esikhathini 60s kwabonakala omakhelwane eliphezulu liphumele izakhiwo, abuyiselwe isakhiwo isitokwe ubudala, ekwakheni izakhiwo ezintsha kwamasiko.

Kusukela ngo-1950 edolobheni iba ezikhangayo izivakashi, futhi kuningi ukuheha kubo. Ngo-1988, it wanquma ukusungula State Museum-Reserve - Mon Repos Park.

Vyborg yesimanje

City okwamanje ngenkuthalo ubuyisela izimpande kwalo ngokomlando, efuna ukuheha izivakashi. Ngezenzo ukuthola uxhumano ne amazwe ukuthi zinomlando munye Vyborg - Sweden, Norway, Finland. Ngo-1999, i-UNESCO kwenza Central Library ohlwini lezinto abadinga nokuvikelwa kanye nokwesekwa. Ngo-2000, inkampani ngenkuthalo kabusha. City, elikhishiwe kwezinye izinguqulo ukubukeka zomlando lezinto ezinengi eladonsa mlando ukunyakaza komphakathi. Ngo Vyborg njalo ayeba nemikhosi abanamasiko yobuhlanga, ekwakhiweni kabusha enkulu zezenzakalo ezingokomlando.

Vyborg - ezikhangayo idolobha

Umlando ocebile le ndawo ushiye izibazi eziningi ekubukekeni kwakhe. Vyborg ezikhangayo idolobha zikuvumela ukubona isiko esiyingqayizivele multi-ungqimba, kwakhiwa lapha. Effect isiRashiya, isi-German, isiko Swedish kanye Finnish ingatholakala izikhumbuzo ezithakazelisayo kakhulu yezakhiwo. Isibhakabhaka emigwaqo endala yedolobha sifana wenkathi ephakathi, lo muzwa okuthuthukiswa Ukuvakashela Vyborg Castle. Sinesithakazelo ngokukhethekile kukhona ezikhangayo zemvelo, amaqembu sculptural engavamile futhi eyingqayizivele.

Vyborg castle

Lesi sakhiwo endala yedolobha - enqabeni, okwathi nakuba ukuhlolwa eziningi, sigcinwe kahle. Kusukela izindonga enqabeni linikeza ukubukwa elimangalisayo Vyborg. Kokubona, amakheli engatholwa kunoma iyiphi incwajana hambo, manje enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba ubone yonke amandla ithalenta abakhi isiSwidi Russian. Izindonga zomuzi kukhona ukujiya yesiteleka ukunemba wokwakha, futhi umbhoshongo walilondoloza -Rayskaya futhi bezicathulo - umxhwele ngoba ukuphakama kwalo kanye nokuphelela.

Izindlu castle igugu real - Olaf umbhoshongo ukuphakama cishe 50 metres, isisekelo sayo ayizange ithuthuke kusukela ngekhulu le-13, temandla engenhla zabuye zakhiwa maphakathi nekhulu le-19. Futhi enqabeni kuwufanele ukunaka House Usigaxamabhande, eyayiseSwitzerland abake bayeka uPetru.

Clock umbhoshongo

Okubonwayo komuzi (Vyborg) kanye nencazelo umlando wabo - incwadi izakhiwo kanye futhi izinkambiso zakulelo zwe kweqiniso. The Clock Tower iyona umbhoshongo insimbi, lonke ibandla of St Mary kanye Olaf, eyakhiwa ngekhulu le-15. Wasinda ngokuyisimangaliso futhi ngesikhathi kubhujiswa ithempeli ngo-umlilo 1793, futhi ngesikhathi impi kweMpi Yezwe II. Ngesikhathi senqaba amanga itshe elikhulu, futhi iwashi iyasebenza kusukela ngekhulu le-19. Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu sezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu komlando Vyborg.

ezikhangayo yemvelo

Mon Repos Park - sokuhlala yangaphambili kwezicebi Swedish - ingenye endala futhi emuhle kakhulu landscape amapaki eYurophu. Kwakuhlanganiswa avumelanayo emihumeni, amahlathi, amawa, izimpophoma, amachibi. Dead esiqhingini langa nge castle zokuhlobisa etholakala phakathi echibini futhi kwenza kwakuhlala isikhathi eside. Ngokuthakazelisayo Manor indlu main - esakhiweni sezingodo isitayela classic, kanye umelekeleli umtapo - isibonelo ezingavamile lokhuni izakhiwo usadbennoy. Lezi walondoloza ngokuyisimangaliso isakhiwo wangekhulu le-18 kuyinto izikhumbuzo liyigugu kakhulu.

Eduze Vyborg kukhona enye indawo yemvelo azinake - leli chibi intermountain encane. Kuyinto isibonelo uhlobo avumelanayo enyakatho, futhi ubuhle acwebile landscape futhi kuthule benza le ndawo okungcono kakhulu yonke enye ingxenye yomuzi. Ungase futhi kube isikhathi esihle bedoba.

yezakhiwo

Vyborg ezikhangayo ocebile nezinye. Lezi zihlanganisa i-Round Tower, yobudala efanayo njengoba Castle. ukubukeka kwakhe sekuwuphawu liyabonakala komuzi. Umbhoshongo yakhiwa kuleli maphakathi nekhulu le-16 njengengxenye izinqaba udonga. I ububanzi we izakhiwo 20 metres, ukushuba we izindonga - 4 amamitha. Kuyinto brainchild yasenyakatho ngasekupheleni Gothic, lapho amasampula Zimbalwa kakhulu eRussia.

Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral - esinye isihloko Vyborg nokuziqhenya. It imiqhele ukubukeka avumelanayo Cathedral Square futhi isakhiwo aphelele isitayela classic. Ukuhlela ukwakheka N. eLvov e okuklama wazama lonke ukulandela izimiso A. Palladio, cishe yokukopisha ukwakhiwa yayo. Ithempeli lakhiwa ngo-1786, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngaphansi umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo.

Church of St Hyacinth -. Isakhiwo Gothic kwekhulu le-16, okuyinto omunye omdala emzini. Isonto, eyaziwa ngokuthi endlini Knight yakhonza njengoba ithempeli, sezindela esikoleni, guest house. Namuhla kungokwalabo ohlwini lezinto zamasiko ivikelwe isimo.

Ungase futhi ushayele ezikhangayo kwedolobha Vyborg, amakheli okuyinto afakiwe kumhlahlandlela ngamunye njengomuntu eziyinkimbinkimbi ezakhiwo Cathedral Square, kwakheka kwekhulu le-18, Vyborg kwaMuhle, elakhiwa ngo-Maphakathi nekhulu le-17 e-Neo-Renaissance isitayela, Annenkrone - izindonga ezakhiwe uPeter Omkhulu ngu.

Ukuthola lapho

Viborg senyakatho Petersburg, eduze komngcele Finnish. Thola ke indlela elula esuka Petersburg. Lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela eziningi:

Ngemoto. Ibanga ukusuka Saint Petersburg kuyinto 130 km.

Ebhasini. Kusukela sebhasi "North" kane Shuttle usuku Ibhasi Svetlogorsk, okuyinto uyama Vyborg. Futhi, amabhasi ukusebenzisa kusukela metro station "Parnas" esiteshini. Isikhathi sokuhamba - amahora angaba ngu-2.

Esitimeleni. Nge Finland Station isuka kathathu isitimela usuku ngesivinini ukuze Vyborg. Isikhathi sokuhamba - 1 ihora nemizuzu engu-15.