Uyini siqu idatha yebhayomethrikhi futhi ayesebenzisa lapho?

Ngaphambili, lokhu kungenzeka kuphela kubonakala hlola amabhayisikobho: hero ubeka umunwe wakhe inzwa - kanye Umnyango uyavuleka. Namuhla, lobuchwepheshe ngokoqobo, ngoba ithuba ukuba iqoqe, igcine futhi isebenzise idatha yomuntu siqu, yebhayomethrikhi. Kuyini lokhu?

biometry

Ukubukela amabhayisikobho eqanjiwe lapho izinhlamvu uxhumana "ikhaya smart" noma anikeze imiyalo yokufakelwa intelligence mkhathi, izethameli akuvamile cabanga abe kolunye uhlangothi lwawo le nkinga, isibonelo, ngabe uhlelo ulalela bonke. Mancane kakhulu amathuba okuba i-Empeleni, kuphela iyaphendula izwi yenkosi yakhe. Lokhu kufezwa ngokusebenzisa ibhayomethrikhi, ongagcini ngempela. Ngakho, yini lo ucezu eqanjiwe, sesivele abe ngokoqobo?

Ibhayomethrikhi - kungcono ukuqashelwa abantu ohlelweni. Kusekelwe phezu esingokwemvelo azifani, ngakho ayeke by, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, "ngaphansi elinye igama lomsebenzisi" ngeke aphumelele, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuba iphasiwedi inkohliso, futhi manje kuyacaca ukuthi kungani.

Yiziphi izinto?

Idatha yalolu hlobo zihlanganisa yiluphi ulwazi ukuthi lingalinganiswa, njengoba ngokwemvelo kokuziphatha noma buyinkimbinkimbi. Ngamanye amazwi, noma yimuphi umuntu ipharamitha ukuthi ungaboniswa amagugu ngokuphelele, kungenziwa kubhekwe njengento idatha yebhayomethrikhi.

Sinenkosi eziningana izakhiwo ezithile okubenza yigugu kangaka.

• Ziyakwazi esiyingqayizivele. DNA umuntu ngamunye eyedwa, kanye zeminwe noma iris iphethini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akekho omunye angasebenzisa "iphasiwedi" ngaphandle kwemvume nolwazi yomnikazi.
• Ziyakwazi jikelele. Yebhayomethrikhi idatha yomuntu siqu - lena nezakhi ezihlukene umuntu azalwa nalo lokuhlaziya ngokuphelele bonke abantu.
• Ziyakwazi ezingeguquleke. Akunakwenzeka ukuba "hlela" le iminwe, futhi awukwazi ukushintsha isimo sezwi noma i-DNA.

Konke kulezi zici ekuhlanganisweni ukwenza lolu hlobo ulwazi iyasiza, uma ucabanga mayelana nokuqoqwa jikelele kanye storage of idatha ngenxa yezizathu ezehlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, izigebengu ayikwazi bephunyuka esijezisweni. Kodwa namanje akude kakhulu ukudala database global.

izinhlobo zedatha

Kuze kube manje, asebenzisa ngayo ngokuphumelelayo izinhlobo eziningana ibhayomethrikhi: yeminwe, izwi, i-retina noma iris amehlo, kanye ukutholwa kobuso ne-DNA. Nokho, lokhu kuyinto uhlu lokukhethwa kukho kungenzeka akugcini. Esikhathini ubuchwepheshe ikusasa futhi basebenzisane iphunga noma, isibonelo, Gait izici nobuntu nokuziphatha, inqubo kwemibhalo ukusayina, nokunye. D. Ngakho, izici kungenzeka hhayi kuphela static, kodwa futhi ashukumisayo.

By endleleni, ngo-inqubo kokutadisha izici ezithile zomuntu bokuphila, kwaba sobala ukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, i-retina kule umthamo asifanele njengoba iphethini semithambo kungashintshwa, kanye inikeza ulwazi mayelana nesimo sempilo, okuyinto akufanele kube. Lokhu ngokungaqondile ikhuthaze ekuthuthukiseni kakhudlwana futhi imithi.

indaba

Umngcele we ezivamile asetshenziswe isikhathi eside, ingabe wagingqa izithupha. idatha Fingerprint kakade ababewazi futhi inqubo yokubuyiswa zabo okwesikhathi eside liyadingeka hhayi ngenxa yalabo esolwa ubugebengu, kodwa futhi ngabantu abayizakhamuzi ezejwayelekile, isibonelo, emsebenzini wokukhiqiza imibhalo ethile.

Umqondo wukuthi iphethini papillary, okungukuthi, emgqeni asesandleni abo, ahlukile ngamunye, wethulwa ekhulwini XIX uWilliam Herschel. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abeka phambili umbono ka ubunjalo zeminwe futhi akuzange wathola esanele, fingerprinting kabanzi lisetshenziswe isayensi forensic. Mhlawumbe kwakungenxa yena owaqala imibono ukuhlonza esasiyovulela esekela idatha yebhayomethrikhi.

iqoqo

Ngubani inqubo ezivame kakhulu ngokuthatha zeminwe esinge elektroniki namkha ngomhlobo bendabuko. Esimweni sokuqala lisebenzisa nemishini ekhethekile yokuthungatha ezenza eliphezulu isithombe sedijithali, okuyinto ke iguqulwe, okwesibili - upende okhethekile. ukuqashelwa Face liyasetshenziswa ngokukhethekile izithombe - isibonelo, eRussia abakwenzayo manje ukuze ubeke idatha yebhayomethrikhi e entsha ipasipoti isizukulwane phesheya.

Izinqubo zokulondoloza

Uma iqoqo idatha yebhayomethrikhi akuyona inkinga enjalo, indalo kanye nokubuyekeza okuqhubekayo kanye nokugcinwa database eyodwa, cishe ibhekisela imisebenzi langempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona isidingo isiqondiso wezomthetho ukufinyelela lolo lwazi futhi ikhono ukusebenza ke, kuhlanganise ukudluliselwa besithathu.

Kusobala ukuthi ulwazi lomuntu siqu olufana edinga isivikelo sina. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-database uma yonke imininingwane uzobe eyodwa seziqala kubo, kufanele kube njengoba ephephile njengoba isici womuntu kumele kuyehla kube sezingeni eliphansi. Okungukuthi, ukucutshungulwa idatha yomuntu siqu yebhayomethrikhi kumelwe zenzeke, ngokuvamile, kwimodi okuzenzakalelayo.

Noma kunjalo, eRussia kuze le nkinga ingakasombululeki, naphezu ukutholwa ngo 2006 Yomthetho 152-FZ, obhekisela kuhlanganise nathi ngalokho kwaziswa, azikho iziqondiso ezicacile mayelana nemithetho wesitoreji ne-transmission okwamanje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukho ukulawula inqubo ukusebenza lolu hlobo ulwazi, nakuba ezinye ejensi wombuso Sekuyisikhathi eside wahlanganyela iqoqo wakhe. Ngakho, abantu abavamile cishe qiniseka ngokuphelele ngabo ulwazi izandla ephephile, futhi abakwazi ngisho kuhlole.

Lapho esetshenziswa?

Kusukela idatha yebhayomethrikhi ihlukile umuntu ngamunye, okusekelwe kuyo elula kakhulu ukukhomba umuntu izidingo ezahlukene.

Kuleli zwe lanamuhla, empeleni lo luyasetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene ukufinyelela izinhlelo kanye imibhalo siqu. Kuze kube manje, ukuqoqwa yiluphi ulwazi ephathelene idatha efana Kwenziwa, isibonelo, kwamanye amazwe ukuthola iphasiphothi noma i-visa ukuhamba phesheya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu amafoni yesimanje mobile, amaphilisi, computer namanye amadivayisi futhi babe umsebenzi uvula ephendula, isibonelo, ukufunda ukuqashelwa zeminwe noma ubuso. Ngakho ukuthi Ukuvikelwa yebhayomethrikhi idatha isikhathi eside - hhayi nje zobuchwepheshe-sci-fi-movie. Izinqubo zanamuhla uvumele ukuhlukanisa ngisho amawele enkundleni eyodwa noma ngaphezulu nemingcele kulinganiswa ngokuzenzakalela ne ngezinga ngokwanele eliphakeme lokunemba.

Ngamanye amazwi, idatha yebhayomethrikhi lomuntu - lena iphasiwedi enamandla kakhulu ukuthi ayikwazi ukushintshwa, futhi ukuthola kunakuqala ukuqashelwa ubuchwepheshe ezifana nokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kuya into ngokuphelele engenakwenzeka. Nokho, inkinga iwukuthi uma kwenzeke avuze kusukela database, kuyoba inkinga kubi ngoba, njengoba kuye kwashiwo, i- "iphasiwedi" ukushintsha akunakwenzeka.

Mshini ngaleyo ndlela kahle elula: lapho kukhona ngesisekelo isithenjwa isampula uqhathaniswa idatha etholwe idatha kudivayisi inzwa, futhi uma kukhona lokungafani ezibucayi, isibawo sokufikelela kwenqatshiwe, kanti uma kungenjalo - yamukelwe. Ngokwemvelo, kukhona amathuba inhlabamkhosi eyiphutha noma ukuhluleka, kodwa kuncike izinga nokunemba ekumisweni kwamazinga kanye uzwela olwanele we inzwa. Yiqiniso, inhlanganisela izindlela eziningana ukuqashelwa kakhulu kwandisa ukunemba isiyonke ukuhlonza.

Pro ne con

Njengoba kunoma yiluphi olunye udaba, uma kuziwa idatha yomuntu siqu, futhi ikakhulukazi idatha yebhayomethrikhi, abantu zihlukaniswe amakamu amabili: abasekeli kanye nezitha.

Labo umusa isingeniso ekuqaleni of jikelele yokuqinisekisa biometrical, phikisana isikhundla salo ukuthi uzokwenza umphakathi ephephile, nokunciphisa ubugebengu. Thola umuntu ulahlekile ngeke kube nobunzima, ngoba iyiphi uhlelo yezokuphepha ngeke bona khona yayo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, a baxgeki bathi, okokuqala, ngisho ukuvuza elincane lolu hlobo idatha kungaba ezibucayi, futhi okwesibili, njengoba azikho preconditions ngokudalwa ngohlaka lomthetho ongaxazulula izinkinga eziningi kulo mkhakha. Ekugcineni, abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kuzodala ithuba ohulumeni ukuba angenelele nokuphila kwangasese ezakhamuzi zayo, okuyinto akwamukeleki.

amathemba

Noma kunjalo, ubuchwepheshe esekelwe lolu hlobo ulwazi, laqhubeka nomsebenzi walo wokusungula, futhi le nqubo constrains kuphela izindleko zabo esikhundleni esiphakeme. Cishe ngo-ukulethwa engenzeki ikusasa idatha yebhayomethrikhi kuyoba kuphoqelekile bonke abantu ngothi lwabo, futhi kuzodala database olunzulu. Ukuze ungubani umuntu ngamunye izoboshezelwa ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngamasethingi yayo. Loku kutawuniketa litfuba labo bonkhe ukulahla imibhalo iphepha ungubani futhi kuzovumela ngiyikhohlwe umqondo ezifana izinkinobho kanye sivala ngomqondo ezivamile.

By the way, ngokuvamile kanye ibhayomethrikhi basho futhi igawula. Nokho, lendlela yokubona ingasebenzi abaphikisi okuningi, ngoba ngosizo chips ithungwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba umuntu, ngeke sikwazi azigcini ngokubalula, kodwa futhi ukuze ulawule uphinde ushintshe esimweni saso. Lokhu ngombono asaba abantu sesimanje ukuze iningi dystopia sibhekisela kule isilinganiso njengoba kahle abavamile. Kodwa lokho kungenye indaba.