Umshini PCA - Ukucaciswa lobuchwepheshe. Submachine isibhamu Shpagin

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, iSoviet Union wazizwa ukuntula kahle ahlomile, okungenani ekuqaleni. Lapho amabutho kaHitler wasebenzisa zakamuva ngesikhathi idivayisi, amasosha ethu kwadingeka ezihambisanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu baba nomuzwa abampofu kokudla kanye ngezikhali ezifana amachashazi ukuze izibhamu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi impi oqeqeshwe amaNazi namaKhomanisi usilungiselele kahle amasosha empi ashaqe cishe wonke kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ngokuvamile, singasho ukuthi eU.SSR yayingawulungele impi.

isikhali

Nokho, nabaqambi Soviet baziqambela izindlela ezintsha basungula izinhlobo ezahlukene izikhali ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi. Stalin wabona kusengaphambili ukuthi maduze amaJalimane lalizoqhamuka lizwe. Futhi ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili wadala izinhlobo ezintsha imishini kanye izingalo ezincane, okuyinto ngqo neqhaza empini, lwanele kokukhumbula abadumile BM-13 noma "Katyusha", owesaba amabutho ezitha nomlilo wabo. Kwakunezinye futhi izikhali ukuthi bahlale imemori zamasosha nozalo lwabo, ezifana ithangi T-34. Enye yalezi kungenziwa ngokuthi isibhamu sub-umshini Shpagin noma, njengoba zibizwa kanjalo, PCA othomathikhi. Imininingwane kwakhe kwakukhona ezinye ukuboniswa ngaleso sikhathi.

indaba

Ngo-1940, okuningi bekulokhu kucace bhá ukuthi nempi ezayo, okuyinto uyothwala izimpilo zezakhamuzi eziningi zaseSoviet. Nokho, abantu abaningi babekholelwa ukuthi ayenganqobeki iRed Army. Ngeshwa, lokhu kwakungenjalo. AmaJalimane babe kangcono impi. Yiqiniso, amabutho abo sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi namandla kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Umshini ukuthi analogue engcono, kwaba nje kunesidingo. Wayengumuntu uyakufanelekela ukuba baziphathe enkundleni yempi, hhayi ukuba ngivule ezimweni ezimbi sezulu, ngokuvamile, endaweni yonke. Namuhla, enkundleni yempi, ikakhulukazi emazweni CIS kukhona amasampula PCA. They zuza ibe Museum.

GS Shpagin wazalwa ngo-1897, washona ngo-1952. Yaba umklami we edume ngesibhamu submachine, ogama lakhe behlonipha yakhe. Ngo-1940-ke iye yamukelwa PCA othomathikhi. Imininingwane nefomethi ke amazinga, ngakho-ke ngokushesha sandile ibutho, eba ngomunye ethandekayo kakhulu ibutho. Ukuchaza kwayo, nje kwanele ukusho ukuthi amakhophi amaningi banikezwe. imishini engaphezu kwengu-6 million. Lona omunye ethandwa kakhulu izikhali emlandweni. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kwamanye amazwe, i-PCA kwaba enkonzweni kuze kube manje, okungukuthi, ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi ayisikhombisa indalo yayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi-sub-machine gun kwakukuhle ngempela. Okulandelayo izokwethulwa kuya PCA kudivayisi - incazelo, umlando, ukusebenza.

umklami owaziwa izikhali edume GS Shpagin wazalelwa emaphandleni uVladimir esifundeni. Nokukhiqizwa kokusungulwa izikhali ezahlukene elalihlangane nabo impi, elalisendlini 1916. Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe I waqala ukusebenza njengoba gunsmith. Lapho esethathe umhlalaphansi ebuthweni njengoba umakhenikha ngesikhathi izingalo ifektri, lapho ahlangana khona thishela wakhe esikhathini esizayo V A. Degtyarevym.

Phakathi nempi Finland, okuyinto iphazanyiswe seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, kwathiwa waphawula ukuthi ukulwa submachine izibhamu ukukhombisa kahle ngokwabo. Ngakho-ke Shpagin futhi Shpitalnaya, futhi owayengumphathi umklami, okwethulwa ezinguqulweni zabo izikhali kuhulumeni. Njengoba ungase ukuqagela, isampuli sikhethwe Shpagin. Ngokuthakazelisayo, kokubili isibhamu isibhamu-umshini babe bucishe bulingane empini ukusebenza. Inhloso umklami kwaba lula futhi sinciphise izindleko a PDP-40, okuyinto wadala Degtyaryov. Kodwa iphupho main kwaba ukudala umshini Shpagin isitembu. Le ndlela yokukhiqiza yanda kakhulu ukukhiqizwa.

izixazululo ezithakazelisayo design

Kuwufanele sokunaka design ezithakazelisayo izixazululo ku PCA (ngesibhamu submachine Shpagin). Uhlolojikelele inikezwa ngemuva kwalokhu. Zonke izazi ngesikhathi bamangala futhi acasuke ukuthi akekho wakhuphuka nayo ngaphambili. Wotho ukunquma bezinhlamvu abadlale indima a ukubopha nomlomo futhi compensator. Ngakho, ngendlela elula kakhulu inkinga ixazululiwe nge umthelela, ejikijela phezulu izingalo futhi enesisindo umshini. Shpagin phelelisa ukudalwa komfundisi wakhe, odlulele ke. PCA unembile okuningi oqine ukwedlula PDP. Singasho ukuthi kwaba omunye abameleli lokuqala le mishini, okuyinto zonke ujwayele ukubona.

Umlilo angase eliqhutshwa, isibhamu single kanye Ukuvutha. Shpagin ithole lakhe othomathikhi WWII PCA-41 kwaba lula ukukhiqiza kabili ngaphandle PDP.

Kunganjani PPD

PP Shpagin kwaba enemisebenzi kakhulu futhi izici kangcono lobuchwepheshe ngaphandle PDP. Kodwa kungani yokugcina wayiswa wokubuyekeza jikelele abaklami? Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi enkulu ekwakhekeni ukukhiqizwa PCB behlisa ngokuphawulekayo, okuyinto wayemubi kakhulu phakathi nempi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye abiza imali eningi, futhi lokhu akwamukelekile esibucayi. Kule ndaba, uhulumeni futhi ucele yokuthuthukisa PDP noma udale nomshini omusha. A PCA yena, ngakolunye uhlangothi, waba design elula. Uma kudingeka, iyiphi isitshalo umshini wokwakha ukushintshela ukudalwa lokhu ngesibhamu submachine.

Uma ngokuya umshini futhi Shpagin Shpitalniy babe bucishe bulingane, ekuhlolweni kokuqala endaweni wazibonakalisa okuningi kangcono. It manufacturability nezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokusisebenzisa alethwe ngowokuqala othomathikhi PCA-41 Ukucaciswa ephinde ayengase aphakame.

umklomelo

igama Shpagin immortalized le Igama lomshini. Kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, umklami okukhulu waklonyeliswa Stalin Prize bezinga lokuqala kanye Order of Lenin. imiklomelo High abangu ahlonishwe. Shpagin negalelo elikhulu enkululekweni ukuze ukunqoba laba bahlaseli undlovukayiphikiswa. isampula 1941, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i SCB-41 iye yasetshenziswa ezingxabanweni. Yilokho kuye inani ezingaphezu kuka-6 million izingcezu ezikhiqizwa e-USSR.

isithunzi

PCA-41 kwaba isikhali omuhle. Shpagin wayefuna ukwenza PCB, ukudalwa okuyinto babengeke isikhathi esincane kanye nemali. wakwenza. Zonke izingxenye, ngaphandle umgqomo ayengase enziwe makhaza ngokucindezela kusuka eshidini steel. Futhi esetshenziswa endaweni futhi arc Welding, futhi izipikili ahlukahlukene. Kwadingeka iphendukele machining ukudala umgqomo, okuyinto kakhulu kwawukhinyabeza umsebenzi. izingxenye silula lokhuni futhi anda ijubane ukukhiqizwa umshini iyonke. Yiqiniso, omunye inzuzo yikhono zihlangana futhi ukuqaqa ngesibhamu submachine ngaphandle ukufakwa kokumqoka kuphela. Ngakho-ke, i-PCA kwakulula ukulungisa noma ohlanzekile ngisho ngaphansi kwezimo ukulwa. Ngokuvamile, le mishini yayithatha kwaba yilapho omunye Kulula ukwenza kanye divayisi mended kalula futhi zibiza imali encane.

izinhlamvu

Ekuqaleni PCA-41 kwaba ifakwe disk esitolo kuyafana nalokho we-PDP-40. umthamo kwawo kwakunjengokwetshe 71 igobolondo. Kwakucishe ingxenye ezibizayo kakhulu ngesibhamu submachine Shpagin. Sasiphathelene ibhokisi esitolo, isigubhu kanye iminenke. Ngo ukulwa, akunakwenzeka ukuba sithwale magazini disc ezandleni zabo, ngakho le njongo wadala kuthebhu ezisiza bese ulinamathisela ibhande yakho. I cartridges zafakwa okufanayo ezimbili imigqa noma usakaze ngaphakathi ingaphandle cochlea. Ngenxa entwasahlobo yena sasenza. Uma iphelile irowu elingaphandle cartridges ngumuntu Element ngawakhamela ngaphakathi.

Yini embi ngalo inqubo ende ukulayisha esitolo, okuyinto kwakungenakwenzeka izimo mkhakha, ngoba amasosha egqoka futhi esikhundleni ezitolo. Nokho-ke, kube sasetshenziswa, ibhokisi, owawungumnyaka kuwusizo kakhudlwana futhi ashibhile, kodwa kusukela ngo-1944 kuphela. Lezi zitolo unenani 35 imizuliswano, kodwa okuningi ngokushesha bephethe amasha. Calibre izinhlamvu Kwakumelwe bakhethe 7,62 mm noma 7,62x25 mm.

emehlweni

Nakuba PCA-41 futhi waba umshini elula kakhulu ilula kakhulu futhi ezishibhile ekukhiqizeni, it is njalo ngcono. Lena kwenzakaleni ngesibhamu. Ekuqaleni efakwe nokuzwa evulekile wemboni, okuyinto ivumela umlilo at ibanga amamitha 500. Khona-ke, senqatshwa njengoba esingesihle ezimweni ukulwa futhi wathola ngaphezu ushintsho-phezu kwamehlo elula ezingemuva, nalo ongaxoshwa kuphela at ibanga 100-200 amamitha, kuye ngokuthi nesibekandzaba. Omunye angase acabange ukuthi uhla kwe-agumenti yayo Nokho, PCA-41, nakuba has a high lolu hlobo ukunemba umlilo izingalo, kungabalula 100% kunembile ngaleso amamitha 500. BOB Okuhlangenwe nakho kuye kwabonisa ukuthi insika PP kuthuthukisa izinga kuphela.

ekupheleleni

PCA njalo nabantu abacabanga kanjalo izinguquko kanye nokuthuthukisa. Ngaphezu okungenhla kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngo-1944 esitolo ukuze ugcine isikhathi nemali kwaqala ukukhiqizwa endaweni ukushuba mm 1 kuphela. Futhi, i-chromium Plating emgqonyeni senziwa, okwakwenza kube lula ukuthola ukuphepha PP ngisho yokuhlanza ukungabi komsebenzi. Ngakho-ke, izici nokusebenza PCA-41 uphakeme ngakho.

nezinye izici

Imininingwane PCA-41 (submachine isibhamu Shpagina) Ngesineke ngokuningiliziwe ngemuva kwalokhu. Umlilo lwenziwe isampula amachashazi 1930 noma olulodwa noma Ukuvutha, okuyinto yena, kungaba emifushane (3-6), noma eside (15-20). PP ikakhulu senzelwe elwa uhla close. Inhlamvu igcinwe kokumisa amandla afinyelela ku 800 metres. A isivinini kokuqala kwaba mayelana 500 m / s. Lena ukusebenza kuhle ngesibhamu submachine ngaleso sikhathi. Ukukala lomlilo ukujabulele, kakhulu ngendlela 1000 imizuliswano ngomzuzu. Nokho, ulwa udinga ukushaya umthelela umlilo futhi ushintshe ezitolo, ngakho ijubane abahlukene encishisiwe.

Kwakulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa PCA othomathikhi. Imininingwane kwakuhlanganisa ubude umgqomo, owawungumnyaka 842 mm. Massa Shpagina ngesibhamu submachine kwaba 3.5 kg, ne esitolo disk - ukuba 5.3, ebhokisini - 4.1. umshini Isisindo ivumela ngokudubula ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu ezazihamba nje plus.

amaphutha

Nakuba PP Shpagin futhi ehola ngezindlela eziningi, wayesalokhu ukuthi ngokuyinhloko elihamba phansi. Ezinye izindaba zika-amasosha Abaklami usungula nezinye, kuwusizo kakhudlwana ngabo, imishini.

Submachine isibhamu Shpagin kwaba ukutholakala sangempela ibutho laseSoviet ngaleso sikhathi. Impi eza, wafuna isikhali kungaba lula ukusebenzisa futhi enza izinto ezihlukahlukene, has a ukusebenza high, eziphansi futhi kulula ukwenza. Nje ngakho mina waphenduka PCA othomathikhi. izinkomba Technical kwaba kakhulu, futhi akadingi imishini ekhethekile kanye nolwazi ukudala. Yingakho kakhulu ngendlela 6 million amakhophi yawela ukusetshenziswa iRed Army. Ngisho amaNazi baziswa PCA othomathikhi. izici Technical abakwazi indiva. Isikhali kwaba indondo athandwayo kakhulu empini. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amaNazi wakhetha umagazini disc.