Ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ye-iOS: kuphi ukuqala?

Usuku ngalunye oludlulayo kwandisa isibalo sabantu ukuthi wayefuna ukwazi ukuthi ukudala uhlelo. Ngemva lokuqoqa ulwazi inethiwekhi sondela them lo mqondo wokuthi ethembisayo ukuthuthukiswa izicelo iOS - yesistimu yokusebenza Apple. Eqinisweni, iphupho - lena, futhi izinhlelo - kwenye. Yakha isicelo sakho siqu akulula. Kodwa hhayi fantastically nzima. Yini okudingeka uyenze?

ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo

Ukubhala uhlelo platform ethile, udinga ukusebenzisa ngolimi oluthile izinhlelo. Ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza iOS and Android kuhluke. Uma yesikhulumi kusuka "Google" Kumelwe ukhethe ulimi lwe-Java, i-iOS choice emkhatsini Objective-C kanye Swift. Kwaphela isikhathi eside ukuze kukhule yesikhulumi iOS ke kwenziwa kuphela ngosizo Objective-C ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kwaba Iminyaka eminingi yokuphila kwakhe, kusenzima ivela futhi isetshenziswa inqwaba onjiniyela. Kodwa negative layo - kuba isithiyo okusezingeni eliphezulu yekungena.

Njengoba umthombo oyinhloko inzuzo kuyinto Apple sokusebenza kwawo esitolo, abasebenzi unesithakazelo amathuluzi awusizo kakhulu futhi ezithakazelisayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izingqungquthela njalo konjiniyela, okuyinto usitshele mayelana noshintsho izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngo-2014, onjiniyela yabonisa ulimi olusha izinhlelo Swift, okuyinto lokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iOS. Swift Kulula ukufunda, ngoba le-syntax silula futhi kakhulu uyithayiphe. Kulabo abafuna ukufunda ukwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza ye-iOS umnikazi wale ulimi esifanelana kahle.

Yini edingekayo ukuze uqale

Ngaphezu ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwezinhlelo, kudingeka babe naloku lokulandzelako:

• noma notebook ikhompyutha ne OSX yesistimu yokusebenza ebhodini;
• ukuthuthukiswa imvelo Xcode, okuyinto free.

Lokhu iqoqo kwenza izicelo ukuba sigijime Simulator ekhethekile ngqo kwi computer. Kodwa kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi esikhathini esizayo kungase kudingeke akhokhe $ 99 ngoba ukubhalisa konyaka ukuze uthole Onjiniyela hlelo. Emva kokuthi ukhokhe uzokwazi:

• yakhelwe ukusebenzisa uhlelo alikho Simulator futhi kumadivayisi kwangempela;
• beka uhlelo lokusebenza esitolo App Store;
• download inguqulo entsha ye imvelo nentuthuko ne-iOS.

Ngo izinguqulo ezintsha Xcode kwakukhona into efana "Sandbox", okuthiwa Playground. Lapha umklami ungazama ngama ulimi olusha izinhlelo.

Abantu abaningi bafuna ukuqala ukubhala izinhlelo, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi kunzima kakhulu. Yiqiniso, ukuze ube uchwepheshe, kuzomele ube okuningi kakhulu yolwazi nokuhlangenwe nakho enkulu ngemuva kwabo. Kodwa ukuze udale isicelo esincane, akudingekile ukuba ube uchwepheshe.

Kanjani ukuqala lokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iOS ne-Android? Ukufunda senzeka umkhuba. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba siqale. eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma Abaningi - akuyona njalo okuhle. Phela, uma umuntu uzofunda yayiqeda izincwadi eziyishumi izinhlelo, ikhompyutha uMklami, ngeke. Kudingeka senze.

Playground

Lokhu "Sandbox" - lena indawo enkulu ukuba ufunde ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo. Njengoba kubukeka? Umsebenzisi engena umugqa ikhodi bese ngokushesha ubone umphumela ngokubulawa. Uma kuba sobala ukuthi isinqamu ebhaliwe isebenza njengoba kufanele, kungaba nje kufanele idluliselwe iphrojekthi. Ngosizo lo "Sandbox" ongaxazulula imisebenzi efana:

• ukuthuthukiswa syntax ulimi lokwakha;
• ekuthuthukiseni amakhono izinhlelo ngosizo ucwaningo nge-API entsha;
• ukuqaliswa izibalo ezilula izibalo;
• ukuthuthukiswa a algorithm entsha nokubuka aye zonke.

Ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ye-iOS: ukuqala lapho

Imfundiso - ke muhle ngempela, kodwa, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kuthatha umkhuba. Ukuze simazi kangcono "Sandbox", udinga ukusebenzisa Xcode ukuthuthukiswa imvelo. Ngemuva kokuqala umsebenzisi angabona iwindi, okuyinto uhlongoza ukwakha iphrojekthi entsha noma ukuqala Playground. Ngidinga Iphuzu lesibili. Manje kudingeka beveza igama bese ugcine "Sandbox" nganoma iyiphi indawo ekahle kukhompyutha yakho. By the way, ukuthuthukiswa kwezicelo iOS Windows zingenza, kodwa ke kudingeka ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi. Lokhu ukufakwa pirated yesistimu yokusebenza, bese uhlela amafayela ezibalulekile, neziphazamiso eziningi nokuphahlazeka.

Uma agciniwe kuyothiwa wethula Playground efanayo, okuyinto edingekayo.

Uma uthi nhlá, akukho ezithakazelisayo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba ufake ikhodi yakho efana ukubukeka zizoshintsha ngokushesha.

Okokuqala, ungazama ukubhala lokhu okulandelayo:

var z = 3

I-var y = 0; y <10; ++ y {

z + = z * y

}

z

println ( "yi: (z)")

Ngemva kwalokhu "Sandbox" zizoshintsha ukubukeka kwayo. Ohlwini ngakwesokudla (imiphumela panel) sikhombisa amanani umugqa ngamunye, okuyinto etholakala ngemva kokubulawa. Futhi kukholamu efanele, ungakhetha ukuveza ibha sikhathi, okuyinto ikuvumela ukulandelela izinguquko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi okuvela kuyo le nkulumo ekhethiwe. Iphinde libonisa okukhiphayo console umbhalo kungaba okukhiphayo kusukela ohlelweni.

amazwana ikhodi

Ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ye-iOS, kanye nezinye izingosi, hhayi ngaphandle imibono, okuyizinto ezidingekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umqambi kwaba lula ukuyisebenzisa ikhodi. Amazwana - lo mugqa indiva ngesikhathi Uhlelo kuqalisa. Zingaba kokubili single-line kanye multiline.

eziguquguqukayo

Ngakho, izicelo Ubhalwe ngolimi izinhlelo. Sekela yiluphi ulimi ingxenye onhlobonhlobo. Ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza iOS and Android akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokusebenzisa lokwehlukile. Njengoba leli gama lisikisela, kuba isitsha, equkethe ukubaluleka onhlobonhlobo. variable ngayinye kumele ibe negama eliyingqayizivele futhi ingaqukatha kokubili amanani ezinombolo nombhalo. Uhlelo ulimi eziguquguqukayo Swift kuchazwa usebenzisa elisemqoka var futhi ake. Esimeni sesibili, kwenombolo ayikwazi ukushintshwa futhi kumele ukuqaliswa ngesikhathi isimemezelo. Esimweni sokuqala, variable is ukuqaliswa ngokushesha ngaphambi ukusetshenziswa.

variable ngayinye ine uhlobo oluthile. Lokhu kungase kube umusho, elintantayo iphuzu izinombolo (wamaqhuzu) eziphusile namanani (yeqiniso neyamanga).

Lokukhipha yemiphumela

Waba yini umphumela wesibindi uhlelo uboniswa console. Kuyini lokhu? Yilokhu inikeza ukuxhumana umsebenzisi computer. Ngakho, ekhishwa console wayebizwa ngokuthi qapha nokokufaka console - ikhibhodi. Manje okushiwo imibandela kancane ishintshile. Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i iwindi ezithambile umyalo input bese okukhipha. Ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ye-iOS njalo kutlhoga ukuhoxiswa noma iyiphi idatha. Ukwenza lokhu Swift ulimi enikeziwe ukuphrinta umyalo futhi println. Esihluke wokuqala kusukela lesibili ngokuzenzakalela iqala umugqa omusha.

imisebenzi

Umqondo ezilandelayo eziyisisekelo izinhlelo - imisebenzi. Kuyinto ukulandelana ethile yezenzo ukuthi enze umsebenzi othile. umsebenzi ngamunye kungathatha iyiphi inombolo, futhi ubuyisele yi. Ukuze usebenzise lesi sakhiwo, kuzomele uqale ukumemezela ne func elisemqoka. Ngemva iqukethe igama kanye abakaki. Uma ngabe inani elizobuyiswa, ngemva kubakaki kubonisa uhlobo yayo. Uma ukubaluleka ukubuya engekho, uhlobo ayicacisiwe, noma akhombise "ezingenalutho" uhlobo - uyize. Ngo abakaki amagugu lawa umsebenzi ithatha. Ukushayela umsebenzi ukuze ukhombise igama kanye namagugu for agumenti.

Ungenza igama ipharamitha usocingweni umsebenzi ngesikhathi ngempela kuboniswe. Kuze kube yimanje, it is nokuntula iwuphawu "igridi".

Ngakho ungakwazi ukubhala noma imiphi imisebenzi ewusizo kodwa engase, isibonelo, ukubala izilinganiso zokushintsha kwemali, ukuguqula eyodwa yokukala kwenye. Njalo kunesidingo ukuzisebenzisa, ngokwanele nje ukubiza le misebenzi, esikhundleni ngokubhala ikhodi kusuka ekuqaleni.

Yini manje?

Ngakho, njengoba kungabonwa kusukela ngenhla, ukuthuthukiswa kwezicelo iOS ngezandla yabo kungaba kahle amabutho ngalinye. Into esemqoka - ukuze ufunde ngezisekelo zokuthi ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo, ukuze simbone imvelo nentuthuko kanye umzamo ophindaphindiwe futhi ngokuvamile. Leso senzo kusiza ukwenza inqubekela phambili enkulu. Kodwa njengoba kuchaziwe lapha - kungcono nje ekuqaleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho emhlabeni izinhlelo kuyoba eziningi ezithakazelisayo, eziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi sakujabulela kakhulu. Uyohlale ukugcina ingqondo yakho ebukhali, ukuze udale into entsha futhi impilo enhle. Phela, imishini Apple asetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke. Ngakho-ke, isicelo sakho uzokwazi ngeso elibukhali izigidi zabantu.