Ukuhlaziya imikhiqizo womsebenzi kwengqondo: emihle nemibi

Psychology Scientific ngesikhatsi ngendlela ifinyelele Imiphumela eside. It washayelwa imithetho lokuthuthukiswa kwabantu engqondo, imibono ezahlukene substantiation izizathu ukuziphatha kwabantu, nezici zabo zengqondo kanye nezinhlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela ezintsha zesayensi zokufunda izindlela ukuthola yonke imininingwane. On eyodwa yezindlela yokuthola idatha emayelana umuntu, ukuhlaziywa imikhiqizo yemisebenzi yayo - ku.

Ukuhlaziya imikhiqizo womsebenzi kwengqondo

Ake uchaze ukuthi lo mqondo. Ukuhlaziya imikhiqizo umsebenzi (ADF) - indlela locwaningo izici ngokwengqondo umuntu ngokuhlola imikhiqizo yomshikashika wabo noma umsebenzi wokudala. Ngokungafani nezindlela ngokwengqondo eyisisekelo (observation experiment), i-ADF uqhutshwa ngokungaqondile, t. E., Ngaphandle ngqo zokuxhumana sokusebenza kwengqondo kanye nekhasimende lakhe. izifundo Specialist imikhiqizo ingcaca, zomculo, amadlingozi, lokusungula ezingabantu isisekelo benze iziphetho mayelana izici zayo kwengqondo.

Ukuhlaziya imikhiqizo womsebenzi kwengqondo uvame asetshenziswa emsebenzini nezingane zabo bonke ubudala, ngakho ngathenga "pop" ekufundiseni umkhuba.

Ingobo yomlando noma indlela praksimetrichesky

Ukuze le ndlela ngokwengqondo kukhona elinye igama - ingobo yomlando. Bona lapho besebenzisa leli gama emsebenzini American yayo kwengqondo. Basuke ohloselwe indlela archival betadisha umuntfu lakhetsa kuphila ngato ngokusebenzisa imikhiqizo yayo zomsebenzi, lokusungula, kwedayari, ukulondoloza idatha ku-ke. It has a uhlobo indlela oluchaza, okuvumela ukutadisha indlela yokuphila umuntu othile noma iqembu labantu ngokusebenzisa impumelelo yabo okudala nezobuchwepheshe. Ngakho esintwini yesimanje uyezwa ukuphila, ubudlelwano, futhi izici siqu abantu abadumile kusukela esikhathini esidlule.

Ngo Psychology yasekhaya igama evame kakhulu yokusebenzisa "imisebenzi ukuhlaziywa umkhiqizo" noma praksimetrichesky (kusukela lesiGreki "Praxis." - "isenzo"). Emphakathini wethu, le ndlela is kabanzi Psychology zokufundisa isifundo ekukhuleni kwengane.

Ukuhlaziywa imikhiqizo umsebenzi zezingane

ADF kuvamile ukusebenza nezingane kusukela esemncane kakhulu, ngoba ivumela izimo ukhululekile for ingane yakho (umdlalo) bazibonakalise bengamaKristu. Izingane ezincane abakwazi ngamazwi bachaza lokho ababhekana nakho, abazi kodwa alazi igama lokho okwamanje uzizwe. Kodwa ungakwenza ngenye indlela - ukuyichazela ephepheni, ukudlala nabangani bakho, ukubhala incwadi. Konke lokhu kungaba impahla esibalulekile wezengqondo osebenzela nengane yakho.

Ukuhlaziya imikhiqizo womsebenzi zezingane kuhilela ekutadisheni idatha efana:

• imikhiqizo umsebenzi awuqala umdlalo: izibalo ngebumba, design ngezinto ezahlukene, izinto ngenxa imidlalo cebo-Ekwenza Umlingiswa;
• imikhiqizo ukusebenza: ukuvunwa, yezandla ngesikhathi izifundo zomsebenzi;
• izinto elikhiqizayo, lokusungula: imidwebo, izinkondlo, amanothi, iculo, imibhalo, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza;
• ukuqeqeshwa umkhiqizo amaseshini: ukuhlolwa amaphepha, okusalungiswa, umsebenzi wesikole.

Ngesifundo lezi zinhlobo zezindwangu, singaqondile, singafinyelela eziphethweni mayelana ezingeni lolwazi, amakhono ekwakhekeni, ukutholakala kwamakhono, sigxilise isithakazelo, isimo ngokomzwelo wengane, ubudlelwano bakhe nabanye abantu.

Kwezinye izimo, indlela esetshenziswa?

Indlela ukuhlaziywa ngokwengqondo umsebenzi imikhiqizo - indlela ephumelelayo isifundo olunzulu psyche wengane. It ikuvumela ukukhomba izici ezifana:

• izinqubo engqondo (ukucabanga, ukunakwa, inkumbulo, njll);
• esimweni sengqondo (isimo);
• izakhiwo engqondo (uhlamvu, umthamo - konke kwenza ubuntu bengane).

Ngakho, indlela ingasetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene ezimweni - ukuhlonza izimbangela umfundi underachievement, kuyilapho nobunzima kule lithathelwe ingane ukuhlola ubuhlobo bakhe abadala nontanga, ukucacisa izithakazelo nokuthambekela wengane kusobala ukuthi uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi.

Uhlu kuqhubeka, ngoba isibalo imibuzo mayelana nokuthuthukiswa ochumayo ingane kwandisa ne ubudala. Kuvele sokusebenza kwengqondo abanolwazi iyohlale ukusiza abazali abakhathalelayo futhi othisha uma arsenal izindlela zayo ukusebenza yiyona ukuhlaziya nokusebenza umkhiqizo.

Yiziphi izimo okumelwe ahlangabezane nazo?

Ukuze indlela wanika imiphumela eziphelele kakhulu olunembile, lo isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo siphawula lezimo eziningana sokufeza ucwaningo:

• usibeka umgomo - ngokuqondile ukuthi ikuphi ufundwa (isib, ukubonakaliswa ubuhlobo ingane 6 iminyaka nge abadala abalulekile futhi ontanga e imidwebo);
• ukhetha izingane (uma leli qembu) elihambisana yobudala (kuleli cala, 6) kanye Eseshilo amakhono (isib upende);
• zonke izingane, silungiselela izimo ezifanayo ukuze imisebenzi (izinto ezifanayo, indawo);
• ukunciphisa ukukhinyabezeka ezabo izingane ukusebenza inqubo kuqinisekisa ukuthi izingane wasebenza bebodwa futhi abangu eyashukumisela;
• It idlulisela ukusabela ezingokomzwelo zezingane ezenzeka phakathi ukusebenza;
• uma ucwaningo lufaka lokuqhubeka nengxoxo nengane ngendalo yakhe umkhiqizo, kusengaphambili silungiselela imibuzo;
• unikeza indinganiso, umkhiqizo wokugcina zizohlolwa lapho (isibonelo, i-choice umbala wesikimu, nokusungulwa).

Kanjani ukuhlaziya?

Le ndlela kuhilela ukuhlaziya inqubo kanye nomkhiqizo ukusebenza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi hhayi kuphela umkhiqizo ekupheleni komsebenzi wengane singase sithwale ulwazi mayelana nalo, kodwa futhi inqubo indalo yayo. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho izingane ziyadlala ekwakhiweni inganekwane, kungenzeka ukuba abone ukuthi bahleli kanjani abahilelekile, kangakanani bathanda indima futhi zibukeka kanjani uma isinyathelo, njengoba uhambelana umbhalo indima, kanye into entsha eyenza izinyane inqubo.

Uma ihlaziye umsebenzi yokwenziwa okwengeziwe, isibonelo, udini noma umdwebo, ungakwazi thatha ukusabela wengane ngokomzwelo okwenzekayo, sibone ukuthi ihlola emsebenzini wakhe, kuze kufike umkhiqizo okuholela sifana umqondo yasekuqaleni.

Yokugcina umkhiqizo ukusebenza izwakalwa ngokuvumelana izimfuneko ezithile. Bathembele kulokho umgomo eyayibekwe. Lokhu kungaba degree of ukuthuthukiswa imisebenzi ethile nangokwengqondo wengane, imizwelo yakhe, kokuba ikhono eminye imisebenzi nokunye.

Izigaba cwaningo

Njengazo zonke zocwaningo ezingokwengqondo, ukuhlaziywa umsebenzi umkhiqizo kuhilela ukudlula izigaba eziningana:

• ukulungiselela - ukuqoqwa idatha eyinhloko ngomntwana, ukubeka umbono (okuyinto kungani kukhona, ukuthi singasetshenziswa exhunywe), ukulungiselela ngezinto zokwakha zezinga eliphezulu ukuhlaziywa;
• luhlolo Direct - ukuhlaziya ngokwengqondo imikhiqizo yomsebenzi; uma kunesidingo - ezinye izindlela zayo umphelelisi;
• esigabeni yokugcina - systematization idatha, nalokho umbono (uma kucatshangwa kuqinisekisiwe), ukwenza izincomo umsebenzi nengane ukuze abazali nothisha.

Lokubamba lichaza ingane kulindeleke kuphela esigabeni sesibili. Zonke ezinye izinyathelo owenza lesi sazi.

Izinzuzo indlela

umkhiqizo ukuhlaziywa ngomsebenzi isusela nokusakazwa kwayo kabanzi kule Psychology entshonalanga futhi kazwelonke ngokusebenzisa eziningi eziwusizo ukuthi unakho:

• Ithuba uqoqe ukwaziswa olunzulu ngokwanele njengoba iqembu labaculi futhi nengane eyodwa.
• Kungenzeka ukulandela Dynamics ukuthuthukiswa ngokwengqondo ingane ngokuqhathanisa imikhiqizo amadala sakamuva kakhulu creative. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuze ubone ukuthi kungakanani kwaba ngcono emihle motor amakhono yezandla, njengoba ushintsho esimweni sengqondo sokuba ingane eyodwa noma enye izici zokuphila kwakhe, njll
• Lena indlela yemvelo kakhulu ukufunda ngengane engqondweni yakhe: ukudlala umsebenzi ingane ezizwa futhi ekhululekile.
• Ithuba ukuhlonza ezihlukahlukene izici ezingokwengqondo wengane - ngezinga of ukunakekela imvelo.

Okumbi ngokuhlaziya imikhiqizo nemisebenzi

Noma yimuphi indlela ucwaningo amaphutha ayo, okungase kuthinte umphumela. Ukuhlaziya imisebenzi cwaningo imikhiqizo kungenzeka ibe ngaphansi kwegunya nobunzima obunjalo:

• Ukusebenzisa indlela kukhawulwe izici yobudala kwengane. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umuntu efuna ukufunda umdwebo umntwana, kubalulekile ukuthi wayesenalo kakade amakhono ahosha.
• Icubungula Imiphumela kungenzeka ibe ngaphansi kwegunya subjective ukuhlolwa ngokwengqondo (isib okwakhe sibalo). Lokhu kudinga tekucubungula ecacile, okuyinto ukubeka eceleni noma ukuchema kuzo we umcwaningi.
• Ukuze uthole Ucwaningo olunzulu ungubani umuntu usebenzisa i-ADF kumele kube ngempela isikhathi esiningi kanye nezinsiza.

Okunhlobonhlobo izindlela imikhiqizo umsebenzi ucwaningo

Ukuhlaziya umsebenzi imikhiqizo kunezinhlobo zalo siqu noma ingasetshenziswa njengengxenye ezinye izindlela zocwaningo ngokwengqondo. Lezi zihlanganisa amasu projective. Ingqikithi zabo - kwelivi (ukudlulisa isithombe) izakhiwo eziwumgogodla zokuphila kwabantu umkhiqizo womsebenzi wakhe. Ukulitadisha, singaluthola idatha on ukuthuthukisa umuntu.

Uhluka classical projective indlela ADF e ukuthi unesikhathi impahla yajwayeleka lapho umsebenzi wenziwa, kanye iziyalezo eziqondile. Ngokwesibonelo, isihloko uthola isabelo ukudweba isithombe kuya kulesitfupha ngesihloko unikezwa, ukwelekelela umusho akuphelele, akha indaba isithombe, nokunye. D. Lezizindlela eyaziwa kakhulu zihlanganisa "Spot ka Rorschach", "isilwane Non-akukho", "indlu, isihlahla, indoda" nabanye.

amasu Projective aphumelela hhayi kuphela ukusebenza nezingane, kodwa abadala kanye nabantu enesifo sengqondo.

Enye incazelo indlela yesimanje ine professiografiya. Isebenzisa abantu ADF abangabakhe uhlobo oluthile umsebenzi okhokhelwayo. Through the iqoqo lemininingwane efana nalena, izimfuneko okukhipha, okuyizinto ezidingekayo ukuze buciko ngempumelelo abanomsebenzi othile. Kuyinto izici bokuphila, ezenhlalakahle kanye nokubhekelela ngokwengqondo umuntu. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuze abe uthisha ophumelela kakhulu, ngaphezu ukuqeqeshwa theory, onguchwepheshe kufanele angabacasuli abanye, nesineke, uyakwazi ukulawula imizwelo yabo, kunalokho nezimo futhi bahlakaniphile.

ukuhlaziywa kokuqukethwe njengoba indlela lulwimi

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu yasungulwa futhi yomlando indlela has a ukuhlaziywa okuqukethwe. Isetshenziselwa hhayi kuphela e-psychology kodwa nakwezinye social sciences, ukuxhumana. Indlela kuhilela ukuhlola amayunithi umbhalo kanye ngezigaba zabo. Lezi amayunithi zihlanganisa:

• amazwi ngabanye;
• imishwana (imishwana);
• isihloko;
• umyalezo iyonke.

Le ndlela esinembile, njengoba sihilela imisebenzi zezibalo kanye izithombe wathola. Wonke amayunithi yokutadisha zibalwa ukucacisa nokuvama ukusetshenziswa futhi systematization. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba bafinyelele iziphetho mayelana nezici ngokwengqondo umbhali, ngobuhlobo bakhe ekhelini umyalezo, kanye izinqubo zenhlalo-ngokwengqondo global e namaqembu amakhulu wabantu.

Imithombo enamandla ngoba ukuhlaziya okuqukethwe amabhuku, Diaries siqu, amanothi emaphephandabeni, izingoma, izinkondlo nokunye. D.

Ukuhlaziya imibhalo Pedagogical

Kabanzi umkhuba yokufundisa kufundiswe izingane wathola omunye ezihlukahlukene ADF. Lokhu ukuhlaziya imibhalo Pedagogical.

Modern uthisha, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo noma usonhlalakahle nsuku ebhekene yenqwaba idatha abafundi. Lena amarekhodi ezahlukene:

• Ukucaciswa;
• nemlandvo wetekwelashwa kwakhe;
• okukhuluma;
• omagazini ukuhlolwa kolwazi;
• amaminithi emihlangano;
• esikoleni Diaries abafundi;
• Ama-oda kanye nemiyalelo mathupha.

Konke lokhu ngemva kokutadisha nokulandelanisa ikuvumela ukudala isithombe mazombe kwengane, ukukhomba inkinga amaphuzu nezindlela ukuzixazulula.

umkhiqizo ukuhlaziywa ngomsebenzi kwengqondo - ithuluzi eliphumelelayo e professional. Ukuyisebenzisa ukuqeqeshwa ngokwanele theory. Kuwumkhuba njalo, ubugovu isifiso ukuthuthukisa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kodwa uma abazali ukuphathisa ingane yabo kuchwepheshe they qiniseka ukuthi bazoyithola ulwazi lemininingwane mayelana nokuthi ke kanye usizo kumuntu ofanelekayo.