Ukuhlaziya-AFP: a emagama kuyinsakavukela

Usuku lokuzalwa kuhlelwe izinyane ngabomvu abazali abaningi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, owathi esikhundleni, umama okhulelwe iyaphoqeleka ukuba inani elikhulu cwaningo ezahlukene. Phakathi kwabo atholakala futhi izindaba ze-AFP ukuhlaziywa. Futhi uma isifundo esikhuluma progesterone cishe wonke umuntu uyazi, alpha-fetoprotein, noma i-AFP, bambalwa kakhulu abantu bazi.

Muva nje, abantu abaningi abaphendukela laboratory ucwaningo ku isimila iziphambano. Lezi izinto kukhona nature ezahlukene: ngezinye izikhathi ingaba umthombo amaprotheni noma izithako zayo, ama-enzyme ethile, ama-hormone. Ziyakwazi imikhiqizo womsebenzi esibalulekile isimila noma ezivezwa imigwamanda ukuhlasela amangqamuzana omdlavuza. AFP futhi oncomarker, futhi kuzoxoxwa ngani kulesi sihloko. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange ochwepheshe 20 esungulwe yohlobo lwazo.

Kuyini i-AFP?

Njengoba kakade ngenhla, ukuhlaziywa AFP kungokwalabo esigabeni zocwaningo for isimila izimpawu ukuthi ukhombise kuthatha kanjani ukukhulelwa. Wathi antigen ngokuvamile ekhiqizwa ngokuqondile umbungu kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Kodwa ngemva kokuzalwa ukukhiqizwa yayo esibindini.

Ngokuvamile, imuphi umgwamanda, kuhlanganise umntwana ongakazalwa, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni ubona njengoba angaphandle. Futhi njengoba i-embryo akuyona umzimba okunjalo, bese ethile AFP ivikela umbungu kusuka ukungamukeleki emzimbeni. Ekuqaleni zamagama antigen kwenzeka luteum Corpus ezikhiqiza amaqanda. Nge ukuqala kwesonto yesihlanu yokukhulelwa ukuzimisela kwazo ukukhipha i-AFP eqala kakade izithelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, emakamu yayo ukwenyuka egazini likamama futhi igazi lengane. Okuqukethwe oyinhloko walo amaprotheni, njengoba kuboniswa ukuhlaziya AFP is ebonwe ngesonto 32-34-th. Ngemva kokuzalwa kuka-futhi ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila kwakhe AFP okuqukethwe ayibhampise emuva.

Indima ebalulekile i-AFP ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Indima amaprotheni kunzima overestimate, ngoba yisiboniso-fetus futhi kuvimbele imizamo isisu nokuguqulwa. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ikhiqizwa kakhulu noma cha ngokwanele. Leli qiniso kufanele aqaphe yimuphi udokotela onguchwepheshe. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kungase kubonise ukuthi isinye fetus eba kahle. Ngezinye izikhathi kuba uphawu lokuthi zikhona ezinye izinkinga mayelana ekukhuleni kwengane ezingeni ufuzo.

Izinga-AFP kungase kubonise AFP ukuhlaziywa, okuyinto eyenziwa ngemva kwamasonto angu-12 okukhulelwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga alpha-fetoprotein ukufinyelela umkhawulo okunenjongo. Uma ngokuhamba emagama efanele, kukhona nezinye izinombolo, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona ukuphambuka.

Nokho, uphethwe eqondile ngesisekelo eyodwa kuphela Assay-alpha-fetoprotein akunakwenzeka ngoba amaphutha zenzeka. amazinga ephakeme kungase kubonise ezahlukene:

• nokukhulelwa izingane eziningi ngasikhathi;
• isibindi necrosis umbungu;
• anencephaly;
• hernia enkabeni;
• izinso egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezitho zangaphakathi ne angahlangani futhi kuholela ekwandeni ezingeni i-AFP.

Ubuningi encishisiwe ye-alpha-fetoprotein kungaba uphawu lokuthi:

• It has zokugula Down;
• kukhona ukubambezeleka ukuthuthukiswa umbungu;
• kwakukhona ukufa fetus.

Kwezinye izimo, ezingeni eliphansi AFP kukhona ingozi yisisu. Ngezinye izikhathi okuqukethwe kwawo ongaphakeme ukuze ngesisekelo ukuhlaziya ebonisa ukuthi i-AFP (abesifazane evamile noma cha), udokotela ephetha ngokuthi ukukhulelwa zamanga.

Ukukhulelwa okungavamile

Noma yimuphi ukuphambuka kusuka okuqukethwe evamile amaprotheni ukuthi zibalulekile ukuze kube nenqubo ukuqapha yokukhulelwa. Kulokhu, udokotela ithuba lokuqoka ucwaningo olwengeziwe, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho uzobe ukuqinisekisile noma ukulahlwa ukuxilongwa ethile.

Umuntu kumelwe amane uqaphele ukuthi ukukhulelwa kungaba iphazanyiswe kungakapheli 20 amasonto. Ngaphambi nje kokuba lesi sikhathi ultrasound scan njengoba isilinganiso control. ). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuhlola amazinga hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin). Uma zonke izifundo ukuqinisekisa yokuthi ingane awokuthi angazalwa ne zokugula, umthwalo wemfanelo ekuthathweni isezandleni kowesifazane ngokwakhe.

Yini enye ebonisa AFP okuqukethwe

Akukhona njalo ekuhlaziyweni AFP ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kulungiswa omama kudingekile kuphela okhulelwe. Kwezinye izimo, umaka isimila ucwaningo ebalulekile uphethwe isifo esiyingozi kakhulu abadala. Uphiko evamile akuyona ezingaphezu kwezingu-10 IU / ml. Ukukhulisa alolu lisikisela ukuthi umzimba womuntu sekuqalile ukuthuthukisa isimila esibulalayo, ngokuvamile metastases. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana AFP izinga - esigabeni ekhethekile ngezansi.

Uma okuqukethwe AFP ngezansi evamile, khona-ke kuwuphawu izinqubo okungavamile ukuthuthukiswa isibindi:

• isifo sokusha;
• yokwehluleka kwesibindi ezingamahlalakhona;
• ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusekelwe isimo isibindi lingahunyushwa baphetha kanye khona noma ukungabi khona utshwala.

Ukulungiselela i-ukuhlaziywa

Uma udokotela wakho ebekiwe lesi sifundo ukuhlaziywa AFP futhi hCG ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukulungiselela cishe kungadingeki. Ngokuvamile konke kuhambe njengoba in ezivamile igazi amasampuli kusukela emthanjeni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi emahoreni alandelayo angu-5-8, awukwazi ukudla. Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, igama elithi kuyakuba hhayi ngaphansi kuka amasonto 14. Nokho, nesikhawu phakathi amasonto 16 nele-18 kubhekwe efaneleke kakhulu igazi izibonelo zalokho. Inqubo ngokwaso wenziwa ekuseni, ngokuhamba uphuzwe 10 ml biomaterial.

Futhi njengoba inqubo eyenziwa esiswini esingenalutho, futhi nzima, isiguli emva kubalulekile buthule, uphumule imizuzu engu-15. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Ngalesi isikhathi esifushane ukuze abuye abe namandla, ubuthakathaka iya, futhi ubungozi bokulahlekelwa ukwazi incipha.

Okungase kuthinte ukuhlaziywa

Ngaphezu ukuqeqeshwa efanele kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izici ezithile kungahlanekezela ukuhlaziywa AFP ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kuyinsakavukela kulokhu kufinyelelwa uma ukugcina imithetho elula. Phakathi kokudla kwakusihlwa, kungcono uyeke ukudla ukudla nge izinongo ezahlukene, kanye okunamafutha, ngibhema futhi ethosiwe ukudla.

Physiotherapy okunjalo njengoba ultrasound futhi massage, kanye namasu wezinsimbi ezifana-X-ray, i-MRI, CT scan futhi kungathinta ukuhlaziya. Ngakho-ke, akulungile ngosuku olufanayo ekutadisheni-AFP. Ngokuphathelene uphuzo oludakayo, lapho ukusebenzisa zabo futhi kufanele lihlehlisiwe. Okungenani kuze kube sekupheleni ukuhlaziya.

It is baphawula ukuthi abamnyama lokuhlushwa ephakeme ka-AFP, ngesikhathi isizwe sakwa-Mongolian, kuba ephansi kakhulu. Namanje kubalulekile acabangele khona yisiphi isifo endocrine njengesifo sikashukela noma izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane esikhathini esidlule.

Ngingalutholaphi bahlolelwe?

Ngesikhathi khona kunoma yimaphi ukuhlaziywa wahulumende nobe wangasese laboratory ukuthatha izindaba ze-AFP futhi hCG sokukhulelwa. Norma empeleni iyokwaziwa ngisho ngokunembe kakhudlwana, uma ochwepheshe wazibonela possess ucwaningo indlela sizosetshenziswa izikhungo ezinjengalezi kanye nezinto ezidingekayo. Izindleko zalesi ukuhlaziywa - in the uhla ruble 300 kuya kwangu-600.

Uma kudingeka ukuba kudlule isifundo esinjalo Akubalulekile abazama ukuqonda indawo yalokho, kulungiswa kufanele bakwenze kuphela nguchwepheshe. Kuphela indlela olunzulu siyonikeza impendulo enembile. Lokho njengoba ulwazi ngangokunokwenzeka yi etholwe uma ukuhlolwa laboratory kuhlangene wezinsimbi. Lapho zokuqapha idatha okufanele iqhutshwe endaweni yokucwaninga efanayo esebenzisa reagent efanayo.

Ukulotshwa ukuhlaziywa kanye ngesilinganiso AFP

Ngemva kokudlulisa yi test uzolunga ezinsukwini ezimbili, kodwa uma kunesidingo, esimeni esiphuthumayo ungathola kamuva amahora amabili. Ngokuvamile, ukuze babe idatha ithembekile, senyanga ka ukukhulelwa test kwesibili kumele kwenziwe ngokuhlanganyela esifundweni ultrasound hormone esinomhlapho nezinye izindlela zokuxilonga.

laboratory ngasinye sokuba ukuhlaziywa ezingeni AFP usebenzisa izindlela zayo futhi reagents. . Kodwa ngaleso amayunithi efanayo okhonjiswe efanayo kuzo zonke izimo: IU / ml noma umama. при беременности, норма (МоМ) составляет 0,5-2. Ngokwesibonelo, uma yokuhlaziya okwenziwe ka-AFP futhi hCG e ekhulelwayo eliphakeme (IOM) kuyinto 0.5-2. Nokho, uma elabhorethri usebenzisa ezinye lwezindinganiso (IU / ml), izinga amaprotheni, kuye ngokuthi yobudala sokukhulelwa kuzohluka kanje (bheka. Ithebula ngezansi).

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ezingabantu izinga akuyona ezingaphezu kwezingu-10 IU / ml. Kuyefana nasendleleni besifazane ababengewona ama-abakhulelwe.

izinkomba ngoba

Ukuze zihlolelwe i-AFP Kunconywa bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe emasontweni 12 esesibelethweni. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ukuthola khona noma ukungabi khona kahle kwezinso. Futhi uma bengenayo, -ke inqubo okuphuma evamile. Kodwa uma noma yimuphi udokotela inikeza reanalysis noma izifundo ezengeziwe.

просто необходимо без возражений. Ngezinye izikhathi i-AFP ukuhlolwa igazi hCG nje kudingeka ngaphandle kokuphikisa. Lokhu kusebenza ezimweni lapho ingane izalwe izihlobo igazi, ingane izalwa malformation noma zokugula luthathwe. Lokhu kubalulekile ikakhulukazi uma wesifazane ukhulelwa kanjani okokuqala e engaphezu kwengu-35.

Kusadingeka acabangele kwalezi zimo:

• Uma ngokuhamba bezama ukuthola ukhulelwe owesifazane uma kwesisu nokuguqulwa.
• Ukuthola umama ngaphambi kokukhulelwa noma ngesikhathi sokuqala kwemithi anobuthi ezithinta umbungu.
• Ukuba khona iyiphi izifo lezinceku wezakhi ezakhini zofuzo, ababezoba abazali.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, umane kudingeka kudlule cwaningo uma ngendlela efanele usaqala yowesifazane ethwele ingane owawuse-X-ray luhlolo.