Ukucindezela okuphezulu nangaphansi: okusho ukuthi kuvamile iminyaka, ukuphambene nokujwayelekile

Enye yezinkomba ezinkulu zempilo nokusebenza kahle komzimba ingcindezi yegazi. Amandla kanye nesivinini lapho igazi lihamba khona kulowo mishini lithinta inhlalakahle yomuntu kanye namandla okusebenza. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ingcindezi evamile ka- 120 kuya ku-80. Kodwa ukushintsha kwezinkomba zayo manje sekuhlangene kaningi. Kakade asebekhulile kuphela, kodwa futhi abantu abasha bayazi ukuthi ukucindezelwa kulinganiswa kanjani. Abaningi bayaqonda ukuthi ukuphambuka kwezinkomba ezivela kumkhuba kubangelwa ukuphathwa ikhanda, ubuthakathaka kanye nokukhathazeka. Umfutho manje ulinganiselwe kudivayisi ekhethekile - i-tonometer. Kwabaningi ngisho nasekhaya. I-tonometer inikeza izinkomba ezimbili: ingcindezi ephakeme nangaphansi. Lokho kusho, akubona wonke umuntu oqonda. Yiqiniso, ezimweni eziningi, ukulinganisa kudinga kuphela ukulawula, futhi udokotela kufanele anqume ukuthi angabe aphatha yini. Kodwa nokho, labo abanalezi zinkomba bavame ukukhuphuka noma ukuwa, kudingeka wazi mayelana nabo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Iyini ingcindezi yegazi?

Lokhu kungenye yezinkomba eziyinhloko zomsebenzi obalulekile womuntu. Inikeza ukucindezelwa emsebenzini wenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, ejikeleza igazi. Ukuphakama kwalo kuthinteka ngenani lezinga lenhliziyo. Yonke inhliziyo iphonsa ingxenye yegazi ngamandla amaningi. Futhi lokhu kunquma ukuphakama kwengcindezi yayo ezindongeni zezimpahla. Kuvela ukuthi amanani ayo aphezulu ahlonishwayo ezitsheni eziseduze nayo, futhi okunye, okuncane.

Ukunquma ukuthi yikuphi ukucindezela okumelwe kube khona, thatha inani elilinganiselwe, elinganiselwe kumshini we-brachial. Lena inqubo yokuxilongwa eyenziwa udokotela nganoma yiziphi izikhalazo mayelana nokuwohloka kwempilo. Cishe wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ukulinganisa kunquma ukucindezela okuphezulu nangaphansi. Okushiwo umphumela wesilinganiso kusho, udokotela akachazi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Futhi akubona bonke abantu abazi ngisho nezinkomba ezijwayelekile kubo. Kodwa wonke umuntu obhekene nokubhekana nokukhuphuka noma ukuwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi uyaqonda ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuyilawula. Ukushintsha endleleni yokuphila, ukudla okunomsoco kanye nezinga elifanele lomsebenzi womzimba kuzosiza ukugcina inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi iphephile.

Ukucindezela okuphezulu nokuphansi

Lokho kusho incazelo akusiyo wonke umuntu oqondayo. Ngokuyinhloko, abantu bayazi ukuthi ukucindezela okuvamile kufanele kube ngu-120 kuya ku-80. Eziningi zalezi zanele. Futhi iziguli kuphela ezine-hypertension noma i-hypotonia zijwayele imibono ye- systolic ne-diastolic. Kuyini?

1. I-Systolic, noma ingcindezi ephezulu kusho amandla amakhulu lapho igazi lihamba khona ngemikhumbi. Kutholakala ngesikhathi senhliziyo yokweqa.

2. Ukucindezela okungaphansi kwe-diastolic, kubonisa izinga lokumelana, okuhlangana negazi, odlula ezitsheni. Kulo mzuzu uhamba kancane, ngakho izinkomba zakhe ziphansi kuneyokuqala.

Ukucindezelwa ngamamitha ayi-mercury kulinganiswa. Futhi nakuba ezinye izinsimbi zokuxilonga manje zisetshenzisiwe, leli gama lisisinde. Futhi izinkomba eziyi-120 kuya kwezingu-80 - lena ingcindezi engenhla nangaphansi. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? 120 ingcindezi engenhla noma ye-systolic, kanti i-80 ingezansi. Ungayichaza kanjani le miqondo?

Umfutho we-systolic

Lona amandla okuyinto inhliziyo ifuna igazi. Leli nani lincike kwinani lezinhliziyo kanye nokuqina kwazo. Inkomba yokucindezela engaphezulu isebenza ekunqumeni isimo senhliziyo nenhliziyo enkulu, isibonelo, i-aorta. Inani layo lincike ezintweni eziningana:

- ivolumu ye-ventricle kwesokunxele yenhliziyo;

- izinga le-ejection yegazi;

Isilinganiso senhliziyo;

- isimo sezindiza ze-coronary ne-aorta.

Ngakho-ke, ngezinye izikhathi ingcindezi engenhla ibizwa ngokuthi "inhliziyo" futhi ihlulelwe yizibalo mayelana nokufaneleka komsebenzi walo mzimba. Kodwa isiphetho mayelana nomzimba womzimba kufanele senziwe udokotela, enikezwa izici eziningi. Ngempela, ukucindezeleka okuvamile kubantu bonke kuhluke. I-Norm ingacatshangwa njengezinkomba eziyi-90 mm nangama-140, uma umuntu ezwa sengathi ulungile.

Ukucindezelwa kwe-diastolic

Ngesikhathi sokuphumula kwemizwa yenhliziyo, i-blood icindezela ngokumelene nodonga lwezitsha ezinamandla. Lezi zinkomba zibizwa ngokuthi ukucindezela okuphansi noma kwe-diastolic. Zizimisele ngokuyinhloko ngesimo sezitsha futhi zilinganiswa ngesikhathi sokuphumula okukhulu kwenhliziyo. Amandla izindonga zawo eziphikisana nazo zamanje zegazi, futhi kukhona ukucindezela okuphansi. Ukuqina kancane kwezitsha kanye nobuciko babo, kuphakeme. Ngokuvamile lokhu kubangelwa isimo sezinso. Bakha i-enzyme renin ekhethekile, echaphazela ithoni ye-muscle yezinto. Ngakho-ke, ukucindezela kwe-diastolic ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi "ukuqhwaba." Ukwanda kwezinga lakhe kungabonisa isifo sezinso noma igciwane le-thyroid.

Kufanele kube yiziphi izindinganiso ezivamile zokucindezela?

Sekuyisikhathi eside kuyisiko ukwenza izilinganiso emgqeni we-brachial. Kuyinto engabizi kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhundla sayo sikuvumela ukuba uthathe imiphumela ngokwesilinganiso. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa i-cuff lapho umoya ujova khona. Ukucindezela imithwalo yegazi, idivayisi ikuvumela ukuthi uzwe ukushaywa kwayo. Umuntu oqhuba izilinganiso, izaziso lapho i-beat iqala khona ukushaya - lokhu kungukucindezeleka okukhulu, futhi lapho kuphelile khona-okuphansi. Manje kunomshini wegazi we-elektroniki oqaphayo, lapho isiguli ngokwayo singakwazi ukulawula isimo sakhe. Ukucindezelwa okuvamile kubhekwa njengengu-120 kuya kwezingu-80, kodwa lokhu kulinganiselwe.

Umuntu onenani lakhe eli-110 noma ngisho no-100 ku-60-70 uzozizwa enhle. Futhi ngeminyaka yobudala, izindinganiso ezijwayelekile ze-130-140 zibhekwa njengama-90-100. Ukuze unqume ukuthi yiziphi izilinganiso isiguli esingaqala ukuzizwa sibi kakhulu, kuyadingeka itafula lokucindezela. Imiphumela yezilinganiso ezivamile zilotshwe kuyo futhi isiza ukuthola izimbangela nemingcele yokushintshashintsha. Odokotela batusa ngisho nomuntu onempilo ukuthi angene esheke ukuze athole ukuthi ingcindezi iyini evamile kuye.

Ukushisa ngokweqile - kuyini?

Abantu abaningi bebhekene nalesi sifo muva nje. Ukushisa ngokweqile ukunyuka okuqhubekayo kokucindezela. Kwabanye, ukwanda kwama-indices ngamayunithi angu-10 kakade kubonakala ukuwohloka kwenhlalakahle. Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, ukushintsha okunjalo kubonakala kuncane. Kodwa yisimo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, futhi ngokufanele, ubukhulu be-blood pressure ephezulu obonisa ukuthuthukiswa komfutho wegazi ophezulu, owaziwa kangcono ngokuthi yi-hypertension. Udokotela wenza ukuhlushwa okunjalo, uma izinkomba zivame ukukhuphuka ngo-20-30 mm ngenxa yesizathu esithile. Ngokwezilinganiso ezithathwe yi-WHO, ukuthuthukiswa komfutho wegazi ophezulu kuboniswa ingcindezi engaphezu kuka-140 kwayishumi. Kodwa kwabanye, lezi zindinganiso zingase zibe ngaphansi noma ziphakeme. Futhi okuvamile kuyomsiza ukuba athole itafula lokucindezela.

Esigabeni sokuqala somfutho wegazi ophezulu, kungenzeka ukuba uvuselele isimo ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila nokuqeda imikhuba emibi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqapha njalo ukucindezela kwakho ukufuna usizo ngesikhathi. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuphakamisa ku-180 mm kungaholela ekuhlaselweni kwenhliziyo noma ngesifo sohlangothi.

Izici ze-hypotension

Umfutho wegazi ophansi awubhekwa njengengozi njengengcindezi ephezulu yegazi. Kodwa kubhebhethekisa kakhulu izinga lokuphila. Phela, ukunciphisa ukucindezela kuholela ekuntulekeni kwe-oksijeni nokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle. Isiguli sizwa ubuthakathaka, ukukhathala njalo nokulala. Inhloko yakhe ihlaziye futhi idizizi, ingakwazi ukumnyama emehlweni akhe. Ukudonsa okucindezelayo ekucindezelekeni ku-50 mm kungaholela ekufeni. Ngokuvamile, i-hypotension ehlala njalo ibonakala kubantu abasha futhi idlula ngobudala. Kodwa usadinga ukulawula ingcindezi. Phela, noma yikuphi ushintsho ezinkampanini zalo kubonisa ukwehluleka emsebenzini wezinhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.

Umehluko omncane phakathi kwengcindezi engenhla nephansi

Wonke umuntu uhlukile. Futhi izindinganiso ezijwayelekile zokucindezela kungenzeka ukuthi azifani. Kodwa kukholelwa ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwengcindezi engenhla nephansi kufanele ibe amayunithi angu-30-40. Ngalesi sifo, odokotela nabo banakekele, ngoba kungabonisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezithile. Ngezinye izikhathi libizwa ngokuthi ukucindezelwa kwe-pulse. Ngokwalo, incazelo yalo ayisho lutho, into esemqoka iyinhlalakahle yesiguli. Kodwa umehluko omncane phakathi kwengcindezi engenhla nengaphansi kungenzeka ngenxa yokungahambi kahle kwezinso noma ukuqina okunamandla kwezitsha.

Yiziphi izinkomba ezicindezelayo ezixhomeke kuzo

Amandla lapho igazi lihamba khona ngokusebenzisa iziqukathi futhi ucindezela ezindongeni zawo lithathwa yizici eziningi:

- izifo kanye nezifo zofuzo;

- indlela yokuphila;

- Izici zomsoco;

- isimo somzwelo somuntu;

- ukuba khona kwemikhuba emibi;

- inani lomsebenzi womzimba.

Lezi zindinganiso zixhomeke kakhulu eminyakeni yobudala. Akudingekile ukushayela izingane nentsha ekuhlaleni kuka-120 kuya kwezingu-80, kuzo zonke lezi zikhombisi-ndlela zizogqithiswa. Emva kwakho konke, ingcindezi ivame ukwanda ngeminyaka. Futhi kulabo asebekhulile, kakade izinkomba eziyi-140 nge-90 ziyoba zemvelo. Udokotela onolwazi angathola ingcindezi evamile yobudala, aqonde kahle imbangela yalesi sifo. Futhi ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi ukuxilonga emva kweminyaka engu-40 kudlula ngokwalo noma, ngokuphambene, kudala umfutho wegazi ophezulu.

Kungani sidinga ukulinganisa ukucindezela

Abantu abaningi banciphisa ikhanda ngamaphilisi, ngaphandle kokuxhumana nodokotela ukuze bathole imbangela. Kodwa ukwandisa izinga lokucindezela ngisho nezinyunithi eziyi-10 kungabangeli nje ukulimala kwenhlalakahle, kepha kungabangela ingozi empilweni:

- ingozi yokuthuthukisa izifo zenhliziyo isanda;

- kungase kube nokuphulwa komshini we-cerebral kanye nesifo sohlangothi;

- isimo sezimpahla ezinyaweni sibuhlungu;

- Ukungaphumeleli okweqile ngokuvamile kuvame;

- inkumbulo ibuhlungu, inkulumo iphukile - lokhu kuyimiphumela yokwanda kwegazi.

Ngakho-ke, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kuyadingeka, ikakhulukazi ngokubonakala kobuthakathaka, isiyezi nosizi. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi yikuphi uhlobo lokucindezela okumele lube kulolu muntu noma lowo muntu. Ngempela, bonke abantu bahlukile, futhi udinga ukugxila enhlalakahleni yakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nomuntu onempilo, ukucindezelwa emini kungashintsha.