Ukhonkolo: Kungakanani uDries Uqinisa futhi wayiqonda maqondana lokushisa

Ukhonkolo zisakazwa isakhiwo ngenxa ukusebenza yayo izici: kuba nzima, ukugqoka-resistant futhi iqine. Ukuze uthole lezi zimfanelo, umklamo kumele waphonsa ngumuntu ubuchwepheshe esikhethekile. Uma ukwephula imithetho ebeka isixazululo isici ngeke uthole ukusebenza kulindeleke. Indlela yokusebenzisa ukhonkolo njengoba ome lomlayezo futhi lokho kuncike lokhu kulungiselelwa?

ukwakheka impahla

Noma yimuphi nosimende ukhonkolo ingxube isihlabathi, usimende namanzi. Kuye uhlobo oluthile loketshezi, yezingxenye esemqoka kunezelwa fillers ahlukahlukene:

• itshe Nechobozekile, amatshe.
• ubumba Expanded.
• Slag.
• Polystyrene.
• Izinkuni chips noma sawdust.

Thela isikhathi mass incike uhlobo isibopho okuyinto sasakhiwe ngokhonkolo. Kanjani ukuze ome ingxube, kunqunywa ukuhlolwa laboratory, bese ukuhlola elithi okuholela isetshenziswa mkhuba ekwakheni izakhiwo.

izinhlobonhlobo binders

Singakanani isikhathi ukuze ome ukhonkolo, incike izici Isakhi esiyinhloko. Kunezinhlobo eziningana binders okuyinto yakha isisekelo isixazululo:

1. Izingxube Cementitious yalo. Salezi zixazululo Ayekulungele womshini eziveza kanye izakhiwo ezibucayi. Ukubeka isikhathi ingxube kuze isimo yokusebenza - kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-7 kuya kwezingu-14.
2. Gypsum. Ukhonkolo esekelwe ukusetshenziswa kwalesi isibopho ukwakhiwa izingxenye ngaphansi ezibucayi yalesi sakhiwo, ezifana ngodonga Ingaphakathi ezindongeni ukuzisekela. Ukwakheka ikhambi kufaka nenye pozzolan usimende kanye Gypsum powder. Umklamo eqala isimo ezisebenza ngemuva kwezinsuku 2.
3. Silicates kakhulu ukunciphisa izindleko ukhonkolo, kuyilapho izici amandla ukuhlala ezingeni eliphezulu. Isikhathi nokufeza isimo tekusebenta we indaba incike olinganise mass kanye nenqubo solidification. Ukusabela autoclave lifika 2 izinsuku.
4. isibopho polymer-modified isetshenziselwa ukuxuba ukutshezi kanye ukufakwa zemabula zokuhlobisa chips, egwadle, zombala yemvelo kanye zokwenziwa. Isixazululo Uqinisa ngemva kwehora, ukuze adalule ebusweni umthwalo kungaba 3-4 izinsuku.

etintfweni

Futhi hlela isikhathi isilinganiso ukuqina mix ukhonkolo, isikhathi solidification kuthonywa:

1. Umswakama. inqubo elapha kuyindlela yemvelo yokusabela chemical phakathi kwengoma namanzi isibopho. Ngakho, ngokushesha nje lapho ketshezi ugijima ekwakhekeni nasekumeni komzimba, isenzo sithule. Ukuze ugweme amanzi emzimbeni futhi ngokuhlaziya umthamo ukhonkolo, kuzomele udale isimo umswakama okwanele okungenani u-75%.
2. lokushisa Ambient. Njengoba ukusabela amanzi abathintekayo, kubalulekile ukuvimbela okokuqandisa lapho kubanda. Ukushisa ezikhishwe ngesikhathi elapha isakhiwo, i-lokushisa ephakeme izingxenye ukuphendula kwenzeka kakhulu ngokushesha.
3. uhlobo isibopho kanye nenani amanzi ikhambi futhi thola ukuthi kungakanani okufanele ome ukhonkolo. Gypsum powder isamba elanele ketshezi kuba isakhiwo esiqinile ngaphakathi kwamahora ambalwa, Portland usimende kudinga mayelana 12-16 kuye mibandela.
4. ukujiya kwesakhiwo kuthinta solidification Imininingwane yesixazululo.

Lezi izici okufanele sicabange ngazo lapho ukuklama imisebenzi yokwakhiwa lapho ukhonkolo sisetshenziswa. Kanjani ukwakhiwa ezomile kuncike imvelo kanye ukunakekelwa kahle ivolumu phama.

Isikhathi esimaphakathi

Ngokuvamile obhekene ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo esetshenziswa zakudala usimende ukhonkolo. Indlela bome Umklamo ke, kunqunywa ucwaningo e wezinsimbi esakhiweni elabhorethri:

• Phakathi 3 izinsuku ikhambi iba namandla-30%, linamathele uphawu, wanikeza umswakama high kanye lokushisa hhayi ngaphansana 15 ⁰ C.
• Kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-7 kuya kwezingu-14, ukhonkolo livele eyanele abantu ukunyakaza nobulukhuni ku-80% we izakhiwo eyisibambiso.
• Izinsuku ezingu-28 - isethi egcwele fixed eside eyisibambiso amandla. Phakathi nale nkathi, into kungenziwa eziqhutshwa ngejubane.
• Ukhonkolo is zihlukaniswa kusukela ezinye izinto ikhono ukwandisa ukusebenza yayo ngesikhathi wokusebenza. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-90 itshe okudlula imingcele ezabekwa 20%.

Ithonya formwork: yebo noma cha

Nge ukwakhiwa kwanoma iyiphi izinto ngokuvamile zisebenzisa indlela yokwakhiwa Monolithic. Lo mbuzo ubuzwa: ukhonkolo kangakanani ezomile phakathi formwork, uma sithinta isakhiwo ukuqina?

Inqubo ukuqina - lutho kodwa ukusabela zamakhemikhali. Ukuze nomthelela ijubane layo uma igijima kungaba izimo yangaphandle kuphela: kuma lokushisa kanye nomswakama, futhi ekwenyuseni ezithile - izithasiselo okuyinto yethulwe zingene ingxube ekukhiqizeni okhulisa ukuthola izakhiwo okuthile kwezinto ezibonakalayo.

Formwork esetshenziswa amabhodi sokhuni, izingcwecwe zensimbi ezilula nokwakhiwa ipulangwe. Lezi izinto zenzelwe ukulungisa ukuma ukwakhiwa esizayo. Bayakwazi kancane ukugcina ukushisa umthamo eqinisa, kodwa hhayi eziningi ukuthi kwakukhona ukusheshisa abalulekile inqubo.

Ngokunakekela efanele ukhonkolo ku formwork Uqinisa e imigomo kuchazwa izimo lokushisa:

Emva kwalesi sikhathi kubuya formwork isuswe, umklamo uyaqhubeka lukhuni ngokwakho, ngalesi sikhathi uqhubeke umsebenzi ukufakwa ku ukwakhiwa into.

Bethembela nesikhathi

Monolithic izakhiwo zikakhonkolo babe Ubukhulu ezahlukene. Izikhwama for izakhiwo kanye nezinhlaka wenziwa ukucupha eziningana: band, inqwaba, setshe. imitimba yabo iye etulu amavolumu ezahlukene.

Ukuze uthole ukuthi singakanani isisekelo uDries ukhonkolo, kufanele ugxile ukujiya design. Kusukela sokwelapha futhi eyenza lukhuni - yokusabela chemical, kufanele uhambe ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke ivolumu. Lapho petrification ukushisa kwemvelo. Ngakho, ingaphakathi element kancane kuza isimo sokugcina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-ukuhwamuka engenhla kusheshe uketshezi ngokweqile kanye impahla ozuza isakhiwo ezanele ukufakwa olwengeziwe.

umklamo Extra awugqinsi, ezifana setshe yisisekelo izakhiwo ezinkulu, amachibi uyabhukuda, eziyinxanxathela, zingamelana izinyanga ezintathu ingakafiki iphrojekthi ukweneka wawuqeda wonke lo mqulu base yokusakaza.

Indlela ukwandisa isivinini sokwelapha

Kanjani ukuze ome ukhonkolo ngaphandle ezimweni ezivamile, siye sabona. Manje cabanga izindlela le nqubo kungenziwa yashesha:

1. Ukulondoloza njalo umswakama ezingeni kumele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngemva kokwakhiwa ukhonkolo ku formwork. Ukuze lolu hlobo yokukhosela egcwele impahla waterproof (ifilimu noma ngoseyili) waphuzisa njalo.
2. Ukudala izimo lokushisa zokusebenza efanele ukuze kwakhiwe ebusika. Njengoba yaziwa, lapho amanzi abandayo crystallizes futhi eyandisa, okuyinto akwamukelekile isakhiwo ukuqina. Ukuze uvimbele lokhu, ekwakhiweni ebusika formwork eyayenziwe evuthayo ukusheshisa chemical izinqubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emsebenzini wokukhiqiza ingxube catalysts ethize sengezwe lula izingxenye iyunifomu okusheshayo settable.
3. ukubala efanele isilinganiso usimende namanzi solidification kuqinisekisa ingxube ngesikhathi esifanele ngaphandle kwesidingo uxoshwe ezingeziwe amanzi okweqile.