Ubani ubhekwa umama ongayedwa? Umama ongayedwa: yencazelo ngumthetho

Namuhla bahlangana nomama othile oletha ukukhulisa ingane yakhe kuphela, - hhayi siyindlala ezinjalo. Ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, abesifazane nehlombe imithwalo zokukhulisa ingane ngaphandle kosizo uyise. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ubaba wakhe washiya umkhaya nonina wayengafuni ukuba lokuzimbandakanya empilweni yomphakathi wengane, futhi wayengumfelokazi. Ziningi izizathu ezabangela lokho, kodwa ngubani ubhekwa umama ongayedwa ngokusemthethweni?

Umama ongayedwa - ubani lo?

umama Single (noma olulodwa) libhekisela izigaba ezilandelayo abesifazane:

• wabeletha ingane ngaphandle kokudala ubuhlobo bomshado noma emva kokuphela kwezinsuku ezingamakhulu amathathu ngemva kwesehlukaniso esemthethweni;
• obeshade okuyinto inselele ubuyise bakhe baze yisikhathi izinsuku 300 ngemva kwesehlukaniso;
• ngaphandle ukuphathana kwabashadile lidlule inqubo yokutholwa / ukwamukelwa (mhlawumbe akuvamile, ngokuvamile ukwamukela / ukuvunywa kokwamukelwa oshadile).

Endabeni uyisimo wesifazane incwadi eshoyo ukuthi umama ongayedwa, ukulungisa isimo salo (Ifomu №25). Lo mntwana kule "Ubaba" isitifiketi sokuzalwa emkhakheni kuyoba udwi uma umama akafuni ukubhala ngayo amazwi abo.

Omunye umama, kodwa akukho nolulodwa

saxoxa ngenhla, ngubani ubhekwa umama ongayedwa, kodwa kunezimo lapho umama ngokugcwele ubhekana bokukhulisa ingane kuphela, kodwa akubonakali kuphela. Alone ababhekwa:

• nowesifazane ohlukanise nengane, kodwa ningalutholi kuye ukondla obushade naye emuva kwesehlukaniso izinkokhelo (ngenxa yezizathu ezithile);
• ngizale zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-300 kusuka ngesikhathi umshado usuhlakazekile / nilenze (emizimbeni umbhalisi sizibhale obeshade njengoba uyise womntwana, ngisho noma akuzona izihlobo oyizalayo);
• abesifazane abanezingane sezisunguliwe ngokomthetho ubuyise (ukuthi ngokuzithandela noma enkantolo), ngisho noma uyise begazi akaphili nezingane;
• umfelokazi;
• mfelokazi lapho, ne ukushonelwa umngane womshado waba ngaphansi kwezinsuku ezingamakhulu amathathu (emizimbeni umbhalisi sizibhale umlingani oshonile kukholamu "Ubaba");
• unina womntwana, uyise bancishwa amalungelo abo kwabazali.

Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, owesifazane isimo "umama ongayedwa", incazelo okuyinto ongaphezu komthetho.

ikakhulukazi amalungelo

Ngenxa isimo salo yilowo nalowo owesifazane osuke bokukhulisa ingane kuphela, uthola amalungelo athile akhethekile, odinga ukukwazi ukuze ngempumelelo uzisebenzise umkhuba.

1. umama ngamunye eyodwa unelungelo lokuthola zonke izinzuzo ezikhona kuleli qembu. Njengomthetho, zingabantu elikhulu ngobukhulu kunobukaJohane ndaba abavamile. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa ngqo owesifazane udinga ukungena emizimbeni zokuvikeleka komphakathi nokunakekela sabantu endaweni sokubhalisa (yokuhlala hhayi!).
2. iholo eliphansi umama ongayedwa unelungelo lokuthola izinzuzo lesifunda ezengeziwe.
3. Uma umama ongayedwa ashade, kuba ngokuphelele zonke izinkokhelo, izinzuzo, yesokudla kwesokunxele wakhe. Balahlekile esimweni lapho oshade naye usebenzisa ingane.
4. Ukusebenza "kuphela" unelungelo lokuthola iholide ongavamile noma ngasiphi isikhathi wazifunela wakhe.
5. Owesifazane unelungelo lokuba enqabe isikhathi esengeziwe noma ebusuku emsebenzini. Lolu hlobo umsebenzi awanakubhalwa ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe ngokuzithandela.
6. naye unelungelo lokuthathwa njengomsulwa amahora encishisiwe ukusebenza, okuyinto ezibekwe kusengaphambili neziphathimandla futhi kuvikelwe ngokubhala.
7. Umama ongayedwa unelungelo ukuthatha kumqashi, owenqaba yokuvuma yakhe phezu ukwenqaba ngokubhala, umcele enkantolo (kuphela uma nje siqiniseka ukuthi umsebenzi wala ngenxa isimo sakhe umama ongayedwa).
8. Endabeni nezimo zokuphila ezingezinhle noma ungahlalwa muntu we Owesifazane unelungelo uthole ethubeni ekuphuculeni izimo zokuphila noma ukuhlinzeka amasha.
9. Ingane ka umama ongayedwa ukuthatha enkulisa ngaphandle queuing, futhi yokuyikhokhela umama ongayedwa uthola isaphulelo (50-70%) noma ukulungisa isimo egcwele.
10. Uma uthola ingane esikoleni, ufanelwe ukuba ukudla khulula (izikhathi 1-2 ngosuku).
11. Ingane ka umama ongayedwa uthola iqoqo izincwadi ezidingekayo ngokufundisa esikoleni, mahhala.
12. Owesifazane angase athole ithikithi kuya esikhungweni sezempilo (ngokugcwele noma ingxenye ikhokhwe).
13. Umama ongayedwa bangathola imithi ohlwini (uhlu udinga ukucela emtholampilo, lapho izingane eqokiwe) mahhala, futhi imithi ezibizayo unelungelo lokuthola isaphulelo azungeze 50%.
14. Umtholampilo wengane umndeni -parent evakashela ehhovisi lika massage zokwelapha mahhala.

Zonke lezi amalungelo omama abangabodwa eRussia livikeleke umthetho, akukho ejensi noma inhlangano ayikwazi ngobugebengu. Endabeni ka kwephulwe umama ongayedwa angaya enkantolo.

Imibhalo ukuthola isimo

Ukuhlanganisa isimo salo waba umama ongayedwa, owesifazane kufanele ugcwalise bese uthumela imibhalo ethile:

1. Isicelo "umama ongayedwa" isimo.
2. Lapho ukuthola isitifiketi sokuzalwa, lapho Ukubala "Ubaba" alaneliswa / alinalutho (noma silotshwe namazwi owesifazane), unina igcwalisa ifomu isitifiketi №25.

Lawa madokhumende umama ongayedwa ithwala noma ithumela ngeposi ukuze umnyango USZN (umnyango zokuvikeleka komphakathi sabantu) endaweni yokuhlala yabo. Ngemva ukwelashwa yowesifazane babelwe isimo "umama ongayedwa" futhi ngabelwa izinzuzo ezithile.

Izinzuzo ukuba omama abangashadile

Bonke abesifazane ababhekwa ukuba umama ongayedwa, zifaneleke anda nesondlo okuqukethwe. usayizi yabo kuyadingeka ukuze ucacise emnyangweni USZN iphemithi yokuhlala lgotnitsa. Uhlu izinzuzo:

1. Eyisamba kwababemi ku-akhawunti emtholampilo yabakhulelwe ukukhulelwa ngaphambi umnqamulajuqu ka amasonto 12.
2. ikhefu lokuyobeletha.
3. Semali-sum inzuzo ukuzalwa kwengane (ababulawa futhi ikhishwe esezele).
4. nesabelo nyanga zonke ukuze anakekele ingane kuze kweminyaka eyi 1.5.
5. ukunakekelwa ingane nesabelo kusuka 1.5 kuya ku-3 iminyaka.
6. nesabelo ngenyanga ingane eneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-16.
7. Regional inzuzo lokuchibiyela umama ongayedwa.

Imibhalo izinzuzo

Uhlu imibhalo edingekayo ukuze izibonelelo injongo ukuba omama abangashadile:

1. Isitatimende ukuqashelwa umama ongayedwa zabesifazane, abhalwe USZN emzini wakhe.
2. isitifiketi sokuzalwa sengane.
3. Stamp kwisitifiketi wengane yisakhamuzi umklomelo kuye (afakwe ehhovisi ipasipoti).
4. Isitifiketi Ukwakheka umndeni kusuka izindlu (isiqinisekiso co-umama nengane eziphilayo).
5. Ubufakazi lomama abangabodwa (ifomu №25).
6. Isitifiketi imali (umlando umsebenzi noma isitifiketi unina Employment Service, okhombisa ukuthi owesifazane emi phezu akhawunti noma cha).
7. iphasiphothi likamama.

Njengoba sinazo zonke lezi imibhalo udinga ukwenza amakhophi. Nge-passport ngempela ikhasi nezithombe zalo mzali ongayedwa, ngekhasi yokubhalisa, ikhasi nge isimo somshado, ikhasi lapho umntwana eqoshiwe. Zonke imibhalo yena libhekisela ekuphathweni zokuvikeleka komphakathi endaweni ukubhaliswa kwaso.

amalungelo isibonelelo

UMthetho omama abangabodwa kuhilela izinzuzo ezithile kwabesifazane nale isimo:

• nesabelo kwandisa ukunakekelwa kwengane (inyanga ngayinye), okuyinto ozimele engenayo emndenini.
• Isamba esengeziwe sika-senyanga nesabelo kuze iminyaka 1.5 (ngemuva kwalokhu futhi kuze kube iminyaka engu-3).
• usizo lwezezimali ingane unyaka ngamunye (ruble 300-400).
• Umama ongayedwa (Labour Ikhodi - umthombo) ayikwazi axoshwe emsebenzini wakhe ngesikhathi isinyathelo ukuphathwa, kuyilapho ingane yakhe akukhona engu-14 ubudala. Endabeni nokuqedwa ephelele inkampani / ibhizinisi, lapho inani labasebenzi kudingeka ukuthi unikeze emsebenzini wakhe omusha. Kungokufanayo kusho ukuphela kwenkontileka fixed eside.
• sokugula anakekele ingane egulayo (eneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-14) ikhokhelwa isikhathi eside kunezinye.
• Umqashi siphoqelekile, ngesicelo zalo mzali ongayedwa, ukuhlinzeka nge-ezengeziwe ezingu-14 zelivu ngaphandle kwenkokhelo, yena unelungelo lokusebenzisa kanye main noma ngasiphi isikhathi udinga ukuba.
• Abaqashi musa banelungelo lokwenqaba ongumama ongayedwa e-umsebenzi, uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka, ke angaya enkantolo.
• Ukuze imikhaya enomzali oyedwa, ohulumeni bendawo bangase bahlele yokuthengisa (izingubo zezingane, imikhiqizo kwenhlanzeko, amathoyizi nokunye. D. Ngezinye ngamanani ezifanele).
• Phindaphinda ubukhulu sokubuyiselwa imali yentela.

Lolu hlu ukwazi yonke umama ongayedwa futhi ukwazi ukufaka isikhalazo kuwo kunoma isiphi isimo. abesifazane okunjalo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi evikelwe ngokomthetho, ukuze iphendukele izinyathelo zomthetho njalo kudingeka.

Izibonelelo ukuba omama abangashadile

Udaba imixhaso has ezinye zezinselele odinga ukukwazi njalo umama ongayedwa. Icacisa injongo uxhaso okwenzeka ngokucophelela futhi, njengoba umthetho, isikhathi eside. Ngu uqobo, isimo umama ongayedwa phuca owesifazane kwanoma iyiphi izibonelelo ngoba uthola izinzuzo anda izinkokhelo kusukela State, uyawuthanda izinzuzo eziningi. Kodwa uma imali umndeni Imininingwane ayeqi ubuncane sesiqhubeka kahle, umama ongayedwa ungathola isibonelelo isinxephezelo izinkokhelo Tinsita.

Ukuze bahlele mxhaso (noma ukwazi ukuthi kucatshangwa), owesifazane kufanele sicele ulwazi ukuphathwa zokuvikeleka komphakathi endaweni ohlala emndenini ompofu. Qiniseka ukuletha irisidi nge amasheke nelokugcina yokukhokha tamasipala, eqinisekisa engekho izikweletu umndeni kule ndawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho isikhulu control social ngeke abale ngomholo umndeni bese uthola izinga ilungu ngalinye lomndeni (njengoba izingane). Ukuze wenze lokhu, tente yonke imithombo omholo: amaholo, impesheni, izimali, imifundaze, kanye ehlukaniswa ilungu ngalinye lomndeni. Uma isilinganiso ewumphumela ngezansi izindinganiso ngumbuso ke umama ongayedwa uyamamukela salokhu uxhaso ku Umbuso izikweletu.

Imibhalo ukuthola izibonelelo

Ukuze kubhaliswa kokuqala bese uqhubeke nokwamukela uxhaso ukuze umama ongayedwa has ukunikeza izidumbu zokuvikeleka komphakathi iphakethe nemitlolo elandelako:

1. Umnikazi isitifiketi ezakhiweni.
2. iphasiphothi likamama.
3. isitifiketi sokuzalwa sengane noma yonke izingane, uma kukhona eziningana.
4. irisidi Sponsored eqinisekisa ukungabi khona izikweletu izinsiza Umbuso indawo e zinyanga eziyisithupha ezidlule.
5. Isitatimende aphoyintimenti imixhaso (ngokuvamile ligcwaliswe ukudluliswa kwemibhalo).

Usizo uxhaso

1. Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa mayelana nemithombo engenayo wonke amalungu omkhaya phezu ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule.
2. Usizo, lapho wonke amalungu omkhaya ebhaliwe evela izindlu (ekhishwe ukungabi tamasipala izikweletu, ubala wonke umuntu sibhaliswe efulethini / indlu).
3. Siza kusuka yokuphepha komphakathi ezibonisa zonke izinzuzo ezitholwe wesifazane.
4. Amaholo isitatimende kulezi zinyanga eziyisithupha ezidlule (uma lowo wesifazane akasebenzi noma cha ngokusemthethweni ukusebenza, isitifiketi kusuka kusevisi umsebenzi ku ukutholakala kanye nosayizi okuholela namarhubhelo wokungasebenzi).

izinhlelo federal

Umndeni umama ongayedwa uwela ngaphansi kohlelo federal ekusebenziseni usizo emindenini abasha ukuthuthukisa noma ukuthola impahla. Umxhaso inikezwa ukuthola umama ongayedwa nomntanakhe (a) izakhiwo zokuhlala endaweni bangu-42 square metres. m. Isibonelelo ikhishwa ngaphansi kwemibandela elandelayo:

• owesifazane kungazange kufinyelele engu-35 ubudala.
• It has a isimo evumelekile lomama abangabodwa.
• yena solvency.
• uhlu lwabalindele izindlu ezixhaswe.

Ngeshwa, izakhamuzi (kuhlanganise omama abangabodwa) abalungele ifulethi, elinde hhayi omunye unyaka. kudala abuqede ukusatshalaliswa oludlulele kwempahla eRussia zanamuhla. Ngenxa yalokho, le "yesibonelelo sikahulumeni" omama abangabodwa ngokuvamile ahlale ephepheni. Kodwa umkhuba kuvela khona amaphepha futhi, ngimi emgqeni, "ingcindezi" le ncwadi yomthetho.

Sebenzisa Ukuvikelwa isimo

Khumbula ukuthi bonke abesifazane ababa abhekwa umama ongayedwa - uhlobo olukhethekile izakhamuzi abangekho ezweni lethu kwadingeka usizo oluncane nokuxhaswa isimo. Ningakwenqabi, bese usebenzisa ngokugcwele (ngangokunokwenzeka) ngokwakho nengane yakho. Phela, umama ongayedwa - incazelo umthetho ebekiwe izenzo zomthetho.

isiphetho

Lesi sihloko sithi konke okudingayo ukuze ukwazi njalo umama ongayedwa. Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi imithetho neziqondiso ziyashintsha, ngakho ngaphambi ukuqoqa imibhalo ethile, thola ulwazi olunembile ngendlela yezenhlalakahle emizimbeni Ukuvikelwa namahhovisi lokubhalisa. Thatha uhlu kwemibhalo edingekayo bese uvale kubo, ukudala amaphakheji ukuthi uyoqhuba isimo sokubhaliswa noma izinzuzo.