Tula Museum of Fine Arts: ikheli iqoqo Museum

Ancient idolobha Russian Tula idume hhayi kuphela gunsmiths yayo, futhi aziwa ezweni lonke Gingerbread, kodwa futhi isiko kwezobuciko eside, zivela bezikhathi zangaphambi wamavukelambuso, lapho ekhulwini XIX ku Fine Arts Museum yasungulwa. Ngenxa yalokho, eziningi imidwebo Polenov futhi Surikov, Shishkin, Serov, futhi abantu bomuzi ayaziwa yakhiwe, futhi babe yingxenye empilweni yabo engokomoya.

mzamo yokushisekela izwe

Ngo-1884, okungukuthi, phakathi nokubusa koMbusi Alexander III - Slavophile okuqina futhi umlandeli oshisekayo indlela yokuqala ukuthuthukiswa waseRussia - ekuthatheni isinyathelo sokuqondisa Diocesan emzini Tula National Museum, okuthiwa Drevlekhranilishche yasungulwa. Kamuva, ngo-1902, kuyinto Slavic futhi ngandlela-thile zakudala igama indawo zanamuhla, ekubeni ukuyibiza yi Indlu Kwasendulo.

Kodwa empeleni yayo ayiguquki kuleli cala. Njengoba ngaphambili, imisebenzi yobuciko ukuthi kwadingeka ukuhambisana umlando isiRashiya, futhi ikakhulukazi esikhathini esidlule Tula esifundeni, zuza, ayeyoba ingxenye ka-eqoqweni Museum kanye uzifunde ngokucophelela njengoba ochwepheshe zendawo zifiki kulokhu eMoscow. eqoqwe Iningi ngalesi sikhathi ziphephile kukhona iminikelo abaqoqi yangasese ababefuna ngaleyo ndlela ukuba unikele jikelele umzamo yokushisekela izwe.

Kusukela amaphephandaba isikhathi it is ukuthi amaSonto kanye namaholide omphakathi wonke umuntu wavulwa ukufinyelela kwamahhala ejimini, lapho kuhlolwa imidwebo embukisweni, futhi mayelana ukuthandwa okungavamile okuyinto wayekuthanda ezaziwayo. Ngokushesha egumbini, esemgwaqweni Isikhwama saphela ubambe ikhowe le ukuqoqwa isikhathi, futhi ngo-1908, iziphathimandla zedolobha eyakhelwe lwakhe Tula ezibiyele isakhiwo ekhethekile.

Ukudliwa komhlaba, ubuyise Museum

Isimo sashintsha ngemva Okthoba Revolution, lapho iqoqo zakudala weNdlu zadliwa uhulumeni futhi walaliswa siguqulelwa Tula Museum of Fine Arts. Njengoba wazi, ngokushesha ngemva eza namandla, amaBolshevik bafeza yokudliwa komhlaba ezinkulu yobuciko (nazo zonke ezinye) amagugu, ngaphambili ingeyamakhosi abameleli izigaba ocebile emphakathini. Phakathi nalo mkhankaso, imisebenzi eminingi yobuciko abacebile izigodi izwe bajoyine Museum.

Njengoba amaBolshevik akazange ukuhlukanisa phakathi umsebenzi abaculi ezifuywayo angaphandle, futhi athatha konke abanikazi odlule abakwazanga ukufihla noma ukuthatha phesheya, ngokushesha Tula Museum of Fine Arts, lapho kwakukhona imidwebo, walahlekelwa wangaphambili, ewumngcingo orientation yayo kazwelonke. Ngo amahholo wawo kwakunemifanekiso imidwebo abaculi ezifana akukhuthazwa Western njengoba Luca Giordano, Domenico Fetti, uFrans Snyders nabanye abaningi.

Ukuguquka eminyakeni yokuqala Soviet

Ngo-1918, wokuhlela yonke imisebenzi sebefike Museum kusukela izigodi suburban, iBhodi emzini Ezemfundo usethe sithunyiwe, eyayihlanganisa Ukufika kusuka eMoscow abaculi kanye bemisebenzi yobuciko. Ngenxa yalokho yomsebenzi bona eyaqoqwa izinhlu ziphephile nezincazelo zawo. Ukuze uthole imininingwane emayelana zonke Commission imidwebo wathatha ngonyaka, ngemva kwalokho amahholo Museum avuleka umphakathi.

Ngo-1927 i-Tula Museum of Fine Arts saqanjwa Lore lendawo, njengoba ingxenye enkulu ukuchayeka yayo kudalwa ngesikhathi ephethwe umnyango umlando wendawo. Ngaphezu ngokukhethwa ngonyaka ngaphambi Museum wathola ukuqoqwa imidwebo kusukela ihholo lombukiso we Art wendawo Nezimboni. Umsebenzi wakhe ngokuyinhloko Tula abaculi, kodwa kwakukhona ziphephile adluliselwe ezimalini Tretyakov Igalari.

Ngaphezu kwalokho Museum ukuphila

Ngenxa yalokho lezi nezinye namarisidi ziphephile ikhuphuke kakhulu, kwathi ngo-1939 kwanqunywa ukuba ukusungula iminyuziyamu ezimbili Okusizayo ezimele - izifundo lesifunda nezobuciko. Kanjalo Tula Museum of Fine Arts waphinda waba ezimele Sekukhangisa.

Esikhathini esizayo, umnyuziyamu uye wazibonela nezikhathi eziningi ezinzima emlandweni waso, eziningi zazo kwaba khona impi futhi esiphuthumayo ezihlobene eSiberia. Akulula, futhi yabuyela ekubeni zonakale kuphela baqala ukwakha kabusha Tula. izakhiwo siqu Museum ngaleso sikhathi yayingekho, futhi afakwe House edolobheni sika lamaphoyisa, lapho kwadingeka achithe engaba amashumi amabili.

ukuchayeka Novoselye nokwanda kamuva

Kuphela ngo-1964, lesi sakhiwo Kwakhiwa ikheli ke: mgwaqo Engels, 64. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, iqoqo lakhe kakhulu agcwaliswa ngezithukuthuku zigqila etholakele amaqoqo yangasese iMoscow, iLeningrad futhi Tula uqobo. Engingakusho nje ukuthi kuhlanganisa imidwebo Polenov, Shishkin, Repin, Borovikovsky nezinye abaculi abamagama zaziwa emhlabeni wonke. Ngenxa lokuqedwa okwalandela uhlu kulamagama yandile kakhulu.

Phakathi abaculi abenza ukuziqhenya Museum, endaweni ekhethekile kuhlala Ik Aayvazovsky. Imidwebo lokhu umdwebi oluvelele zasolwandle njalo amehlo, futhi kulelo hholo, lapho embukisweni, njalo ugcwele.

Uhlanganise Tula Museum

Ngo-1995, lonke embukisweni eziyinkimbinkimbi sangena inhlangano okudalwe Tula Museum of Fine Arts. Tula - edolobheni yobuciko ngamasiko asendulo, futhi akukaze kwancipha isithakazelo ubuciko, ngakho inala iminyuziyamu kanye zobuciko kungokwemvelo. Inkinga nje ekutholeni izindlela engcono bahlele umsebenzi wabo.

Kuze kube yimanje kwanqunywa eziyisihlanu kuzo, kuhlanganise kulowo sise Engels emgwaqweni, 64 (okuyinto uya indaba yethu) - yokuhlanganisa ndawonye. Ngenxa yalokho, inani embukisweni indawo eziyinkimbinkimbi kwaba amamitha ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi square, esangenza insimu yalo, ngaphezu nemibukiso unomphela, ukubonisa isebenza kahle, eza lapha ezivela amaqoqo iminyuziyamu eminingi kuleli zwe futhi ezizimele.

Regional Museum of ukubaluleka federal

Ngo-2013, Museum anikwa igama elisha. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, Waba Tula Regional Art Museum. Akulona ihaba ukuthi kushiwo ngokufanele zibalwa phakathi izikhungo embukisweni ngobukhulu yaseRussia. Namuhla, iqoqo lakhe siqukethe izicucu kuka abayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nantathu, kuhlanganise imidwebo, ebaziwe, kwezobuciko okuhlobisa kanye nemisebenzi yezandla.

Sikhungo izinhlu Museum ahlotshiswe amagama amakhosi eziningi ezifuywayo shayela, ezifana Levitan, Korovin, Tropinin futhi Aivazovsky. Imidwebo lezi abaculi kukhona izivakashi njalo we nemibukiso eyayihlelwe ehola iminyuziyamu zomhlaba. Inani Elikhulu futhi iqoqo imidwebo Western Europe, ehlanganisa indalo Geniuses baqaphela Italy, iFrance, iNetherlands nakwamanye amazwe amaningi.

imisebenzi Sikhungo Museum

Izenzakalo Museum is hhayi kuphela nomkhawulo inhlangano nemibukiso. abasebenzi zako ziyizindlela of yesayensi omkhulu futhi lokho umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu kwezemfundo. Ngesisekelo amavidyo e amahholo impahla Museum wadedelwa izinhlelo eziningana thematic esiteshini "Emkhubeni Wokubulala" kanye nenombolo yabanye, ukuhlinzeka i-airtime ukukhuthaza imfundo tebuciko zabantu baseRussia.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, emashalofini incwadi ezitolo yezwe ungabona izincwadi ezihlukahlukene, equkethe mikhiqizo yakhiwe of imidwebo nezithombe agcinwe kule Museum, kanye anikezelwe izihloko zabo ngokuholela art Russian.