Sokuzingela Berdan: Ukucaciswa nezithombe. Ububanzi ngezibhamu Berdan

Ukuzingela sokuzingela Berdan elalibhekwa njengelinye lamazwe best ngesikhathi. Ngeshwa, namuhla akwaziwa kahle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho sibhekene onobuhle abaningi bezinye izizwe. Noma kunjalo, indima Berdan ngezibhamu impi Russian kubaluleke kakhulu. Baye kusevisi cishe engamashumi amabili futhi kufanele ke ngokugcwele ukuthatha indawo yayo efanele emlandweni izikhali Russian.

indaba

UMdali ngezibhamu Berdan kuyinto umsunguli American. Kuyinto yokumbonga bayiqamba. Kukholakala ukuthi ikhophi yokuqala zazivela umshini 1868. Ngo-April 1869 ungumdali Berdan ngezibhamu efika nengane sabo eRussia. New olulodwa-shot sokuzingela wethulwa Russian Tsar. Kuyajabulisa kakhulu u-Alexander II. UMbusi isikhipha umyalo wathatha it on ebhodini. Yileso ndaba yaqala esingakanani inkonzo ngezibhamu Berdan ebuthweni Russian. Ekuqaleni, lesi sitshalo kuyalelwe iqembu amakhophi abayizinkulungwane ezingamatshumi amathathu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo efemini e Bridge Port waqala ukukhiqizwa eyisikhombisa imizuliswano eziyisigidi nesigamu nezinhlamvu emiselwe lezi ngezibhamu.

Kamuva, yena eyingoduso ekuqedeni lesi sikhulu sezempi yebutho Russian ka-Aleksandru Gorlov futhi uLieutenant Gunius. Futhi ngo-1870, onobuhle ubudala indawo uhlelo olusha Berdan sokuzingela - 2. lalinesango slide kanye wayecatshangelwa ngezikhali ezincane.

izinguquko amathathu nanhlanu kube nomthelela ku umphumela ukushintshwa ukuklanywa. Imodeli olusha laqanjwa GAU Commission. Yena ehloniphekayo samelana zonke izivivinyo futhi samukelwe ku inkonzo ngokuthi "komugqa ngokudubula isibhamu."

sphere kwesicelo

kuqhubeke zalo ezinhle kwaba yokuthi lesi imodeli esetshenziswa amasosha esebenza skirmishing kanye nokunakekela Melee. Lokhu sokuzingela lalisetshenziswa Guard Amandla yebutho Russian phakathi nempi ngokumelene janissaries Turkish kusuka 1877 kuya 1878. Abazange phezani lungasetshenziswa uma kwakukhona izibhamu Mosin Nagant noma. Phakathi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, amasosha adubula izibhamu zawo Berdan-2 osezingeni 10.75x58.

ERussia, lezi zikhali zenziwe. Nokho, wafaka isitembu ngesiRashiya, ezifana isiqu khona othi: "Senzeni Koltovsky imboni yezikhali zempi. Hartford. Melika "kanye nenombolo ye-serial. Ekuqaleni kwempi Russian-Turkish, amabutho Russian babengaba zinkulungwane ezilitshumi lesificaminwembili ngezibhamu Berdan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu izikhali ubekade ebuthweni lezempi eBulgaria empini ka-1914. Abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu amakhophi cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo ke wakhululwa Russia eMbusweni Montenegro. Futhi 1995-96, ngesikhathi sempi Ethiopia, yathengwa izingcezu abayizinkulungwane ezingamatshumi amathathu iziqu esizukulwane sesithathu.

incazelo

Kusukela umbono abasebenzisi yesimanje, lokhu isikhali kubonakala ngempela "silo." lomzimba walo eside kakhulu futhi kunalokho esindayo kanye igobolondo nge powder black kancane ukuze ukudubula ukhululekile. Nokho, uma ubheka izikhali emehlweni abantu ababephila ngesikhathi sakhe, izinzuzo eziningi ngaleso sikhathi. The main ibutho Russian ngaleso sikhathi ayengashadile-shot sokuzingela Krnka futhi Carla nge ubukhulu 15.2 mm. Futhi kungemuva yabo leyo minyaka, "Berdan isibhamu" ngiyaphupha "melkashki" - ukukhanya nenhle.

izici design

sokuzingela-2 Berdan kwaba ifakwe uhlaka isibhamu, eyenzelwe ububanzi esiphezulu izinyathelo anamakhulu mathandathu. It fly ngaphandle namushnike sise ibanga elithileko kusuka nomlomo. Futhi ngakwesokudla esiqwini kwadingeka igagasi zokuthola insabule, umbhede ube nentamo ngqo. "Isibhamu Berdan" kwaba ifakwe insabule.

sokuzingela design ezinzima elula. inhlamvu wayo indlela nge mainspring futhi wesigubhu kakhiye elise ngaphakathi tube, okuyinto kanye yokushutha, uhlezi phezu-eksisi transverse, wasebenza ngempela ngokushelela. I isibhamu awuzange ifakwe extractor: amasosha amacala igobolondo kwadingeka ukuba kukhishwe ngesandla. Ngakho-ke, edlulele besikhathi sakhe e ngokunemba kanye nokunemba komlilo, ngokuya lula, awubange usayithola ezinye kweminye imihlobo.

Berdan sokuzingela-2 laliphathwa nguye ibhokisi efanayo kumagazini wokuqala. Ekuqaleni, senziwa ziyadliwa nangemva - birch. Handguard kokuvalelwa umgqomo ngokuhambisa emasongweni ngezikulufo. Babili. Okubonwayo futhi kwadingeka isakhiwo esifanayo, futhi igagasi for axube insabule kwaba ohlangothini lwesokudla. Kulokhu, lo insabule ilungisiwe. Akafuni fixed ngaphansi emgqonyeni, futhi ngakwesokudla.

Ukukhiya umshudo eyalo Ukujikeleza yayo nge-degree amane nanhlanu. Lokhu kwakungenele a krupnokaliberki ezinjalo, ngokudubula ube ngumsizi wabaningi, onamandla. Ngesikhathi ugema efanayo, okwakubekelwa ifakwe ngezibhamu Berdan yesivalo waphumula emdulini emuva umamukeli.

ukusetshenziswa

Kodwa ngale ndlela waqala ukufika ibutho Russian. Sebenzisa isibhamu yayilula ngokwanele. Lapho tube edonswa phezu shank kakhiye kakhiye tube Leli qembu isenzo isiphethu isando wabekwa Leli qembu.

Khona-ke, ukuthatha isibambo encane ibhola emise, kwadingeka eyovula isango sesiyilahlile phambili naphezulu, ukulayisha isibhamu. Ngemva kokuvala isibhamu wayekulungele nomlilo.

igobolondo

Berdan isibhamu wadubula zethusi extruded emikhonweni ibhodlela emise, ngaphakathi kwawo kwakuyizingalo inkomishi zethusi ngenjongo yokuqinisa cap, futhi ikepisi emaphakathi. Ophathwa nitrate powder-zamalahle ansundu ngenxa mabutho kuhlaziywe samuntu 1 sol, noma 4,265 g Nakuba sokuzingela Berdan-2 elihamba wadubula nabanye primer usinde -. 1.19 sol, noma ezinhlanu amagremu .. On powder enkomishini iphepha ukubeka ngokwayo prosalnik eyenziwe nesinqumela exutshwe wax. Kwakudingeka ukukwehlisela ungcolisa emgqonyeni kanye obturation kangcono. Kula mabutho chuck ezimbili prosalnika elinikeziwe. Inhlamvu e ngezibhamu Berdan babe isilinda-ogival, wanyathela, kusukela phambili okuhlanzekile wrapper ephepheni. Ngosuku babo kwakukhona i indentation ngokufaka ngaphakathi ekupheleni ephepheni.

osezingeni

Goqa wasiza ukuvikela rifling kusukela inqubo zasvintsovaniya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto angawodwa emikhonweni metal, ungavumeli ukubukeka amathrekhi longitudinal ku amachashazi. Lokhu kungapheleli ngesikhathi kwakuvamile kakhulu futhi avele njengoba udabula isiteshi umgqomo.

Inhlamvu "berdanok" kwadingeka ubukhulu efanayo emgqonyeni. Ulesisindo 24,16 amagremu. Lapho wadubula, inhlamvu lide ngokwanele ukuba oluhlehlela ubude, ubukhulu anda rifling egcwele. Ukulandela Ukuhamba yayo wrapper iphepha ngaphansi kwengcindezi emoyeni ngesikhathi Ukujikeleza aqathaka. amachashazi Ngaphandle osalivalis wrapper, kanjalo nokunciphisa izinkinga umgqomo ngesikhathi kokudubula. Hlukanisa elihamba igobolondo kusukela abagibele amahhashi sasingamashumi lula kakhulu. kuya ichashazi lokugcina elihambisanayo ukuthi ezinemibala pink, kuyilapho igobolondo elihamba zazimhlophe. Inesisindo 39,4 amagremu.

amachashazi ekuqaleni ngokukhululwa elihamba igobolondo kwaba nesivinini 1414 izinyawo, noma 431 amamitha ngomzuzwana, futhi amahhashi - 1188 m / s. Esimweni sokuqala kuba izinyathelo ezimbili namakhulu amathathu wangishaya yensimbi ishidi ezimbili milimitha isigamu obukhulu ngamunye. Nakuba ichashazi abakhwele amahhashi ongawenza ngendlela efanele lo into efanayo, kodwa bekude eyikhulu amamitha.

Ukukhiqizwa eRussia

Berdan sokuzingela-2 ekuqaleni wayalelwa i-izingalo ifektri e Birmingham. Kodwa kwasheshe kwahlaluka ukuthi ingalo lempi isimo ezinkulu ezifana Russia, bangakunaki izimpahla ezivela phesheya engasakwazi. Sesifikile isikhathi lapho kwadingeka kuvulwe production ezifuywayo kakade. Kodwa kwakungewona umsebenzi olula. Ukuze kukhiqizwe "berdanok" futhi cartridges ngabo ngobungako kwesokudla okudingekayo ukuze kahle nesimanje Russian izingalo umkhakha. Futhi wenziwa, nakuba ngezinye izindleko ezinkulu futhi umzamo omkhulu. Ukuwa 1872, konke sekumi ngomumo ngesikhathi Tula Arms Plant. Ngesikhathi esifanayo sasingabantwana ugcwaliseka ngokugcwele abasebenza Sestroretsk futhi Izhevsk izimboni lokukhanda.

Kusukela zobunjiniyela imboni yasekhaya ngaleso sikhathi kwaba isencane isakhasa, bonke imishini, amathuluzi kanye nemishini kwakudingeka bathenge phesheya. A indima esemqoka ekuthuthukiseni ukukhiqizwa kwe ngezibhamu Berdan ezweni lethu wadlala ochwepheshe British. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo yebutho Russian e cartridges for the isikhali ngo-1869 eSt lakhiwa futhi ahlome yakamuva imishini endaweni yokukhanda. Ngenxa yezinguquko ukusetshenziswa kancane kancane isiqala rearm ibutho seyithuthuke onobuhle yasekhaya.

Izici

Ngaleso sikhathi, isibhamu Berdan libhekene kuqhubeke esihle kanye nokunemba. Izikhalazo ezabangela kuphela afune izinto ngenkani kwabanye izikhali Lubrication elanele. Ezinye Ukunganeliseki wayizwa mayelana nokwethenjelwa ongaphakeme mshini labadubuli.

Izinzuzo nezingozi nebubi

Rifle isampula lokuqala nelesibili ubungekona singly kanye nokugcina. Gunslinger kungabeka iminithi elilodwa ukuze amachashazi eziyishumi umbuthano nengxenye imitha ibanga eziyikhulu amamitha. It is ngaleso sikhathi kubhekwe yalokho okuhle. Nokho, izikhali elihamba sokuzingela sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi hhayi ngempela ngeshwa: kuqala, kwakudinga amandla okuhle ukudubula kusukela bomlilo, futhi okwesibili, kwakudingekile ukuba babafundise ukuphathwa isikhathi esingangenyanga. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-ensikeni ukwakhiwa yesivalo kanye nokugcinwa lokhu isibhamu zazinzima eziyinkimbinkimbi.

izindleko

Berdan izibhamu, ikakhulukazi nge ezimbalwa ezenezelwe, ezweni lethu namuhla ezibhekwa rarities. Isesimweni esihle, kunzima kakhulu ukuthola. Royal futhi nenkathi yamaSoviet zonke izinto zitholakala endaweni yokugcina izimpahla we-poll kwashintshwa ku olubushelelezi-kwathela. Yingakho namuhla ivelakancane yangempela ifektri sokuzingela Berdan. intengo yayo impela high. It kuncike imodeli futhi ukutholakala emehlweni ezengeziwe. Okunye futhi okubaluleke ngokufanayo isimo yomsebenzi isikhali. On elihamba isilinganiso Berdan-2 angathengwa ruble abayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa nangaphezulu.

Ngokuhambisana osebenzayo namuhla ezweni lethu umthetho, kuphela khona umbono uchwepheshe we-Ministry of Culture baziqaphele izinzuzo yamasiko sokuzingela, kungaba ngokufanele kube kwegazi mahhala.