Rachmaninov: uhlu. Akwaziwa umsebenzi Rachmaninoff

Isikhova i-great Russian umqambi, wopiyano futhi umqhubi Sergey vasilevich Rahmaninov kuyinto nombhali lenqwaba imisebenzi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene - kusuka imidwebo kuya opera. umculo yakhe ekhaliphile is emhlabeni wonke ezaziwa. imisebenzi odumile Rachmaninov futhi umsindo namuhla ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba. Ukwenza umculo umqambi waqala eminyakeni 5, futhi lapho eseneminyaka 13, wethulwa Tchaikovsky, owadumisa ithalente lakhe.

Imisebenzi Rachmaninoff afuthwe ngesibulali romanticism futhi lyricism, amandla kanye nenkululeko. Inkulumo ekhethekile umculo wakhe isihloko njengezitha zezwe lokhokho.

Isebenza ngu Rachmaninov - uhlu

Nasi uhlu imisebenzi wanikela emhlabeni umqambi:

• amakhonsathi ezine upiyano futhi-orchestra;
• umculo wezinsimbi ezintathu;
• opera ezintathu;
• suite "Dances Symphonic";
• Vocalise izwi nopiyano, anikezelwe opera umculi Antonine Nezhdanovoy;
• 3 inkondlo ( "Prince Rostislav", "izinsimbi" futhi "Isiqhingi efile");
• 2 symphony
• Five Pieces ngoba Piano fantasies;
• 2 Sonatas for Piano;
• sonata futhi izingcezu ezimbili cello nopiyano;
• Capriccio izindikimba Gypsy;
• Izingcezu ezimbili Cello futhi Piano;
• cantata "Spring";
• Eziyisithupha Pieces ngoba Piano Four Izandla
• 2 imisebenzi for ngoma Acapella;
• "Cliff" vantaziya.

Futhi Preludes, etudes, iculo, iculo Russian nokunye.

Student iminyaka, umqambi

Ngo 1882 Sergey wangena Conservatory Petersburg, futhi 1885 baqhubeka imfundo yakhe okunye kakade ngesikhathi eMoscow Conservatory emahhovisi ezimbili - upiyano kanye nokusungulwa. Ngo-1981 Rachmaninov nge-honours iziqu upiyano, futhi kamuva ngonyaka iziqu umqambi.

Isebenza ngu Rachmaninoff (uhlu), okuyinto ke zazilotshiwe eminyakeni yakhe umfundi:

• Concerto for upiyano futhi-orchestra №1;
• Youth Symphony;
• inkondlo Symphonic "Prince Rostislav," eyabhalwa umkhiqizo UTolstoy, yakhishwa okokuqala kwenziwa umphakathi ngemva kokufa kombhali;
• opera "Aleko", eyasebenza njengodonga isihloko senkondlo, NJENGOBA Pushkin, kwaba umsebenzi mqondo ka Rachmaninov uMnyango kwengoma.

Imisebenzi kulotshiwe eminyakeni 1893-1899

Ngo 1893, Rachmaninoff wabhala Elegiac Trio onesihloko esithi "Memory woMdwebi Omkhulu", which busisa Petru Ilichu Chaykovskomu futhi wadala ngesikhathi sokufa kwakhe. Lo msebenzi ungezwakala abashonelwe futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo izinkumbulo elimnandi umuntu omkhulu, kanye nezimpikiswano zefilosofi ngendlela edlula ngokushesha ukuphila. Okunye imisebenzi Rachmaninoff ayilobayo ngesikhathi kusuka 1893 kuya eminyakeni 1899: fantasy Symphonic "Cliff" Musical Izikhathi for upiyano okwandulela for upiyano e ezincane C-ezicijile. 1895 kwaphawulwa ngokubhala Symphony №1, okuyinto premiered ngemva kweminyaka emibili indalo yayo. Symphony kuhlulekile, umqambi wathatha nangobuciko yimali iminyaka eminingi isinyathelo kuphela njengoba wopiyano futhi umqhubi, ngokubhala umculo engakathenjiswa umshado.

1900s empilweni okudala umqambi

Ngalesi sikhathi, umqambi Onqobayo block komlobi yabuye yaqala ukubhala. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi iqala kwesikhathi ukundlula womsebenzi wayo. Imisebenzi yomculo we Rachmaninoff, wadala kule minyaka:

• ekhonsathini sesibili upiyano futhi-orchestra;
• Sonata for cello nopiyano;
• cantata "Spring", okudaliwe amavesi N. A. Nekrasova;
• Symphony №2;
• №3 ikhonsathi upiyano futhi-orchestra;
• belusizi ithoni inkondlo "Isle of the Dead", okuyinto iBhayibheli laphefumulelwa ikhophi umqambi omnyama nomhlophe yale midwebo ezingaqondakali Arnolda Beklina.

Esikhathini kusuka 1904 kuya 1906 Sergey utlole ezimbili eyodwa-isenzo opera, "Francesca da Rimini" ngu Dante, "I Miserly Knight" ngemisebenzi Alexander Pushkin. Ngo-1906, i-opera ezimbili ziye wafaka Bolshoi Theatre, kodwa bebaningi ayitholakalanga. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wayesebenza kwi opera Rachmaninov "UMonna Vanna" (okusekelwe indaba play by M. Maeterlinck), kodwa wahlala sidle.

Ngo-1910, umqambi waphendukela Choral umculo wabhala Nowaphezulu St. noJohn Chrysostom, ngo-1913 - the inkondlo "The Bells" futhi ngo-1915 - ingoma yesonto "Zonke-Night Vigil." amanothibhuku Preludes ezimbili Piano zadalwa nezincwadi eziningi, "Etudes-zithombe."

Ngo-1917 Umqambi waqhubeka uhambo futhi emuva Russia asibuyanga. Kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe, wahlala e-United States. Eminyakeni yokuqala ayisishiyagalolunye zokuphila kwakhe ekudingisweni Sergey angizange ukubhala umculo. Ekupheleni kweminyaka ayisishiyagalolunye ebhala №4 Concerto ngoba Piano futhi Orchestra (hhayi imisebenzi abadumile kakhulu phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe ayengenabo impumelelo futhi ngovela kuye izikhathi eziningana), "Russian Izingoma ezintathu" (umsebenzi esiyinhlekelele, lapho ishunyekwa ukulangazelela Russia) , Ukuhluka ku isihloko Corelli (okuyizinto engajwayelekile lokhu uhlobo ifomu umculo), i-Rhapsody edumile isihloko Paganini Symphony №3, «nemidanso Symphonic" i-orchestra. imisebenzi zakamuva nje Rachmaninoff benamandla ekhaya.

zothando

Ukuqoqa out umlando romance Russian zasendulo zangenkathi yangaphambi izinguquko of imisebenzi vocal ngu Rachmaninov. Uhlu iculo eyabhalwa Sergei Vasilyevich eminyakeni ezahlukene:

• "Ngezinye emasangweni sezindela" ku izinkondlo by M. Yu Lermontova.
• "Esikhathini EBUSUKU obuthule" emazwini A. Fet;
• "Uyakhumbula yini ukuthi kusihlwa" emavesini AK UTolstoy;
• "Apreli" kule nguqulo edumile French V Tushnova;
• "Musa ukucula, ubuhle bami," ku izinkondlo by A. S. Pushkina;
• "Umfula Lily" emazwini A. Pleshnova G.Geyne;
• "Amanzi Spring" ku izinkondlo by Tyutchev;
• "Oh, ungadumali" emazwini A. Apukhtina;
• "Bamphendula bathi:" ukuhunyushwa amavesi Viktora Gyugo;
• "Ebusuku, engadini" emazwini ka-Aleksandru Blok;
• "Au" emazwini Balmont.

Imisebenzi edume kakhulu S.Rakhmaninov

ifa Huge kwesokunxele yesizukulwane omunye bomculo enkulu Russian - Rakhmaninov. Imisebenzi edume kakhulu Sergei Vasilievich: lawa ezintathu opera yakhe, concertos for upiyano, i-Rhapsody kwi Theme ka Paganini, i-suite "Symphonic Dances" Vocalise izwi nopiyano, le nkondlo "The Bells", ubuhlobo bothando kuyi.

Adume "Vocalise" Kulotshiwe okwesikhathi Tenor noma soprano, kodwa namanje enze iningi soprano lomniniyo. Ucule sung ngaphandle amazwi, umuntu (noma) le unkamisa umsindo. Lo msebenzi futhi wahlela ukwenza kuyi-orchestra, choir kanye ababedlala izinsimbi,-orchestra ngaphandle nothisha ngoba soloists wezinsimbi, kukhona amahumusho yalo msebenzi.

Suite "Dances Symphonic" kwalotshwa ekudingisweni ngo-1940 futhi kwaba umsebenzi wokugcina Sergei Vasilievich, wadala iminyaka emithathu ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe. Lokhu umculo zonke sigcwele ukukhathazeka ngawo isiphetho abantu ngithwele seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili.

Opera "Francesca da Rimini" - indaba yakhe ethathwe Dante sika Divine Comedy. Umbhali Libretto salokhu opera baba M. I. Chaykovsky.

Inkondlo "The Bells"

Mhlawumbe imisebenzi edume kunazo Rachmaninov - inkondlo Symphonic ". I Izinsimbi" Kulotshiwe for soloists ezintathu (Baritone, tenor, soprano), kanyekanye, nawo weqembu lomculo wezinsimbi. Inkondlo eponymous ngu Edgar Allan Poe Wawugujelwani yalo msebenzi. Inkondlo inezingxenye ezine uhlobo ezahlukene, okuyinto embule ezigabeni ezihlukahlukene zokuphila komuntu. Ingxenye 1 no-2 (lomshado chime nezinsimbi) injabulo express serene, izingxenye 3 no-4 - lena i-alamu, insimbi emingcwabo umsindo kabuhlungu. Ingxenye yokuqala Allegro Tenor soloist; engxenyeni yesibili Lento soloist soprano - umsindo indandatho yomshado, futhi umculo imayelana uthando; nesahlulo sesithathu Presto wenza choir kanye orchestra - alarm umsindo, umculo siveza kokwesaba; engxenyeni yesine soloist Baritone - lapha kuzwakala kushaywe insimbi yokufa umculo - uwukubonakaliswa sokufa. In amazwi Rachmaninoff, owakhe lo msebenzi, wayemthanda ngaphezu kwabo bonke abanye futhi yilokho akwenza ikakhulukazi ngentshiseko.

Opera "Aleko"

Opera Rachmaninoff eziningi. Yokuqala ngqá opera yakhe ayilobayo njengoba umfundi somculo, - "Aleko" ngenkondlo by Alexander Pushkin sika "amaGypsy". Kwakuwusuku mqondo umqambi. Librettist VI Nemirovich-Danchenko. Kudlalwé owawuse ngonyaka kamuva Bolshoi Theatre kanye waba impumelelo. Encwadini nomdlandla omkhulu mayelana opera wayengumuntu omkhulu uPetru Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Ngo indaba enhle lwamaGypsy intombazane Zemfira okushintsha umyeni wakhe u-Alec lwamaGypsy osemusha wathandana. Aleko ngentukuthelo ubulala Zemfira lover futhi yena. Roma musa banqume esinonya isenzo Aleko uhambe, kusale yena yedwa ubuhlungu bakhe.

Rhapsody kwi Theme ka Paganini

Sergeya Rahmaninova usebenzela upiyano futhi-orchestra nazo phakathi adumile iningi lemisebenzi yakhe. Rhapsody kwi Theme ka Paganini ungomunye wabo. Imisebenti lebhaliwe ekudingisweni. Siqukethe 24 ukuhlukahluka on isihloko omunye edume kakhulu Caprice Niccolò Paganini - Caprice №24. Lona omunye imisebenzi athandwa kakhulu Rachmaninov ngalolu suku, yena ingazwiwa soundtrack amabhayisikobho abaningi bezinye izizwe.