Paul Antokolsky: Biography nemisebenzi

imbongi Soviet Pavel Antokolsky, biography kanye lokusungula bafanelwe kokuhlolisisa, wayephila ukuphila isikhathi eside futhi ethakazelisa kakhulu. Kumemori lakhe ibingamashumi linemibhikisho, izimpi, ucwaningo 'ubhedu kwezobuciko, ukwakheka izincwadi Soviet. izinkondlo Antokolsky - kuyinto emnandi, indaba abanamakhono mayelana nakho imbongi, wokuphila wezwe, cishe ukucabanga kwakhe.

umsuka

Juni 19, 1896 Petersburg wazalwa Antokolskiy Pavel Grigorevich. WayeyiZwi ngiyizibulo ezinganeni zasekhaya ezine nomfana kuphela. Uyise, ummeli kahle aziwayo, kodwa hhayi kakhulu yimpumelelo, njalo sengihlela sendlela ukuphila kwabo kube ngcono. Kodwa kwakungisiza engxenyeni iningi ummeli umsizi, futhi ezikhathini KwabaseSoviet Kwakugxile Khona - wayengesinye sezikhudlwana izikhungo ezahlukene. Zonke ekunakekelweni kwengane walala emahlombe unina. Boy zibalwe Umzukulu we umqophi abadumile Marc Antokolsky, okuyinto ngezinga elingakanani Pavlov wamnikela ikhono kwezobuciko. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umndeni babevela yamaJuda, emphilweni ubuzwe imbongi kwafeza kungekho indima.

ebuntwaneni

Ebuntwaneni uPawulu Antokolsky seSt Petersburg, futhi lapho eneminyaka engu-8 ubudala, umkhaya wathuthela eMoscow. Main umdlalo ebuntwaneni, emazwini Antokolsky wayedonsa nge emapeniseli emibala kanye watercolors. kuncike yathe ayeyithanda kwakungu isithombe esithathwe yinhloko - umfanekiso ngoba 'Ruslan futhi ULyudmila' A. S. Pushkina. Kamuva kwaba khona intandokazi kuncike yesibili - isithombe ku-internet Ivana Groznogo, okuyinto lalifana esifanekisweni kakhokho wakhe Antokolsky. Ukudlulela umfana eMoscow kahle: emva ezolile futhi ngokubabazekayo Petersburg Yena wamtshengisa esiyisigqigqi, kube nomsindo futhi ezingcolile. Kodwa kancane kancane waqala ejwayele eMoscow futhi ngaqala silihlobanise lakubo. Ukuvukela 1905 uhlala kwagxila kuwena kwimemori lomfana kokuphikisa abantu neziphathimandla kamuva okwakuzoba yisikhungo omunye themes ukucabanga kwakhe.

yokufunda

Paul Antokolsky wafunda eMoscow High School, iziqu ngo-1914. Ukufunda kwaba nzima ngaye, kodwa elakhiwe intshiseko kancane. Ngemva konyaka kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme, uPawulu wangena eMoscow State University, Faculty of Law. Kakade ngonyaka wokuqala ayekubona ngamaphasiji YaseMoscow State University ku Moss izindlu simemezelo sesethi ku Student Drama Studio ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwezinsimbi eMoscow Art Theatre abadlali kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zaqala omunye ukuphila Antokolsky. I ngezikhathi zothuthuva, futhi ngandlela-thile uPawulu kancane kancane ishiywe izifundo zakhe enyuvesi, kuqala ukuze asebenze izidlamlilo wamavukelambuso, kodwa ekugcineni studio, okuyinto ziba ibalulekile kuye.

yaseshashalazini

Theatre studio MSU kwaholela umqondisi ke elaziwayo elincane Yevgeny Vakhtangov kwaba kuye awashaye uPawulu Antokolsky. Umlando wakhe kwashintsha kakhulu nge obhekwe yemidlalo, uPawulu eqala wazama isandla sakhe wenza msebenzi, kodwa ithalente lakhe kwakungenele. Phakathi neminyaka emithathu yokufunda studio, okuyinto yaphenduka "yaseshashalazini abantu" Antokolsky wazama naye kuyo yonke ubuchwepheshe waseshashalazini kungenzeka, kusuka umhleli yesehlakalo umqondisi kanye screenwriter. Ukuze studio, wabhala kudlala ezintathu, kuhlanganise "Doll Infanta" futhi "Ukwendiselana ephusheni." Ngo-1919, lapho asuka Vakhtangov, kodwa uyaqhubeka ukusebenza yaseshashalazini eMoscow lapho kwaze kwaba maphakathi nawo-30 oyibamba umqondisi. Kamuva, wabuyela e-ethiyetha Vakhtangov, naye abasebenza ukuthuthukiswa umakhiwo Arbat. Ngemva kokufa umsunguli omkhulu yamabhayisikobho Antokolsky uqobo kanye ngokubambisana nezinye abaqondisi ukubeka ngemidlalo. Nge ethiyetha Vahtangova Pavel Grigorevich uyaqhubeka uhambo eSweden, Germany neFrance. Lezi uhambo wamsiza ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezwe kanye, yena uyazi emkhulu uyindoda Soviet. Kamuva okuvelayo lezi kulolu hambo uzobe owawusekelwe vesi, ikakhulukazi, encwadini ethi "West". Theatre isineminyaka njalo wahlala endabeni ebalulekile yokuphila kwama Antokolsky ngisho nalapho wakhetha indlela ehlukile.

izinkondlo

izinkondlo zakhe kuqala Pavel Antokolsky ubhala ebusheni bakhe, kodwa sina lo msebenzi ungowesifunda. Ngo-1920 yena ukuthuthela eduze iqembu abalobi eMoscow ababebuthene Café izimbongi ku Tverskaya Street. Kukhona umhlangano Antokolsky Bryusov, esasithanda izinkondlo imfundamakhwela umbhali, futhi ngo-1921 wanyathelisa imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala. Bryusov wayengeyena nje imbongi oluvelele, kodwa futhi umhleli kakhulu, phansi kobuholi bakhe savela inhlangano olusankondlo etemibhalo eMoscow, kwaba wusizo kakhulu Antokolsky abasha. Lapha lalifuna amakhono futhi ukholwa ukuthi wawuyini umsebenzi wakhe omusha. Imisebenzi ekuseni imbongi ezazigcwele romance kanye nogqozi for yaseshashalazini. Ngokwesibonelo, enkondlweni "Fransua Viyon" futhi iqoqo "Izinhlamvu" anomqondo amaphupho nemizwelo zale nkundla. Kodwa kancane kancane okuhlukeneko isosha esihlatshelelwayo Antokolsky ithoni civil. Kancane kancane ukuvuthwa, aluthola isitayela zayo futhi focus thematic umlobi.

Ngosuku ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe Pavel Antokolsky uhambise isicelo ukuba zijoyine LamaKhomanisi, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, wathi, impilo entsha. Yokwesaba ngenxa yempi baphokophelele ngepeni imbongi, ebhala eningi kule minyaka. Ngaphezu izinkondlo, akudalile imidwebo, ukusebenza njengoba umlobeli othile impi, uhambela phambili nge ithimba nabalingisi njengoba intatheli. Ngemva kwempi Antokolsky uyaqhubeka ukubhala izihloko ezibalulekile emphakathini, zikhona izincwadi zezinkondlo, "Amandla Vietnam", "The Poet nesikhathi", "The Tale of esidlule Iminyaka", okuyinto eyaba imodeli zezinkondlo civil Soviet.

ifa okudala

Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe okudala eside, uPawulu Antokolsky kabani sithombe nganoma iyiphi i-encyclopedia kwezincwadi Soviet, utlole izincwadi ayisishiyagalolunye zezinkondlo, ezinye izinkondlo kanye eshicilelwe amaqoqo ezine izihloko. Incwadi ngayinye imbongi - kuba umsebenzi ebalulekile, benamandla nemizwelo ejulile nemicabango lembhali. Ukudalwa edume kakhulu yile okuthiwa inkondlo Antokolsky "Ndodana", kwabhalwa mayelana nokufa nobuqhawe kamufi ngaleso phambi kwendodana yakhe. Inkondlo ulilethele udumo ngamazwe ukuba imbongi kanye Stalin Prize. isithakazelo Undoubted angumsebenzi eyabhalwa we French umoya wamavukelambuso: inkondlo ka Fransua Viyone, phezu isigodi, le nkondlo "Robespierre kanye Gorgon", "sans-culottes". iqoqo Kugcine izinkondlo, "Ukuphela Kwezinto Zonke Ekhulwini" eshicilelwe ngo-1977 futhi uhlobo efingqa zokuphila emiphumeleni.

Translations

Paul Antokolsky kakhulu ekuphileni kwakhe okudala enikelwe umsebenzi wokuhumusha. Ngisho e engxenyeni 30s Antokolsky yesibili ngokuvakashela republic udade - Armenia, i-Azerbaijan neGeorgia - futhi unesithakazelo kuyo emiphakathini yakubo. Khona-ke iqala umsebenzi wakhe wokuhumusha izinkondlo kazwelonke lala mazwe ku isiRashiya. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, waziphatha ukuhumusha 60s kanye 70s. Ngaphezu imisebenzi yezimbongi Georgian, isi-Ukrainian, Armenia futhi Azerbaijani, uyakhohlwa nezincwadi eziningi zaseFrance. Enguqulweni yakhe ngokuwa amaqoqo 'izinkondlo civil waseFrance "," Kusukela Bernazhe ukuze Eluard "Anthology eliyisisekelo" Emakhulwini amabili eminyaka zezinkondlo eFrance. "

ukuphila Siqu

Imbongi waphila ngempela ocebile futhi eside. Kwakuyisikhathi ubungani nozakwethu ezifana Marina Tsvetaeva, K. Smionov, E. Dolmatovsky, Tikhonov, V. Kataev. Antokolsky wayeshadile kabili. unkosikazi Okokuqala - Natalia Shcheglova - wabeletha indodakazi yakhe Natalia nendodana uVladimir, owashona ngo-1942 phambili. Kamuva waba umdwebi futhi washada imbongi Leon Toom. Umzukulu Antokolsky Andrisi waba onguprofesa wezinto zemvelo, usebenza e-Brazil. unkosikazi wesibili - Zoya Konstantinovna Bazhanova - kwaba umculi, kodwa ekuphileni kwakhe konke elalinikezelwe inkonzo yomyeni wakhe. Paul Antokolsky, nomkakhe, nezingane zabo nabazukulu baye njalo zihlotshaniswa imbangela eyinhloko ekuphileni kwakhe - izinkondlo. Lendlu wawuyizingalo cult wangempela Master. Ekupheleni ukuphila Antokolsky ngisele ngedwa, umkakhe eshona, abangane bami zaziphila impilo. Wachitha isikhathi sakhe esiningi kuleli zwe. Poet oshone ngo-October 9, 1978, yena wangcwatshwa emathuneni e Moscow Vostryakovsky.